基于效率最优的四驱纯电动转矩分配仿真分析

文章针对前、后双电机动力分布式纯电动汽车,以优化能量消耗为目标,如何合理的动态分配前、后轴转矩的问题进行了研究。首先依照制动法规、驱动电机动态响应和车辆纵向平顺性等要求,提出切实可行的分配计算与优化方法,并且区分驱动和制动两种工况。之后采用循环工况仿真验证的方法,进行能耗分析。通过与固定分配方法结果的对比,验证了所提分配方法有效性。     

列控车载设备随机振动仿真分析

利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对某一列控车载设备的结构进行了动力学仿真分析,首先提取了列控车载设备的模态,并在此基础上进行了基于ASD(Acceleration Spectral Density)的随机振动分析,最后给出结构上的改进方案。通过研究发现,将CAE与产品结构设计相结合,可以提前预测产品的环境适应性、发现设计风险并提出改进方案,因此仿真分析可以缩短产品的开发周期、降低开发成本。     

提高沥青-酸性集料抗水损害的试验研究

针对酸性集料与沥青粘附性差、混合料水敏感性大的难题 ,根据配位键理论采用含铬外加剂处理酸性集料 ,显著提高沥青与酸性集料的粘附性。用强化的冻融劈裂试验评价混合料水损害 ,对比试验说明经过含铬外加剂处理后的酸性集料混合料劈裂强度比提高显著 ,长期抗水损害性能也较好。     

微型客车白车身模态分析

建立了某微型客车白车身结构的有限元模型，计算了在自由状态下该白车身结构的振动模态，并提出了鉴别整体模态与局部模态的方法。计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析，结果表明所建立的有限元模型基本反映了原结构的振动特性。     

大型自航艏吹开体泥驳开发

开体泥驳是辅助大型挖泥船疏浚施工关键设施之一。针对国内研发的4 000 m3大型自航艏吹开体泥驳，分析泥驳通过左右两个半体开启快速卸泥、在浅水区域卸泥、通过溢流筒装置实现不同装舱高度溢流、通过艏吹装置进行吹岸作业等功能特点，提出此类型船设计的关键技术，解决了船舶开体状态稳性、液压缸及泥舱密封等一系列技术难题，掌握了大型自航艏吹开体泥驳核心技术，为同类型船的设计提供借鉴。     

The potential mitigation of CO2 emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel from a life cycle perspective – An Australian case study

The objective of this study is to provide a strategic evaluation of the mitigation of CO₂ emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the Sydney–Melbourne, Australia city-pair from a life cycle perspective. It has been demonstrated that when considering CO₂ emissions from vehicle operations, the modal shift from air to high-speed rail on this city-pair has the potential to provide a means of CO₂ mitigation. However, uncertainty exists with regard to the level of mitigation potential when considering the whole-of-life performance of the systems. Given the significant difference in the infrastructure requirements between the air mode and the high-speed rail mode, this study quantifies the life cycle CO₂ load attributable to each system and examines the effect on CO₂ mitigation potential. The study concluded that while the inclusion of the linehaul infrastructure did increase the CO₂ load associated with high-speed rail mode, it did not equate to or exceed the CO₂ load per trip as experienced by the air mode. The avoided annual life cycle CO₂ emission in the target year 2056 was 0.37 Mt representing an 18% reduction when compared to the air mode only on the city pair. In fact, the scenario comparison indicated that the substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the city pair resulted in CO₂ emissions avoidance throughout the longitudinal period.     

上游静止柱体对圆柱体结构尾激振动的影响

文章运用半隐式特征线分裂算子有限元算法对串列布置的静止上游柱体和下游圆柱的尾激振动问题进行了数值模拟研究。数值结果表明:上游柱体结构的形状、尺寸比(d/D)和折减速度(Ur)三个参数对下游圆柱体结构的动力响应、运动轨迹与涡脱落模态有着显著的影响,且与单圆柱工况相比存在明显区别;随着尺寸比的增大,上/下游柱体结构之间的互扰作用会由流致效应逐渐转变为尾流效应,使得频率特性发生变化,并会导致下游圆柱体结构的振动响应增强;当d/D=0.5和1.0时,下游圆柱体结构的运动轨迹主要为“8”字形;当d/D=1.5时,除了“8”字形外,运动轨迹还会呈现双弯刀形、“双8”字形和不规则形状。通过对流体力系数与位移时程曲线及位移PSD曲线特性进行分析,揭示了其相互作用的内在机理。另外,下游圆柱体结构的尾流场特性也会随参数的变化而变化,其涡脱落模态主要为2S、P+S和2P三种。     

The same mode again? An exploration of mode choice variability in Great Britain using the National Travel Survey

The main focus of travel behaviour research has been explaining differences in behaviour between individuals (interpersonal variability) with less emphasis given to the variability of behaviour within individuals (intrapersonal variability). The subject of this paper is the variability of transport modes used by individuals in their weekly travel. Our review shows that previous studies have not allowed the full use of different modes in weekly travel to be taken into account, have used categorical variables as simple indicators of modal variability and have only considered a limited set of explanatory indicators in seeking to explain modal variability. In our analysis we use National Travel Survey data for Great Britain. We analyse modal variability with continuous measures of modal variability (Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, the difference in mode share between the primary and secondary mode, the total number of modes used). Taking inspiration from Hägerstrand (1970), we conceive that modal variability is determined by different types of spatial mobility constraints and find that reduced modal variability is predicted for having mobility difficulties, being aged over 60, being non-white, working full-time, living in smaller settlement, lower household income, having regular access to a car, having no public transport pass/season ticket and not owning a bicycle. The findings can support a change in perspective in transport policy from encouraging people to replace the use of one mode with another to encouraging people to make a change to their relative use of different transport modes.     

Achieving transport modal split targets at intermodal freight hubs using a model predictive approach

The increase of international freight commerce is creating pressure on the existing transport network. Cooperation between the different transport parties (e.g., terminal managers, forwarders and transport providers) is required to increase the network throughput using the same infrastructure. The intermodal hubs are locations where cargo is stored and can switch transport modality while approaching the final destination. Decisions regarding cargo assignment are based on cargo properties. Cargo properties can be fixed (e.g., destination, volume, weight) or time varying (remaining time until due time or goods expiration date). The intermodal hub manager, with access to certain cargo information, can promote cooperation with and among different transport providers that pick up and deliver cargo at the hub. In this paper, cargo evolution at intermodal hubs is modeled based on a mass balance, taking into account hub cargo inflows and outflows, plus an update of the remaining time until cargo due time. Using this model, written in a state-space representation, we propose a model predictive approach to address the Modal Split Aware – Cargo Assignment Problem (MSA–CAP). The MSA–CAP concerns the cargo assignment to the available transport capacity such that the final destination can be reached on time while taking into consideration the transport modality used. The model predictive approach can anticipate cargo peaks at the hub and assigns cargo in advance, following a push of cargo towards the final destination approach. Through the addition of a modal split constraint it is possible to guide the daily cargo assignment to achieve a transport modal split target over a defined period of time. Numerical experiments illustrate the validity of these statements.