Elasto-plastic modeling of soft soil considering degradation of stiffness

The stiffness has a large influence on the behavior of soils. Its value is affected by some of the soils properties, such as the over consolidated ratio(OCR), the effective normal stress, and the plasticity index etc. In this paper, the numerical modeling of soft soils was carried out using an improved elasto-plastic S-clay1 model accounting for degradation of stiffness. The relation between the stiffness and the shear strain was established based on a large number of experimental data. The effects of strain-dependent stiffness of normally consolidated soils and over consolidated soils on the stress-strain behavior were studied through a comparison of the simulations with the experimental results of undrained triaxial compression tests. The results show that the behaviors of soils can be well predicted with the improved constitutive model, particularly before the peak stress.     

Effect of orthogonal stiffeners on the stability of axially compressed steel jacking pipe

Load conditions for steel pipe-jacking are complex during the construction stage. The stability of steel jacking pipe has been an increasingly important problem as jacking forces, pipe diameters and jacking distances increase. However, there are no standards for pipe reinforcement, for prevention of buckling, or for remedying pipe that buckles when being jacked axially. Past experience suggests that stiffeners can effectively reinforce the structure. This study analyzes the effect of different stiffeners on the stability of steel jacking pipe under axial compression using finite element analysis. The results suggest that the stability of steel jacking pipe can be significantly improved by using orthogonal stiffeners, in terms of engineering costs and construction space inside the pipe. Based on current engineering practice, the application of orthogonal stiffeners is discussed. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of steel jacking pipe.     

大直径承插式钢顶管的施工受力变形测试分析——以厦门高集海堤原水管道迁改工程为例

承插式钢顶管可以实现大曲率顶进,但管节间的相对转动对接头和管身的影响机制却未得到系统研究。为研究大直径承插式钢顶管在顶进轴线调整过程中的受力变形特性,本文通过现场测试,详细记录了海底大直径钢顶管在顶进过程中承插式接头的测缝、径向变形和纵环向应力。结果表明,承插式接头可以适应大直径钢顶管的轴线偏转要求,管节间最大相对偏转角较规范允许的焊接式钢顶管最大偏转角增大了近19倍。在曲线顶进时,承插式钢顶管自身径向变形的调整可有效降低接头处的应力水平,且管节间由偏转产生的附加应力有限。     

Numerical Study on Groundwater Drawdown and Deformation Responses of Multi-Layer Strata to Pumping in a Confined Aquifer

Pumping artesian water from porous media inevitably reduces the groundwater head and promotes soil consolidation,which may result in regional land subsidence.In this study,a fluid-mechanical coupled numerical model is developed to investigate the dewatering-induced groundwater drawdown and deformation responses for multi-layer strata.The relation between the stratum deformation and groundwater drawdown is discussed.The results show that the pumping process can be divided into four stages.The development of vertical deformation is inconsistent with the change of the pore pressure for the strata except for the confined aquifer at the early stage of pumping.The strata expand while the pore pressures reduce.This inconsistency may be due to the large unloading in the confined aquifer at the early stage of pumping.Soil arch comes into being owing to the constraint of the surrounding soils when the large unloading occurs in the confined aquifer; this can reduce the stratum compression and cause the expansion of the layers.It can be concluded that as the pumping continues,the decrease of the pore pressure dominates the vertical deformation and results in the soil compression in all strata.     

Vertical bearing behavior of cast-in-place diaphragm wall in Shanghai

When diaphragm wall is used as the permanent vertical bearing structure,design standard of the bored pile adopted has to induce the risk or iste. The vertical load transfer mechanism and bearing capacity of the diaphragm wall are examined by a field testing program at the site in Shanghai soft clays. Test results indicate that the diaphragm wall almost behaves as a rigid body under the vertical load. It induces that the skin friction and the toe resistance of the wall develop simultaneously. The skin fricti...     

