道岔控制电路分布电容探讨

分布式电容随道岔控制距离变长而增加,电容堆积对道岔表示继电器正常工作造成极大影响,通过对分布式电容形成原因的理论探讨,得出影响分布式电容容值的因素,并提出工程应用中降低和解决分布式电容方法,对于提高交流道岔控制电路表示可靠性有积极意义。     

TBM刀具岩石磨蚀性CAI值调整系数的应用

为研究TBM掘进不同岩层的刀具消耗规律，解决川藏铁路隧道TBM施工概预算定额刀具消耗量的适用问题，根据岩石磨蚀性指数特性，结合引汉济渭、高黎贡山TBM掘进现场实测数据成果，分析等效石英含量、单轴抗压强度、完整性等不同条件下刀具磨蚀消耗量的变化规律，并结合应用案例研究推导其与岩石磨蚀性CAI指数的对应关系。在此基础上，推导并验证不同CAI值条件下刀具消耗量调整系数，证明通过石英含量、单轴抗压强度等相关参数推导CAI指数的可行性，为概预算定额中岩石磨蚀性CAI值调整系数的应用提供了理论基础。     

Assessment of factors associated with travel time reliability and prediction: an empirical analysis using probabilistic reasoning approach

Significant efforts have been made in modeling a travel time distribution and establishing measures of travel time reliability (TTR). However, the literature on evaluating the factors affecting TTR is not well established. Accordingly, this paper presents an empirical analysis to determine potential factors that are associated with TTR. This study mainly applies the Bayesian Networks model to assess the probabilistic association between road geometry, traffic data, and TTR. The results from this model reveal that land use characteristics, intersection factors, and posted speed limits are directly associated with TTR. Evaluating the strength of the association between TTR and the directly related variables, the log odds ratio analysis indicates that the land use factor has the highest impact (0.83) followed by the intersection factor (0.57). The findings from this study can provide valuable resources to planners and traffic operators in their decision-making to improve TTR with quantitative evidence.     

Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America

ABSTRACT

Numerous methodologies measuring walkability have been developed over the last years. This paper reviews the Walkability Index (WI) literature of the last decade (2009–2018) and highlights some limitations in the current approaches. Only a few studies have evaluated walkability in Latin America, mainly in big cities but not in medium and small-sized cities in the region, which present their own urbanisation dynamics, security issues, sidewalk invasion problems, and poor planning. Furthermore, most WIs in the literature use objective mesoscale variables to assess walkability in a given area. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by generating new evidence from a medium-sized city in Latin America to question if characteristics of the built environment encourage walking trips, as found in the literature, are transferable among regions. The study also proposes a novel index comprised of microscale and mesoscale built environment variables to assess walkability using virtual tools and considering users’ perceptions. The WI estimation relies on ranking probability models. The results of the case study suggest that subjective Security and Traffic Safety are the most crucial factors influencing walkability in these kind of cities, which is different from what is found in the literature from cities in developed countries where Sidewalk Condition and Attractiveness are the most important factors. Security appeared to be strongly associated with a subjective dimension, represented by the fear of crime or perceived risk for crime, instead of the actual occurrence of crimes. This result evidences the importance of the physical attributes of the real world and how they are captured, judged, and processed by pedestrians. Then, regional transferability of WIs needs to be done carefully. Finally, results in this paper highlight the importance of microscale built environment characteristics in the WI formulation in these cities. Results are in line with other research in some cities of the region, which found that microscale variables such as pavement quality and presence of obstacles on the sidewalks are relevant components to promote walkability.     

基于Markov的系统级动力定位控制系统可靠性分析

针对Markov模型在处理大型冗余系统可靠性问题时会遭遇系统状态量过大,计算耗费时间长,甚至无法有效计算等问题,提出将冗余DP控制系统进行有效分割,分别建立主、备控制系统的Markov模型,进而结合分系统的故障率建立系统级的Markov分析模型。该策略将子系统作为独立的可靠性分析单元,无需获取复杂DP控制系统的所有状态量,大幅减少了系统状态转移的分析量,从而可有效提高冗余控制系统可靠性分析的效率。     

潜在滑坡体对桥梁桩基安全影响的评价分析

为了合理评价某高速公路工程潜在滑坡体对桥梁桩基础工程安全影响,本文通过实地调研,提出影响冲沟区桥梁桩基础工程安全的因素有人为因素和自然因素,即桩基位置、桩基周围弃方弃渣、施工规范程度、监测意识、防护措施、桩周岩土性质、相对高差、坡度、植被覆盖率、日最大降雨量、地震烈度等；进一步结合层次分析法、模糊综合分析法、专家打分法等,对桥梁桩基进行了安全评价,确定了依托工程安全程度等级为“Ⅱ”级,即危险度为中等。相关结论可为依托工程提供针对性指导。     

基于概率密度演化的斜拉索多级变幅时变疲劳可靠度分析

拉索是斜拉桥的主要受力构件,在车辆、风等交变荷载作用下易发生多级变幅疲劳损伤,而经典可靠度方法预测多级变幅时变疲劳可靠度难度大且计算效率低。针对这一问题,提出一种高效的多级变幅斜拉索时变疲劳可靠度预测方法。基于Miner累积损伤理论,建立同时考虑荷载和材料随机性的变幅疲劳损伤概率演化模型;构建应力幅出现频率指标,解决多级变幅疲劳损伤演化过程中偏微分方程难以确定问题,通过概率密度演化方法精确计算多级变幅时变疲劳可靠度,并采用五级变幅材料试验数据和某桥梁斜拉索的模拟数据验证所提方法的可行性。结果表明:所提方法的计算效率远高于蒙特卡洛方法;在小概率失效时,其计算精度高于蒙特卡洛方法。     

基于剩余寿命可靠度的地铁车辆设备多部件趋近机会维修策略

当前地铁车辆的检修存在着过修和欠修的现象。在分析车辆设备全寿命的基础上,以全寿命周期单位时间维修费用最低为目标,建立了基于剩余寿命可靠度的预防性维修周期模型,并针对多部件维修周期问题提出了应用于多部件整体的趋近机会维修策略。通过算例分析,验证了模型的合理性和可用性,以及趋近机会维修策略的有效性。     

川藏铁路工程物资供应保障策略的系统动力学仿真研究

川藏铁路工程建设所需物资运距远、运量大、风险高,物资供应保障需要综合考虑道路和仓储的可靠性问题。分析川藏铁路物资供应的特点及关键影响因素,采用系统动力学方法构建包括物资供应、施工进度、施工技术等3个子系统的物资供应保障模型,对3种组合策略进行了仿真分析。研究结果表明:构建的系统动力学模型可靠有效,路网和物资转运基地相互配合可有效提高物资运输的可靠性,工地物资库存量与工程进度动态挂钩有利于减少工程窝工。     

基于全数检验与定时截尾试验的地铁列车整车可靠性验收方法

提出地铁列车可靠性验收的基本条件,分别介绍了基于定时截尾试验、序贯截尾试验和全数检验的3种经典的可靠性验收方法;提出基于全数检验和定时截尾试验的地铁列车整车可靠性验收方法,设计了可靠性验收的流程;以某一具体项目为例,对该可靠性验收方法进行了验证。结果证明:基于全数检验与定时截尾试验的地铁列车整车可靠性验收方法是有效的,可以节省试验时间。