Numerical Study on Groundwater Drawdown and Deformation Responses of Multi-Layer Strata to Pumping in a Confined Aquifer

Pumping artesian water from porous media inevitably reduces the groundwater head and promotes soil consolidation,which may result in regional land subsidence.In this study,a fluid-mechanical coupled numerical model is developed to investigate the dewatering-induced groundwater drawdown and deformation responses for multi-layer strata.The relation between the stratum deformation and groundwater drawdown is discussed.The results show that the pumping process can be divided into four stages.The development of vertical deformation is inconsistent with the change of the pore pressure for the strata except for the confined aquifer at the early stage of pumping.The strata expand while the pore pressures reduce.This inconsistency may be due to the large unloading in the confined aquifer at the early stage of pumping.Soil arch comes into being owing to the constraint of the surrounding soils when the large unloading occurs in the confined aquifer; this can reduce the stratum compression and cause the expansion of the layers.It can be concluded that as the pumping continues,the decrease of the pore pressure dominates the vertical deformation and results in the soil compression in all strata.     

高承压水条件下地铁深基坑减压降水研究

为降低高承压水深基坑工程的突涌风险,在某地铁深基坑换乘站建设过程中,通过现场抽水试验及沉降监测,借助数值模拟为基坑减压降水进行方案优化.获取了承压含水层的水文地质参数,分析预测了三维渗流场及周边沉降的时空分布规律,提出了合理的降水优化方案,对类似工程具有借鉴意义     

Protection of Historical Buildings in Metro Line Construction: A Case Study in Shanghai,China

This research presents a holistic approach to the protection of historical building group adjacent to metro line construction, in which health investigation, protection criterion determining, numerical simulation analyses, corresponding protection measures and field monitoring analyses are incorporated as main procedures. A case relating to the conservation of a seven-storey brick-wood pagoda, Longhua Pagoda, adjacent to the construction of Shanghai Metro Lines 11 and 12 in China, is presented. A reasonable protection criterion is determined rationally by means of numerical simulation based on the health investigation results combined with related standards, which can help to achieve a fine balance between system safety and cost constraints in protection measures determining. A full numerical model is developed to analyze the effect of dewatering, excavation, tunneling, and shield departure/reception, and corresponding measures are adopted to ensure the safety of the pagoda. Especially a brand new method, steel jacket method, is introduced in detail, which has a good performance on decreasing the amount of dewatering and maintaining a stable working face. Results demonstrate the application potential of the proposed approach, as well as its feasibility. The proposed approach can be used in the industry by practitioners to provide positive guidelines on the conservation of historical building group against metro line constructions. The reliable and detailed data in this case can also provide verification for subsequent research.     

深基坑的开挖与排桩锚杆支护探析

随着建筑物高度的增加以及建设用地的日趋紧张,深基坑的需要越来越多,深基坑的开挖也面临越来越多的问题。在深基坑开挖的同时,深基坑的支护也愈显重要,在空间限制下只能采用支护结构保护下垂直开挖的设计和施工方法。以某工程为例,对深基坑的开挖以及支护结构进行详细分析。事实表明,排桩支护在深基坑支护中施工简便,经济效益较好,对周围环境影响较小。     

边坡开挖支护时序有限元分析

为研究公路改扩建工程边坡稳定性的影响因素, 寻求科学的支护方法, 以柳州至南宁高速K1456+800处左侧改扩建边坡为研究对象, 利用ANSYS建立了有限元数值模型, 选择未及时支护和及时支护2种支护方式, 模拟计算了改扩建工程中6级边坡开挖过程中坡体的剪应变增量及水平、竖向位移增量; 为定量分析2种支护条件下边坡开挖过程中位移及应力的变化趋势, 选取了6个特殊节点进行监测, 主要监测内容包括测点的位移(包括水平位移和竖向位移)以及主应力(包括最大主应力和最小主应力)随开挖时步的变化情况。分析结果表明: 无论是否及时支护, 每步剪应变增量最大值均位于坡脚, 但及时支护时, 分布面积及数值较未及时支护时小, 边坡发生失稳的可能性较低; 随着开挖推进, 水平位移增量先减小后小幅增大, 竖向位移增量先急剧增大后缓慢减小, 及时支护下各测点最终位移较未及时支护情况要小; 未及时支护时最终开挖安全系数接近1.0, 及时支护后每步安全系数均大幅提高, 基本大于1.35。综上所述, 及时支护能够有效减小边坡剪切应力, 限制水平与竖向位移, 降低整体应力水平, 提高边坡安全系数, 显著改善坡体稳定性。      