Simulation of excess pore water pressure during deep soil mixing columns installing

Most of current studies of deep soil mixing (DSM) methods are focused on the soil strength improvement and soil treatment effectiveness. But the DSM installation leads to excess pore water pressure and soil disturbance, which will bring great harm to adjacent structures, such as shell tunnels and historic buildings. The procedure of excess pore water pressure buildup while large number DSM columns are installed is complicated. In order to find methods to predict and simulate the excess pore water pressure during DSM column installation, the complicated dissipation and buildup of excess pore water pressure through in-situ test are studied in this paper. In-situ test was conducted in soft clay near the Huangpu River in Shanghai. The pore water pressure was investigated by an automatic monitoring system. Test results indicate that the excess pore water pressure induced by one DSM column installation is composed of the compaction pressure and the reversing pressure. The empirical equations of excess pore water pressure dissipation and buildup were built by mathematical fitting methods. A compound method is proposed to simulate the excess pore water pressure due to DSM installation. Using this method to predict the excess pore water pressure in the situ test, results show a well agreement between the prediction and the measurements.     

共用地下连续墙深基坑影响下地铁车站与隧道节点变形分析

为了分析深基坑与地铁车站共用地下连续墙影响下车站和隧道连接节点的变形特性,保护地铁线路运营的整体安全,通过现场测试和数值模拟展开研究。根据上海地区深基坑与地铁车站共用地下连续墙工程实例的现场测试数据,分析了开挖施工过程中车站与地铁盾构隧道的竖向位移分布特征,并采用三维数值模型研究了共用地下连续墙深基坑开挖深度、相对位置对车站与隧道节点变形的影响,探讨了车站与隧道节点的曲率半径、相对弯曲的发展变化规律,并判断其安全状态。测试结果与数值分析均表明,车站与隧道节点变形比隧道最大沉降处更加不利;节点的曲率半径随基坑开挖深度的增加而减小,相对弯曲随基坑开挖深度的增加而增加;基坑与车站完全共用地下连续墙或远离隧道时,节点处的曲率半径相对较大。     

Numerical analysis of the soil compaction degree under multi-location tamping

Dynamic compaction (DC) is an efficient soil improvement technique. The previous numerical studies mainly focus on the soil response of single location tamping, but ignore the soil compaction degree under multilocation tamping. In this study, a numerical investigation of multi-location tamping in granular soils is carried out using three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM). The behaviors of the granular soils are described by means of the viscoplastic cap model. The constitutive relationship of the soils is implemented into LS-DYNA and is integrated with 3D FEM for numerical investigation. Then utilizing the field data from the previous studies, we investigate the soil compaction degree at different stages by a case of two basic patterns, and discuss the cause of soil response. Lastly, we evaluate the effect of construction parameters on soil compaction. The simulation results show that the previous tamping affects the soil compaction degree beneath the adjacent tamping location, and the effect is greater near the side of previous location. Meanwhile, the soil compaction degree around the existing tamping crater weakens due to the adjacent tamping. Moreover, the rational selection of DC construction parameters can improve the soil compaction degree, and some hints on the effect of soil compaction are given.     

Numerical analysis on cnoidal wave induced response of porous seabed with definite thickness

Severe water waves can induce seabed liquefaction and do harm to marine structures. Dynamic response of seabed with definite thickness induced by cnoidal water waves is investigated numerically. Biot＇s consolidation equations are employed to model the seabed response. Parametric studies are carried out to examine the influence of the air content in the pore water and the soil hydraulic conductivity. It is been shown that the air content and soil hydraulic conductivity can significantly affect the pore pressure in seabed. An increase of air content and/or a decrease of soil hydraulic conductivity can change the pore pressure gradient sharply.     

Three-dimensional stability analysis of excavation using limit analysis

The theory of limit analysis is presented for a three-dimensional stability problem of excavation. In frictional soil, the failure surface has the shape of logarithm helicoid, with the outline profile defined by a logspiral curve. The internal dissipation rate of energy caused by soil cohesion and gravity power of the failure soil is obtained through theoretical derivation. By solving the energy balance equation, the stability factor for the excavation is obtained. Influence of the ratio of width to height, the slope angle, and the top angle on the stability is examined. Numerical results of the proposed algorithm are presented in the form of non dimensional graph. Examples illustrate the practical use of the results.