多类型信息下的网络交通流演化模型

交通信息发布机构提供描述信息和规范信息给不同的出行者，描述信息接收者依据信息和经验更新路径行程时间认知，根据认知选择路径；规范信息接收者仅根据经验更新认知.规范信息遵从者选择推荐路径，非遵从者依据认知选择路径.两类信息遵从率都取决于信息准确度.依据非线性动力学理论分析了模型性质，研究表明，模型不动点存在但是不一定唯一，不动点状态与信息混合使用情况有关.数值试验结果表明，模型不动点与随机用户均衡点不同，以恰当比例混合使用两类信息可提高交通流稳定性.     

Toward using social media to support ridesharing services: challenges and opportunities

Ridesharing has been attracting increasing attention from both academia and industry. One of the challenges posed by the study of ridesharing is to identify the most valuable information for improving the ridesharing decisions taken by participants. Another challenge is to use harvesting techniques to extract specific types of travel-related information. Many methods have been developed by the community in order to solve these issues. However, due to a lack of information sharing between different transit authorities and the difficulty of identifying subjective perceptions of the experience of ridesharing, understanding and evaluating how social media data might support or obstruct goals for mobility, safety and environmental sustainability in ridesharing is a difficult task. In this survey, we first analyze the literature on ridesharing with a focus on the properties and model of service, and introduce a framework to describe the major components required for a ridesharing service. Then, we illustrate the potential value of information extracted from social media and present the rationale for harvesting travel-related data. Finally, we detail some possible directions and different approaches for using social media data, and highlight their assets and drawbacks.     

考虑拥堵空间排队与溢出的道路网静态交通流分配

为刻画拥堵空间排队与溢出现象对交通流分配的影响，提出考虑拥堵空间排队与溢出的道路网静态交通流分配问题，并构建相关的求解算法，用于描述交通需求在起讫点移动过程中路网整体的宏观运行状态。首先，丰富和完善考虑拥堵空间排队与溢出的静态交通流分配的相关假设，提出次生瓶颈、拥堵干扰与渗透和分段化路段阻抗等基本概念和理论，来刻画拥堵交通瓶颈、拥堵空间排队等交通现象；其次，建立网络瓶颈识别算法和空间排队回溯算法，基于此构建考虑拥堵空间排队和溢出的增量分配算法，用于求解交通流分配的结果；最后，通过使用一个具有说明型的算例进行对比分析。研究结果表明：建立的瓶颈识别、排队回溯和增量分配算法可以识别路网中的瓶颈位置及其拥堵排队区域，并可计算得到各路段上的分段分配流量；与点排队只影响瓶颈路段的运行状况和均一的路段分配结果相比，可有效描述路网整体的宏观运行状态以及由于拥堵空间排队所导致的拥堵干扰与渗透现象；不同于“时间片”的伪动态交通流分配模型，新建算法的分配结果是“全时段”与“整体性”的路网宏观运行状态，包含了拥堵瓶颈的具体位置和空间排队的干扰与渗透情况；一般拥堵点排队模型和基于“时间片”的拥堵空间排队模型难以刻画拥堵干扰与渗透现象以及路网整体的宏观运行状态，故所建立的分配方法是对传统拥堵交通流分配的丰富和发展。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

O′ZBEKISTON型机车单元制动器的技术难点及解决方案

文章分析了装用抱轮缘铸铁闸瓦的O′ZBEKISTON型机车用单元制动器的研制技术难点,通过理论分析提出了解决方案。型式试验及线路运行实践证明该单元制动器能够满足O′ZBEKISTON型机车的运用要求。     

EH4与地震反射法在高速公路长大深埋隧道勘察中的联合应用研究

EH4电磁成像系统是一套目前较先进的电磁勘探方法,具有探测深度大、设备轻、速度快、费用低、精度较高、直观等特点。地震反射法具有探测深度大、对地形要求不高、可划分多层界面、能提供波速、精度较高等特点。文章首次把EH4电磁法与地震反射法联合运用于高速公路长大深埋隧道勘察中,两者结果基本一致,由此成功解译出了隧道的软弱层、地下水及断层破碎带的位置,并划分出隧道的围岩类别,为高速公路长大深埋隧道提供了一种新的综合勘察方法。     

气象信息在船舶管理中的应用

从船舶航行安全、可靠性角度考虑，一个重要的影响因素是航行船舶所在海域的气象状况，因此气象信息对于船舶调度管理起到非常积极重要的作用。如何获取气象信息，并把获取的气象信息融合到电子海图显示平台中，对于航行船舶的监控和管理显得十分有意义。针对如何获取气象信息及如何与电子海图叠加显示两方面的内容进行了论述。     

填石路堤的摊铺工艺研究

填石路堤的施工工艺是路堤工程质量控制的一个重要方面,施工工艺控制的好坏直接影响着施工质量。其中,摊铺工艺尤为重要。     

组件式GIS空间查询与分析包的设计与实现

在组件式技术成熟和空间查询语言规范化的今天,越来越多的GIS系统不再满足于现有的空间查询与分析能力。组件式GIS空间查询分析开发包?S-GIS的Queries包提供了一组API接口可供GIS系统二次开发人员使用。该组件包提供一个轻量级的SQL解释器来对内存中要进行查询的SQL语句进行解释执行。本文介绍了Queries包的特色,并且将它与Oracle10g,ArcGIS等软件的空间查询部分做了一些简单比较。     

面向上海国际航运中心的洋山综合信息服务平台

介绍了洋山深水港面向国际航运中心,建设洋山综合信息服务平台的现实要求和建设基础,并详尽地叙述了洋山综合信息服务平台的主要功能和建设内容,以及洋山综合信息服务平台的积极意义和重要作用。