临江超深基坑工程施工过程实测数据分析

以南京长江隧道梅子洲工作井即一个超过25m深度的超深基坑工程为背景,其规模宏大、施工工期紧、涉及技术领域多、综合性强、工程结构复杂,在内外高水头差作用下,周围地层易扰动变形,对邻近重要保护建筑影响极大,存在较大风险。结合施工过程中的施工工艺和实测数据,研究其变形规律和计算方法。通过本项研究,对于验证该基坑工程设计、施工方案的安全性;预测施工中可能出现的问题并能及时采取措施以防患于未然,保证施工的安全性,并对今后类似的基坑工程提供有益的借鉴。     

Numerical evaluation of land subsidence induced by dewatering in deep foundation pit

To predict the behavior of land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal, a 3D numerical model is established. The model takes the confined aquifer and soft deposit of Ningbo into account. According to the pumping test data, changing regulations of groundwater level, and land subsidence during dewatering are analyzed. Comparison between the calculated value and measured value shows that the 3D model simulates the measured value fairly well. The future behavior of land subsidence during dewatering period provides the scientific basis for the construction of deep foundation.     

基于熵值法的砂卵石地层深基坑开挖安全可拓评价

为客观评价富水砂卵石地层中深基坑开挖的安全稳定性,根据结构变形、受力、地下水以及周边环境等因素选取地面沉降、建筑物沉降、地下水位等8个评价指标进行开挖安全性评价,以成都某地铁车站深基坑工程为例,根据基坑开挖4个月内的实测数据,采用熵值法对所选评价指标进行赋权,基于物元理论与可拓集合的关联函数,建立深基坑开挖安全可拓评价模型,并将评价结果与模糊综合评判结果进行比较. 研究结果表明:熵值赋权计算中,混凝土支撑轴力、桩顶沉降和支护结构水平位移是本案例中最重要的三项指标,对安全评价影响最大;对地面沉降与管线沉降的可拓评价结果比模糊综合评判结果高一个等级,与实际监测数据的评判结果相符,有利于施工过程中对潜在风险的防控;基于熵值赋权的可拓评价模型能够对基坑开挖安全性进行单因素分析与综合分析,所构建的可拓评价模型可以在成都地区富水砂卵石地层基坑工程安全评价中推广使用.      

滑坡地段浅埋隧道极限位移研究及围岩稳定性评价

通过建立有限元模型,细化隧道开挖后的应力释放率,得到塑性应变突变点,进一步得到在滑坡地段修筑浅埋隧道,围岩变形的极限位移,防止因隧道开挖方法不当引起滑坡滑动、地表沉陷等诱发灾害.通过与实际支护情况下的位移、实测位移进行对比,说明采用数值模拟的方法得到的极限位移能够满足工程要求,作为评定隧道稳定性的标准,为设计预留变形量提供参考依据.     

Numerical study of damage potential in buildings due to excavations

Evaluation industrial factory building damage potential due to ground movements caused by excavations inside the building is a critical design consideration when reconstructing the underground equipment of the industrial factory building. In this paper,the behavior of a support system for a reconstruction project of underground equipment of the industrial factory building in Shanghai and its effects on a pile-foundation supported building are presented. The 8.1 m deep excavation is made through soft clay to...     

深埋隧道内超前深孔降水模型试验

针对弱胶结富水粉细砂岩极易突水涌砂导致的隧道掌子面坍塌和初期支护开裂变形, 研究了深埋隧道内超前深孔降水方法, 建立了模拟隧道内超前降水的实体模型, 分析了3种降水管和3种抽水泵功率下各时刻模型的水位面变化, 采用三轴试验分析了粉细砂岩在高含水率下的破坏状态。研究结果表明: 降水试验模型切向断面上同一标高测点处中间水头低, 两侧水头逐渐升高, 呈抛物线形式, 反映了超前深孔降水规律; 粉细砂岩在高、低含水率下均呈塑性破坏, 破坏时的轴向应变小于5%;降水过程中地层含水率从20%下降到11%时, 粉细砂岩强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角达到最优稳定状态, 实现了开挖面无水状态; 隧道内超前降水参数应采用管径为65 mm的真空降水管和抽水功率为7.5 kW的真空泵, 且降水管应布置在超前掌子面20 m的隧道两侧边墙处; 在富水粉细砂岩深埋隧道内超前深孔预先降水并辅以注浆加固, 能够实现开挖期间粉细砂岩稳定, 为隧道顺利施工奠定了基础, 也避免了大埋深隧道从地表进行深井降水的困难。      

复杂地层内地铁联络通道冻结施工冻胀控制研究

针对地铁联络通道冻结施工时常面临的冻胀过大且冻胀率较难测定的施工难题,依托杭州某复杂地层内越江隧道联络通道冻结施工实例,采用数值分析不同假定冻胀率对冻土体内力和主隧道变形的影响,通过冻土体内力变化制定出冻土体的临界冻胀率,同时对主隧道竖向变形进行监测,并结合主隧道计算竖向变形反馈出实际冻胀率,最后根据实际冻胀率和临界冻...     

