地震作用下高速铁路桥梁的动力响应及行车安全性研究

将桥梁在地震作用下的运动方程和车辆振动方程，通过桥梁子系统与车辆子系统间的非线性轮轨接触关系联系起来，建立可考虑多点激励与行波效应的车桥系统地震反应动力学分析模型。以某高速铁路连续梁桥为例，对非一致地震激励下桥梁结构的动力响应及桥上车辆运行安全性进行研究，提出确保地震发生时高速列车在桥上安全运行的临界速度限值，可供实际工程设计时参考。     

数值分析结合自动化监测技术在地铁下穿工程中的应用

为确保地铁双线盾构隧道长距离平行下穿既有建筑物的安全,采用FLAC3D有限差分软件建立模型,获得施工过程中地铁盾构隧道所引起的该建筑结构的变形规律及影响范围,并提出针对性的监测方案。结果表明:(1)根据理论计算及实际监测,盾构隧道施工对既有建筑结构的影响范围为隧道上方及两侧20 m横向范围,因此应对该范围内的建筑结构进行重点监测;(2)为降低由于盾构施工造成的地层损失,及时对区间下穿既有建筑段下方隧道拱部管片外侧地层进行二次注浆加固很有必要,通过监测可知,该建筑结构最大绝对沉降值约为9.5 mm,最大差异性沉降值为10.5 mm,均满足评估单位给出的安全指标;(3)采用自动化监测手段,实时掌握建筑物的变形数据,通过调整盾构推力、土仓压力、掘进速度等掘进施工参数,最大程度降低对既有建筑结构的扰动。     

摩托车道路行驶阻力分析与测量

分析了摩托车道路行驶阻力的数学模型,并在天津摩托车技术中心试验场对某125型摩托车采用滑行能量法进行了滑行参数测量。用最小二乘法拟合出摩托车的行驶阻力曲线,并将该曲线在不同速度下的阻力数值与当量惯量法的阻力数值进行了比较,二者达到了很好的统一。     

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

汽车硅油风扇离合器性能试验方法研究和测试台研制

通过对汽车硅油风扇离合器工况的模拟和高效测试方法的研究,研制测试其各项技术参数的数控自动测试台。实现对产品性能的自动、高效、准确的判定。     

仑-大区间隧道过河段盾构掘进难点及措施

文章以广州市轨道交通四号线大学城专线中,仑头至大学城区间右线隧道为例,介绍盾构机过仑头海掘进和在江底被困情况,阐述盾构机过河段掘进难点及处理措施,可供类似工程借鉴。     

轨道交通接运公交专线现状特性分析

文章通过对广州市地铁接运公交专线现状的调研，分析了我国大城市轨道交通接运公交的现状特性及影响其运营性能的各种因素，探讨了提高运营性能的方法，为类似城市轨道交通接运公交专线的规划提供参考。     

Bus congestion, optimal infrastructure investment and the choice of a fare collection system in dedicated bus corridors

Microeconomic optimisation of scheduled public transport operations has traditionally focused on finding optimal values for the frequency of service, capacity of vehicles, number of lines and distance between stops. In addition, however, there exist other elements in the system that present a trade-off between the interests of users and operators that have not received attention in the literature, such as the optimal selection of a fare payment system and a designed running speed (i.e., the cruising speed that buses maintain in between two consecutive stops). Alternative fare payment methods (e.g., on-board and off-board, payment by cash, magnetic strip or smart card) have different boarding times and capital costs, with the more efficient systems such as a contactless smart card imposing higher amounts of capital investment. Based on empirical data from several Bus Rapid Transit systems around the world, we also find that there is a positive relationship between infrastructure cost per kilometre and commercial speed (including stops), achieved by the buses, which we further postulate as a linear relationship between infrastructure investment and running speed. Given this context, we develop a microeconomic model for the operation of a bus corridor that minimises total cost (users and operator) and has five decision variables: frequency, capacity of vehicles, station spacing, fare payment system and running speed, thus extending the traditional framework. Congestion, induced by bus frequency, plays an important role in the design of the system, as queues develop behind high demand bus stops when the frequency is high. We show that (i) an off-board fare payment system is the most cost effective in the majority of circumstances; (ii) bus congestion results in decreased frequency while fare and bus capacity increase, and (iii) the optimal running speed grows with the logarithm of demand.     

燃气轮机发电机组并联优化设计

本文分析了某船的燃气轮机发电机组的调压和调频调载原理,以及在双机并联运行时的无功分配和有功分配原理,针对两舷电站的发电机组不能长时间并联运行的局限性,提出发电机并联优化设计方案：通过增加一套均压/均功连接控制器以及修改少量接线,而无需修改原系统的软件,使任意并联发电机组之间均可进行有效的无功功率和有功功率平均分配,从而能够长时间并联运行,提高供电生命力。     

高速列车机车车辆的牵引性能

在采用感应电动机作为牵引电动机时,牵引与电制动特性不仅取决于感应电动机的参数,还取决于逆变器的性能。由于逆变器无法将直流转换为一个理想的交流值,必须考虑谐波的产生以及类似问题。分析认为高速列车最显著的变化是彻底减小了运行阻力。500系新干线列车的运行阻力约是0系的一半。最新的新干线列车以300km·h-1速度运行,却比0系新干线列车甚至其他国家的高速列车耗能少。