Numerical Study on Groundwater Drawdown and Deformation Responses of Multi-Layer Strata to Pumping in a Confined Aquifer

Pumping artesian water from porous media inevitably reduces the groundwater head and promotes soil consolidation,which may result in regional land subsidence.In this study,a fluid-mechanical coupled numerical model is developed to investigate the dewatering-induced groundwater drawdown and deformation responses for multi-layer strata.The relation between the stratum deformation and groundwater drawdown is discussed.The results show that the pumping process can be divided into four stages.The development of vertical deformation is inconsistent with the change of the pore pressure for the strata except for the confined aquifer at the early stage of pumping.The strata expand while the pore pressures reduce.This inconsistency may be due to the large unloading in the confined aquifer at the early stage of pumping.Soil arch comes into being owing to the constraint of the surrounding soils when the large unloading occurs in the confined aquifer; this can reduce the stratum compression and cause the expansion of the layers.It can be concluded that as the pumping continues,the decrease of the pore pressure dominates the vertical deformation and results in the soil compression in all strata.     

共用地下连续墙深基坑影响下地铁车站与隧道节点变形分析

为了分析深基坑与地铁车站共用地下连续墙影响下车站和隧道连接节点的变形特性,保护地铁线路运营的整体安全,通过现场测试和数值模拟展开研究。根据上海地区深基坑与地铁车站共用地下连续墙工程实例的现场测试数据,分析了开挖施工过程中车站与地铁盾构隧道的竖向位移分布特征,并采用三维数值模型研究了共用地下连续墙深基坑开挖深度、相对位置对车站与隧道节点变形的影响,探讨了车站与隧道节点的曲率半径、相对弯曲的发展变化规律,并判断其安全状态。测试结果与数值分析均表明,车站与隧道节点变形比隧道最大沉降处更加不利;节点的曲率半径随基坑开挖深度的增加而减小,相对弯曲随基坑开挖深度的增加而增加;基坑与车站完全共用地下连续墙或远离隧道时,节点处的曲率半径相对较大。     

Responses of the strata and supporting system to dewatering in deep excavations

In order to prevent the inrushing caused by deep excavations, dewatering measure has to be adopted to decrease the confined water level. In this study, the responses of the strata and supporting system to dewatering in deep excavations are investigated through numerical simulations and case studies. Coupled fluid-mechanical analyses are performed by the use of the numerical software, FLAC3D. The responses of the ground settlement, base heave and interior columns to the excavation and dewatering are analyzed. Numerical results indicate that the dewatering measure can effectively reduce the uplift of the subsurface soil in the excavation, and decrease the vertical displacement of the supporting system. In addition, field data of two case histories show the similar responses and confirm the validation of the numerical results. Based on the analyses, dewatering in the confined aquifer is recommended as a construction method for controlling the vertical displacement of the strata and supporting system in deep excavations.     

上海地铁4号线隧道长期纵向变形特征分析与安全评估

为解决上海地铁在长期运营中因不均匀沉降而导致的地铁运营安全问题,以上海地铁4号线隧道段监测数据为基础,从隧道变形曲线的曲率半径、相对变曲、绝对沉降3个方面对地铁隧道的变形进行评估,并对其长期变形特征进行探讨,分析地铁隧道变形与其下部土层变形之间的关系。主要结论如下： 1）随着时间的推移,地铁隧道变形由沉降转变为抬升,其开通后3年是沉降转变为抬升的分界点; 2）地铁隧道相对危险的区域（即隧道变形曲线曲率半径小于500 m和相对变曲大于1/250的区域）集中在车站附近,特别是车站和地铁隧道连接处; 3）地铁4号线隧道变形曲线曲率半径的变化主要在地铁运营1年内产生,相对变曲和绝对沉降安全区域的比例随时间逐渐减少; 4）地铁隧道抬升的原因除了隧道下部土层的膨胀,还可能是由于浮力作用。