A technical note on evaluating the effectiveness of bus rapid transit with transit signal priority

Transit Signal Priority (TSP) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are innovative Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) tools that can reduce travel times for buses. Combining TSP and BRT can significantly improve bus travel, but can negatively impact network traffic operations. Although TSP has been implemented worldwide, few previous studies holistically examined the effects of using various conditional and unconditional TSP strategies with or without a BRT system. This research simulates multiple TSP and BRT combination scenarios to understand their impact on traffic operations, including crossing street traffic. A test bed along International Drive (I-Drive) in Orlando, Florida, was chosen as the simulation area. Field data collected for this test bed, which included traffic volumes, bus travel times, and traffic signal control data, were used to develop, calibrate, and validate the simulation model. Results showed that BRT with Conditional TSP 3 minutes behind significantly improved travel times, average speed, and average total delay per vehicle for the main through movements compared with no BRT or TSP, with only minor effects on crossing street delays. BRT with Unconditional TSP resulted in significant crossing street delays, especially at major intersections with high traffic demand, indicating that this scenario is impractical for implementation. The simulation suggests that BRT and TSP will be most effective when used in areas where crossing street volumes are low. However, it is unknown how these ITS tools affect pedestrian traffic. Using optimization methods can determine the best strategy to balance transit and pedestrian traffic.     

Decision fusion of a multi-sensing embedded system for occupant safety measures

The need for an embedded system that can fuse incomplete, inconsistent, and imprecise decisions from several sensing systems is a crucial step in achieving an effective decision for occupant safety measures. This paper deals with the decision fusion strategies of a multi-sensing embedded system to achieve significant enhancement in the reliability of occupant safety through the fused decisions. Multi-sensing approaches to determine weight, vision, and crash sensing are developed for occupant detection, classification, position calculation, and crash detection. A rule-based decision fusion algorithm is then developed to fuse the multi-sensing decisions. The developed sensing systems are incorporated into an embedded device. To execute the embedded system, a system interface between the software and hardware is developed using Lab Window/CVI with the C programming language. The experimental results demonstrated that the real time operation of the embedded system validate the effectiveness of the decision fusion algorithm, characterize the safety measures and monitor the decision application. Several events were tested that prove the performance of the embedded system is robust towards occupant safety measures.     

土耳其伊兹米特海湾大桥投标方案设计

伊兹米特海湾大桥主桥投标方案采用跨度为(650+1 550+650)m的3跨悬索桥,为双向6车道高速公路桥梁.主缆矢跨比为1/8.857;加劲梁采用钢箱梁,全宽38.4 m,梁高4.0 m;桥塔采用横向带有4道斜撑及2道水平横梁的钢塔,桥塔基础采用地基加固后的圆柱形预制钢混沉箱基础,沉箱中部设置支承塔柱的2根圆立柱;锚...     

Multi-Body Dynamics in Full-Vehicle Handling Analysis under Transient Manoeuvre

This paper presents a 94 degrees of freedom non-linear multi-body dynamics model of a vehicle comprising front and rear suspensions, steering system, road wheels, tyres and vehicle inertia. The model incorporates all sources of compliance: stiffness and damping, all with non-linear characteristics. The model is used for the purpose of vehicle handling analysis. A simulation run, pertaining to a double lane change is undertaken in-line with the ISO 3888 standard.     

RAP对再生沥青混合料马歇尔指标的影响(英文)

研究了旧沥青混合料(RAP)的种类及掺量对再生沥青混合料马歇尔指标的影响。以2种新集料(石灰岩和石英岩)及2种旧沥青混合料(Nowshera和Mandra)制备的集料,分别配制成热拌沥青混合料(HMA)的马歇尔试件,测试了不同RAP掺量(0%～100%)及不同RAP种类的沥青混合料的空隙率、沥青饱和度、矿料间隙率、马歇尔稳定度、流值及密度等指标。试验表明:含有RAP的混合料具有更高的稳定度值,且稳定度随着RAP含量的增加而增大。     

粗集料性能对骨架密实性沥青混合料的影响(英文)

沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料(SMA)成功并且有效地应用于多国路面面层。针对纳黔高速公路,采用当地集料设计SMA。通过两种粗集料(石灰岩、玄武岩)的不同配比作为分析对象,测试(马歇尔稳定度、动稳定度、低温弯曲试验、构造深度、摩擦系数)得到沥青SMA体积参数和性能指标。分析得出的SMA是符合工程需要的优质面层材料,具有良好的抗滑能力,低温抗裂性能和良好的耐久性。结果表明:不同的集料配合比显著地改变了SMA混合料的性能。     

Establishing speed–flow–density relationships for exclusive motorcycle lanes

Abstract

The motorcycle is a popular mode of transport in Malaysia and developing Asian countries, but its significant representation in the traffic mix results in high rates of motorcycle accidents. As a result, the Malaysian Government decided to segregate motorcycle traffic along its new federal roads as an engineering approach to reduce accidents. However, traffic engineers needed to know the maximum traffic a motorcycle lane could accommodate. Despite substantial literature related to speed–flow–density relationships and capacities of various transport facilities, there is a knowledge gap regarding motorcycle lanes. This paper establishes motorcycle speed–flow–density relationships and capacities of exclusive motorcycle lanes in Malaysia. Observations of motorcycle flows and speeds were conducted along existing and experimental motorcycle lanes. Motorcycle speed–density data were aggregated and plotted for two types of observable motorcycle riding behaviour patterns that were influenced by the widths of a motorcycle lane: the headway pattern (lane width ≤ 1.7 m) and the space pattern (lane width > 1.7 m). For both riding patterns, regression analysis of motorcycle speed–density data best fits the logarithmic model and consequently the motorcycle flow–density and speed–flow models are derived. Motorcycle lane capacities for headway and space riding patterns are estimated as 3300 mc/hr/lane and 2200 mc/hr/m, respectively.