利用CIVIL 3D进行海港工程疏浚设计方法研究

本文在南方某海港工程港池航道工程设计中引入BIM正向设计,利用CIVIL3D建立了地形曲面和地质曲面模型,建立采样线,对地形曲面、设计曲面、地质曲面进行采样;用断面法进行疏浚工程量计算,用程序自带网格施工图及其他软件等多种方法进行校核以验证计算准确性;通过材质定义,计算不同土类疏浚量并在断面图中表示;在设计完成后,按其自带的出图功能生成断面图组,批量对其表达形式、格式、显示内容进行统一调整,提高设计工作效率及准确性。可为类似工程引进BIM进行正向设计提供参考。     

大型耙吸式挖泥船精挖施工工艺在湄洲湾航道工程中的应用

为解决大型自航耙吸式挖泥船在航道疏浚施工、特别是在跨度较大的深水航道疏浚施工中存在的严重超挖废方问题,依托大型自航耙吸式挖泥船"长鲸6"在湄洲湾30万吨级主航道疏浚施工中采取RTK无验潮、多波速测量和分层定深开挖等技术,对潮位数据、动态分层定深和测量成果等进行分析,对潮位观测站数据与施工船舶RTK无验潮实时数据进行对比纠正,探讨自航耙吸式挖泥船挖深精确控制施工技术及管理措施。     

大型自航艏吹开体泥驳开发

开体泥驳是辅助大型挖泥船疏浚施工关键设施之一。针对国内研发的4 000 m3大型自航艏吹开体泥驳，分析泥驳通过左右两个半体开启快速卸泥、在浅水区域卸泥、通过溢流筒装置实现不同装舱高度溢流、通过艏吹装置进行吹岸作业等功能特点，提出此类型船设计的关键技术，解决了船舶开体状态稳性、液压缸及泥舱密封等一系列技术难题，掌握了大型自航艏吹开体泥驳核心技术，为同类型船的设计提供借鉴。     

船载框架式整平器扫浅性能分析

国内疏浚工程趋向大型化、精细化发展,基床平整度要求越来越高。针对莱州港5万吨级航道工程,基于“航工301”小型整平船,建立CFD仿真模型,分析船载框架式整平器作用时船舶在各浪向下的水动力性能,分析对孤立浅点和浅点集中区域采取的不同施工工艺的经济效果,并进行海上试验。结果表明:在整平器的作用下,船舶的运动幅值响应算子总体较小,船舶稳定性较高;独立浅点沿2个方向过线,单边受力时,多向过线效果较好;在浅点集中区域,以S线型走线结合多方向过线,由浅至深逐段扫浅;施工周期内节省燃油约103 t、淡水约112.5 t,浅点扫除率达100%,效果显著。     

疏浚硬质黏性土制作室内试验研究

基于疏浚工程中硬质黏性土挖掘困难和生产效率低的问题,为原状土进行刀齿的切削试验,需要制备硬质黏性土土质。针对疏浚吹填淤泥含水率大和压缩性强等特征,开发了一套底部抽真空的"真空+堆载"制备技术。试验研究表明:1)制备装置效果良好,制备土质标准贯入击数达到13击,液性指数达到0.36,疏浚岩土工程特性级别为4级,性质接近疏浚工程中给施工带来困难的黏性土质,为硬质黏性土的切削试验提供了合格的模型土质。2)制备土质含水率W与无侧限抗压强度R、标准贯入击数N、土体承载力F存在较好的相关性,回归系数均在0.72以上,为流塑等状态的软弱淤泥处理处置研究提供基础技术支撑。     

辽宁农业劳动生产率变动及影响因素分析

按照时间序列分析辽宁农业劳动生产率的变动趋势，运用人均耕地面积、灌溉率、劳均化肥施用量、结构调整系数、机电提灌面积占有效灌溉面积比重等指标构建影响农业劳动生产率的模型，结果表明农业产业结构调整、劳均化肥施用量、灌溉率对劳动生产率的影响非常显著．因此，应该加快农业产业结构调整、推进科学技术在农业生产中的应用、加强农业基础设施建设、提高公共服务水平．     

How do economies of density in container handling operations affect ships’ time and emissions in port? Evidence from Norwegian container terminals

Efficient port services are prerequisites for competitive and sustainable maritime transports. This paper makes advances in studying the determinants of the time that ships spend in port and the associated emissions to air. We estimate a production model for cargo handling based on a unique dataset containing each port of call at the largest container terminals in Norway in 2014. In turn, we use auxiliary engine emission factors to estimate particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions from ships at berth, to determine how the corresponding damage costs of air pollution vary with container throughput, location, and terminal investments. We find that Norwegian container terminals operate under increasing returns to density. Small ships that unload few containers are far from reaping economies of density, leading to high marginal time requirements for container handling and consequently high marginal external costs. From a Pigouvian taxation perspective, port charges should therefore be regressive in the number of containers handled. Moreover, we find that the external costs of maritime transports are severely understated when port operations are ignored. Our model allows determining the marginal productivities of port facilities. Thereby, it is instrumental in designing port charges that are diversified according to the quantity of containers handled and the service quality (i.e., the speed of handling operations). Regarding contextual factors, we find that establishing high-frequent liner services improves the ship working rate, while simultaneous calls at a terminal impede productivity. The type of container (loading/unloading; empty/laden) also appears to influence the duration of ship working.     

避免输送黏土管线堵塞的设备和方法

绞吸船开挖输送黏性土时,如果不控制好吹填流速和浓度,就容易发生疏浚土堵管现象。为此,在总结传统防堵塞和疏通管道方法的基础上,采用试验对比等方法,设计一种特型防堵塞排泥钢管以及使用该种设备进行预防堵塞和疏通堵管的作业方法。     

The impact of muddy bottoms in ports

Ports are drivers of regional and of countries’ economic development. Most ports are built close to coastlines, where waters are shallower and tend to suffer from deposit sedimentation processes, which reduce depths in operational areas. In presence of shallow waters and sedimentation, ports must decide whether to dredge or not, where both decisions have significant impacts on ports’ annual incomes. Nevertheless, there are seabeds, namely muddy bottoms, in which vessels can navigate with a safety degree. This paper aims at investigating the extent to which the theoretical knowledge of vessel’s control in muddy waters is valid at a certain nautical bottom, as defined by the Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (since 2009 the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure but the acronym stays PIANC) and its impact on port economics. To achieve the proposed objective, an email survey was sent to worldwide pilots that manoeuvre ships in muddy waters. The survey validated the theoretical knowledge, showed that navigation in muddy waters is possible, that it can contribute to reduce ports’ operational costs, and that the subject can be rather controversial.     

长江下游福南水道港航功能调整及涉港水域平面布置

福姜沙河段是长江下游唯一的两级分汊、三汊(福南、福中和福北)并存且通航的河段,目前右汊即福南水道为主航道所在,且其右岸也是中国最大内河港苏州港张家港港区的主要作业区所在。根据长江南京以下河段12.5 m深水航道建设方案以及福南水道上口、转弯段水深不足或通航水域宽度不足的情况,结合福南水道内的港口岸线利用及泊位分布现状及其规划,本文分区段论证实际将成为专用进港航道的福南水道的航道等级及航道尺度,并对水道内港作业水域重新进行了平面布置。最后,采用数学模型对调整后的水域布置进行回淤研究,并提出初步的减淤措施。