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为获取更加接近实际城市公交线网的票价策略,将出行者的社会互动行为与后悔心理引入广义费用,提出线路客流OD矩阵均衡算法;分别以交通管理部门利润最大化及出行者效用最大化为目标,以公交计程票价、发车频率、私家车停车费为变量,建立固定需求下公交线网差异化计程票价多目标优化模型.引入集群智能多目标优化算法求解,并应用于Mandl 标准公交线网.研究发现:以线路里程为标准,差异化计程票制可以有效降低出行成本;依据帕累托最优解调节票价,可以促进出行者选择行为向优势均衡转移. 相似文献
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Roughly 90% of all natural vibrations have epicenters in offshore zones and may cause destruction of submarine and floating structures. Such excitations can influence the safe performance of facilities set up on the seabed, like tunnels, jacket legs and subsea oil pipelines. Some researches on this theme have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of seaquake analyses and their effects have been underlined. The present study intends to numerically simulate a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem in order to examine the dynamic response of submarine tunnel under real horizontal earthquakes. Pressure is considered as independent nodal variables to represent the fluid flow effects and the induced time-dependent acceleration in porous medium equation is incorporated in the analysis and the tunnel shell is considered as flexible. This work highlights the importance of the input ground motion frequency content that governs the development of the induced seismic stress/strain around the lining of the tunnel. The results demonstrate that for deep sea the increment rate of the circumferential stress caused by surface gravity waves is below 7% when compared to the no-wave interface condition. Moreover, it is confirmed that long-period record may amplify the overall response of the system (up to 60%) specially the lateral and vertical displacements, as well as the principal stress to a lesser extent. The developed numerical model can attend to further analysis of tunnels embedded in a half-space in conjunction with fluid undergoing the severe long-period earthquakes. 相似文献
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Benthic community patterns reflect water column processes in the Northeast Water polynya (Greenland)
Dieter Piepenburg William G. Ambrose Jr. Angelika Brandt Paul E. Renaud Michael J. Ahrens Preben Jensen 《Journal of Marine Systems》1997,10(1-4)
Benthic community patterns were investigated in the Northeast Water polynya (Greenland) during the summers of 1992 and 1993 to elucidate to what extent the bottom fauna is influenced by the dynamics of the overlying water. Five different fractions of the benthos (foraminiferans, nematodes, polychaetes, peracarid crustaceans, and epibenthic megafauna), ranging in average adult body size over 6 orders of magnitude (from about 100 μm to about 10 cm), were sampled quantitatively at 69 stations in water depths from 40 to 515 m. Total abundances of nematodes, polychaetes and peracarid crustaceans were found to be primarily correlated with parameters characterizing the potential benthic food supply (water column pigment and nitrate concentrations, sediment bound pigments and sediment biological activity), whereas abundances of foraminiferans and megabenthos were largely associated with seabed properties. Four benthic zones were distinguished by separately analyzing the faunistic composition and distribution of the five community fractions for Ob Bank, Western Westwind Trough, Eastern Westwind Trough, and Belgica Trough. This pattern was shown principally to reflect pelagic regimes differing in surface water hydrography, ice cover and euphotic productivity. This is the first time that a synoptic study of several benthic community portions spanning such a range in sizes and life styles has been performed in a polar shelf ecosystem. Our results indicate that abundances as well as composition of Arctic benthos are largely influenced by mesoscale pelagic processes, and thus provide further evidence for the importance of the benthic-pelagic coupling in high latitude seas. 相似文献
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电机悬挂方式对LIM地铁系统动力特性的影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究目的:研究直线电机地铁在不同电机悬挂方式下的气隙变化规律及车辆、轨道的动力响应特性,并将二者进行比较。研究方法:应用车辆轨道耦合动力学理论,分别建立不同悬挂方式下的系统模型并编制相应的仿真程序,通过在轨道局部加入谐波型余弦不平顺激励对系统的动力特性进行分析。研究结果:2种悬挂方式对系统的各向加速度和轮轨力的影响差别较小,而气隙变化呈现明显不同的规律。研究结论:直线电机采用架悬式悬挂时,要严格控制幅值大于5.5mm的长波不平顺,防止电机和反力板之问的刮蹭;而当采用抱轴式悬挂时,要注意控制大幅值的短波不平顺出现,防止气隙过大,影响电机效率。 相似文献
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Takafumi Kawamura Hideaki Miyata Kohji Mashimo 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1997,2(4):245-256
A time-marching CFD simulation is performed for self-propelling ships. The flow about the hull is simulated by the finite-volume
method, and the propeller action is approximated as a propeller disk for which the solution is given by a simplified propeller
model. The interaction of two flow models is treated in a time-marching procedure converging towards the steady self-propelling
condition. This method is applied to five tanker models, and detailed comparisons are made between the simulated results and
corresponding experimental results. It is shown that the flow field in the self-propelling condition is qualitatively well
reproduced in the simulation, and the estimated thrust deduction factors for the five hull forms agree well with measured
ones. However, the effective wake factors are underestimated, since the Reynolds number in the simulations differs from that
in the experiment. 相似文献
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船舶液力耦合器的人工神经网络的数学建模 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从船舶动力装置动态建模与仿真的实际需求,引出了其主要部件之一的液力耦合器数学建模在稳/动态特性研究中的重要性,以及利用其试验曲线(输入特性形式)作为数据源去构建准稳态数学模型的困难之处:寻找一种通用的数学表达形式,以实现①液力耦合器在额定工况及其附近的试验曲线的内插与外廷;②过渡工况液力耦合器数学模型的设计(如液力耦合器接合和脱开过程其滑差从100%向额定滑差值方向的变化)。本文介绍了人工神经网络方法在液力耦合器动态建模中的应用。文章先介绍了其数学建模的思路和要点:①选择人工神经网络算法(包括传递函数)与结构(人工神经网络隐含层数目和神经元个数);②提高人工神经网络泛化能力的措施;③利用专业知识扩充人工神经网络训练用的数据样本。然后叙述了其数学模型在某船舶动力装置稳态、动态特性计算机仿真研究中的某些有意义的结果:①正常航行(四机双桨)稳态工况时各车令下液力耦合器的滑差;②不同螺旋桨螺距下的液力耦合器接合过程的滑差变化;③怠速→前进五的急加速过程的滑差变化。 相似文献
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本文介绍了单片机测控系统所受干扰的种类和传播途径,并针对其组成部件的电路结构、功能特点、所处环境提出了具体的抗干扰技术. 相似文献
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