深基坑开挖与锚杆支护FLAC3D数值模拟分析

运用FLAC3D软件对某市影视城及商办综合楼深基坑进行了开挖与支护的模拟.计算中采用摩尔-库伦弹塑性模型.通过计算得出深基坑的竖直位移、土体水平位移、锚杆的内力、土体应力应变分布,并与实测值进行了比较,最后采用强度折减法对基坑开挖和支护的稳定性进行了评价.可为工程设计与施工提供参考.     

南京地铁鸡鸣寺站地下连续墙深层水平位移特性研究

根据南京地铁鸡鸣寺站深基坑工程监测数据,分析了地下连续墙变形性状,对基坑施工过程进行了数值模拟,进一步分析了第四道混凝土支撑及深层支撑竖向间距对地下连续墙水平位移的影响。研究表明,该工程地下连续墙水平位移成抛物线型位移,最大水平位移位置下降到21.5 m后不再因开挖加深而下降;仅改变最后一道支撑位置对地下连续墙最终变形影响不大;合理采用混凝土支撑以及增加一道支撑可以有效控制地下连续墙的水平位移。     

桩-土相互作用支护桩受力变形计算方法

为研究桩-土非线性相互作用对深基坑支护结构内力与位移的影响,提出了一种桩-土相互作用支护桩受力变形计算的方法.该方法将基坑开挖面以上的桩体视为有限数量的弹性体,开挖面以下的桩体视为Winker地基梁,支撑结构为二力杆弹簧,并考虑支护桩和内支撑的变形协调,基于桩结构分段分坐标法和弹性地基梁法,推导出了考虑桩-土-内支撑共同作用的支护桩体挠曲微分方程.结合理论土压力,采用该方程计算获得了不同开挖深度的桩体水平位移和桩体弯矩,并与规范法、实测值进行比较.结果表明:本文方法计算得到的支护桩最大水平位移比规范法小15.2%,最大弯矩较规范法小26.6%,均与实测值更为相近.      

地铁车站深基坑降水方案设计

根据深基坑降水方案设计的基本原则以及工程地质、水文地质条件，介绍了合理的现场抽水试验及水文地质参数的计算方法，在此基础上分析了天津地铁沙柳路车站深基坑开挖所采用的管井井点降水方案的设计情况。按该方案顺利地完成了基坑的施工。     

市政工程基坑开挖对既有隧道影响有限元建模分析

由于城市对市政工程项目的需求与日俱增,市政工程项目中难免出现深基坑开挖施工,容易对城市既有沟槽管线造成附加应力,使既有项目产生拉裂等事故。结合工程实践,采用三维有限元方法,分析基坑开挖对坑底已建隧道的影响,包括数值分析的模型网格划分、模型力学参数及单元类型选择和开挖进程模拟及监测面设置。分析结果表明,处于坑底中心的隧道,其横截面在基坑开挖过程的最大直径改变发生在竖向与水平向,竖向伸长,水平向压缩。处于坑底靠近地连墙的隧道,绕垂直轴向在坑内旋转一定的角度。     

Strata consolidation subsidence induced by metro tunneling in saturated soft clay strata

To choose the optimum construction method of metro tunneling,we conducted research with numerical simulation on strata consolidation subsidence by dewatering,dynamic dewatering,and non-dewatering construction method,taking the integrated effects of fluid-solid coupling and tunneling mechanics into account.We obtained the curved surfaces of ground surface subsidence and strata consolidation subsidence.The results show that the quantity of ground surface subsidence is 31 mm for the non-dewatering method,39 mm...     

基坑工程土性参数反分析及变形预报

在研究和应用深基坑开挖二维平面有限元正分析的基础上,针对深基坑工程中的不确定性,在基坑土性参数反分析中考虑了受施工扰动卸载作用下土体的变形,建立了基坑开挖过程中土性参数位移反分析模型.在此基础上建立了正反分析优化算法和预报方法,研制了基坑围护结构反分析方法并编制了计算程序.     

地铁车站深基坑现场实测研究

以南京地铁某车站深基坑为工程背景,对基坑变形及周边建筑沉降进行数据分析,结果表明：基坑侧向变形的最大值一般出现在基坑开挖面附近;地表沉降在开挖前期、中期变化速率较大,后期基坑处于趋稳状态,地表沉降速率减缓;基坑开挖对于无桩基础建筑物的影响要远大于有桩基础建筑物,开挖期间尤应加强临近基础薄弱的建筑物的监测与监控.