道岔控制电路分布电容探讨

分布式电容随道岔控制距离变长而增加,电容堆积对道岔表示继电器正常工作造成极大影响,通过对分布式电容形成原因的理论探讨,得出影响分布式电容容值的因素,并提出工程应用中降低和解决分布式电容方法,对于提高交流道岔控制电路表示可靠性有积极意义。     

Assessment of factors associated with travel time reliability and prediction: an empirical analysis using probabilistic reasoning approach

Significant efforts have been made in modeling a travel time distribution and establishing measures of travel time reliability (TTR). However, the literature on evaluating the factors affecting TTR is not well established. Accordingly, this paper presents an empirical analysis to determine potential factors that are associated with TTR. This study mainly applies the Bayesian Networks model to assess the probabilistic association between road geometry, traffic data, and TTR. The results from this model reveal that land use characteristics, intersection factors, and posted speed limits are directly associated with TTR. Evaluating the strength of the association between TTR and the directly related variables, the log odds ratio analysis indicates that the land use factor has the highest impact (0.83) followed by the intersection factor (0.57). The findings from this study can provide valuable resources to planners and traffic operators in their decision-making to improve TTR with quantitative evidence.     

基于Markov的系统级动力定位控制系统可靠性分析

针对Markov模型在处理大型冗余系统可靠性问题时会遭遇系统状态量过大,计算耗费时间长,甚至无法有效计算等问题,提出将冗余DP控制系统进行有效分割,分别建立主、备控制系统的Markov模型,进而结合分系统的故障率建立系统级的Markov分析模型。该策略将子系统作为独立的可靠性分析单元,无需获取复杂DP控制系统的所有状态量,大幅减少了系统状态转移的分析量,从而可有效提高冗余控制系统可靠性分析的效率。     

基于概率密度演化的斜拉索多级变幅时变疲劳可靠度分析

拉索是斜拉桥的主要受力构件,在车辆、风等交变荷载作用下易发生多级变幅疲劳损伤,而经典可靠度方法预测多级变幅时变疲劳可靠度难度大且计算效率低。针对这一问题,提出一种高效的多级变幅斜拉索时变疲劳可靠度预测方法。基于Miner累积损伤理论,建立同时考虑荷载和材料随机性的变幅疲劳损伤概率演化模型;构建应力幅出现频率指标,解决多级变幅疲劳损伤演化过程中偏微分方程难以确定问题,通过概率密度演化方法精确计算多级变幅时变疲劳可靠度,并采用五级变幅材料试验数据和某桥梁斜拉索的模拟数据验证所提方法的可行性。结果表明:所提方法的计算效率远高于蒙特卡洛方法;在小概率失效时,其计算精度高于蒙特卡洛方法。     

基于剩余寿命可靠度的地铁车辆设备多部件趋近机会维修策略

当前地铁车辆的检修存在着过修和欠修的现象。在分析车辆设备全寿命的基础上,以全寿命周期单位时间维修费用最低为目标,建立了基于剩余寿命可靠度的预防性维修周期模型,并针对多部件维修周期问题提出了应用于多部件整体的趋近机会维修策略。通过算例分析,验证了模型的合理性和可用性,以及趋近机会维修策略的有效性。     

川藏铁路工程物资供应保障策略的系统动力学仿真研究

川藏铁路工程建设所需物资运距远、运量大、风险高,物资供应保障需要综合考虑道路和仓储的可靠性问题。分析川藏铁路物资供应的特点及关键影响因素,采用系统动力学方法构建包括物资供应、施工进度、施工技术等3个子系统的物资供应保障模型,对3种组合策略进行了仿真分析。研究结果表明:构建的系统动力学模型可靠有效,路网和物资转运基地相互配合可有效提高物资运输的可靠性,工地物资库存量与工程进度动态挂钩有利于减少工程窝工。     

基于全数检验与定时截尾试验的地铁列车整车可靠性验收方法

提出地铁列车可靠性验收的基本条件,分别介绍了基于定时截尾试验、序贯截尾试验和全数检验的3种经典的可靠性验收方法;提出基于全数检验和定时截尾试验的地铁列车整车可靠性验收方法,设计了可靠性验收的流程;以某一具体项目为例,对该可靠性验收方法进行了验证。结果证明:基于全数检验与定时截尾试验的地铁列车整车可靠性验收方法是有效的,可以节省试验时间。     

舰船电力系统可靠性研究初探

本文讨论了舰船电力系统可靠性研究的需求和必要性,讨论了国内外的研究现状;根据陆地电力系统可靠性研究的经验和内容,在分析舰船电力系统的区别和特殊需求后,探讨了舰船电力系统可靠性的研究内容以及研究思路和步骤;以船舶电网的拓扑结构设计中的可靠性研究为例,介绍了各种可靠性指标的计算方法;最后对未来的研究提出方向。     

沉管隧道变截面管段浮运水流力及系缆桩可靠性分析

为探索沉管隧道变截面管段浮运过程的水流力与系缆桩可靠性,以广州洲头咀沉管隧道为依托,借助CFD软件建立流体动力学模型,计算管段横向浮运所受的水流力并探讨规范水流力公式的适用性;以此为基础,利用ANSYS开展管段浮运系缆桩可靠性分析。研究表明： 1) 规范水流力公式具备一定的适用性,采用结构形式为矩形梁时对应的水流阻力系数会导致与数值计算结果存在不容忽视的差别,通过CFD计算结果修正后两者吻合较好; 2) 系缆桩处于弹性受力状态,刚度与强度均未被削弱,设计方案可满足浮运安全要求; 3) 钢丝绳拉力作用下管段结构混凝土处于带裂缝工作状态,需基于计算结果对系缆桩预埋件锚固区做局部加强以抑制裂缝发展。     

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.