海员劳务输出面临的机遇与中国航海教育改革

章分析了国际海员劳务市场的情况，讨论了中国海员劳务外派的发展前景和面临的困难以及中国海员的弱点，提出了对我国航海教育和船员培训进行改革的若干设想。     

我国海员劳务外派的现状及对策

分析了我国海员劳务外派的现状及存在的几个方面的问题,提出强化我国海员劳务外派应采取加强船员管理,健全劳务体制;加大资金投入力度,扩大办学规模;加强海员培训,提高海员素质等对策。     

中国海员外派劳务质量策略探讨

在简要介绍中国海员劳务外派业务的现状基础上,分析了中国外派海员劳务竞争力,并从营销的角度探讨了提高中国海员外派劳务质量的措施与建议.     

建立海员代理中心的思考

一、海员劳务市场之现状 随着国际航运业的发展,国际海员日益缺乏。据有关资料统计,目前世界船队需要船员100万以上,其中高级船员约占40％,普通船员约占60％。据预测,从现在起到2000年,国际航运海员市场大约缺少30多万高级船员和40多万普通船员。发达国家基于船员紧缺、船员费用高等问题,他们一方面大力加强船舶现代化,减少在船编制人员;另一方面则积极从发展中国家输入船员劳务,使得国际海员劳务市场日渐东移。 已于1997年2月1日生效的《STCW/95国际公约》,对航运公司的船员素质又提出了新的要求,给国际航海教育培训和船员劳务市场带来新的变化,国际海员劳务市场正朝着有利于我国海员外派的方向发展。由于长期受计划经济体制的影响,我国过去在国际海员劳务市场中占有份额较少。积极参与国际竞争,扩展海员劳务的国际份额,这无疑是摆在我们面前的极好机遇。     

开放海员证申领的必要性

阐述海员证的意义、地位及世界航运环境变化现状,认为《中华人民共和国海员证管理办法》对海员证的管理模式已经不适应我国航运企业发展和进入国际海员劳务市场的需要,提出改革现有海员证管理办法建议：设定海员证申报新程序;放宽海员证申领范围;建立国家海员劳务数据库;将海员证管理工作纳入船员考试、评估和发证质量管理体系。     

关于中小型海员劳务企业竞争力的探讨

竞争是市场经济环境下企业生存和成长的方式，企业要在市场上生存和成长，必须具备应有的竞争力。竞争力来源是形成企业竞争力的因素，是培育企业竞争力的目标和方向所在。本文根据企业竞争力来源模型，对海员劳务企业的竞争力来源进行了深入分析，并分别从企业内部资源和外部资源两个方面提出了中小型海员劳务企业的竞争力培育策略。     

打击外派海员市场黑中介的法律探讨

<正>外派海员市场黑中介现象及危害外派海员市场黑中介是指未取得外派海员资质,从事外派海员劳务,以片面追求经济利益为目的,不遵守有关船员服务、劳务外派及劳动保障等方面的法律法规,其行为侵害了船员利益的单位或个人。据调查,目前我国从事外派海员劳务的     

我国海员劳务输出现状分析

现代航运的发展,使更快的船舶和更大的运输能力投入经营,也使得对适任船员的要求和国际劳务发生了很大变化.中国作为第四大航运大国,拥有十分丰富海员人力资源,但每年参加外派的船员仅占国际船员人数的5%.本文通过对世界海员劳务输出市场现状及发展趋势的分析,又结合我国海员劳务输出市场存在的问题,提出了改善我国海员劳务输出的几点建议.     

2006年海事劳工公约对我国海员劳务外派产业的影响

2006年《海事劳工公约》的通过对于保护全球海员根本利益和促进国际海运业的可持续发展具有重要的意义。公约涉及的范围非常广泛,本文试图以其对我国海员劳务外派产业的影响为切入点,探讨我国现行立法和管理机制与公约存在的差距,从而提出一些初步的设想与合理化建议。     

减免海员个人所得税的分析与建议

一支高素质的海员队伍是我国建设海洋强国的人才保障,但当下我国却呈现出海员严重流失的态势。我国目前尚未制定与国际接轨的海员个税减免政策,海员个税负担沉重,实际收入不具有国际竞争力,这是海员流失严重的一个直接促因。分析我国为海员减免个税力度不足的表现,并探讨为海员减免个税的必要性,最后提出三项政策建议,以呼吁国家提高关注并及时出台优惠政策,提高海员职业吸引力,促进海员队伍健康发展。     

浅谈当前外派船员市场的可持续发展

文中通过对我国和国外船员发展情况现状的研究,分析我国海员外派存在的问题及原因,提出整改建议和发展方向,以便于船员市场能够可持续、健康地发展。     

The reform of Chinese state-owned ship crewing agencies and implications for China’s seafaring labour export

ABSTRACT

With the economic reform in China, the international shipping industry and some academics anticipated, as early as the 1990s, that Chinese seafarers would flood the world’s seafaring labour market. However, China’s seafarer export has been far lower than these expectations. This article seeks to explain this lack of development through research into the management strategies of two major ship crewing agencies in China, which have been reformed to different degrees, and the experience of the seafarers who work for them. To examine this question, 86 interviews of managers and seafarers were conducted in two Chinese state-owned crewing agencies (SCAs) between 2008 and 2013. The studies demonstrate that despite the economic reform in China, the SCAs were still supported and constrained by institutions at higher levels, instead of becoming independent, market-oriented economic entities, which constrained the development of foreign manning business. This partly explains the limited rate of increase of China’s seafarer export.     

谈高级值班水手和值班机工职位对我国海员外派的影响及建议

文中介绍高级值班水手和高级值班机工的产生背景,分析高级值班水手和高级值班机工发展现状及趋势,针对部分船旗国对高级值班水手和高级机工配员要求的变化,阐述对海员外派机构所产生的影响,并提出应对措施的建议。     

谈船员服务机构的海事日常监管

为了进一步维护好广大船员的合法权益,增强对船员服务机构职能的认识,不断规范其日常服务行为,文中深入分析船员服务机构的特点和监管难点,并针对性地提出应对措施。     

Transformations and continuities of issues related to Chinese participation in the global seafarers’ labour market

Since the 1990s, Chinese seafarers have become a force to be reckoned with in the global seafarer labour market, particularly against the backdrop of the manning crisis. Compared with other groups of seafarers dominating the market such as the Filipinos and the Indians, they are commonly associated with perceptions of low cost, poor English skills, different safety/work culture, problems with the International Transport Workers’ Federation, etc. This article identifies transformations and continuities of problems related to Chinese seafarers in the global market in the last two decades or so by reviewing relevant Lloyd’s List reports as well as official documents and previous research. The review shows that Chinese authorities have been taking various initiatives to take advantage of the manning crisis and to expand and promote seafarer education, supply and export, which in general serve to make seafarers better educated and improve their communication skills. Although such initiatives have helped increase seafaring labour export, the success is nevertheless limited by tight government control on recruitment, which makes some foreign managers reluctant to employ Chinese seafarers.     

Participation in the global labour market: experience and responses of chinese seafarers

Regarding their participation in the global labour market, this paper draws attention to the complexity of Chinese seafarer composition and experience. How do they approach the opportunities available? What is the linkage between working for the national fleet and working onboard foreign vessels? Which factors influence their participation? The above issues are addressed by a questionnaire survey conducted in the Port of Hong Kong in 2002/2003. There are many findings from this survey. First, differing from the sole employment pattern of state-owned enterprise (SOE) in the past, a new group, called non-state-owned (NSO) seafarers, is emerging with the target of international recruitment. Second, Chinese seafarers driven by both supply and demand factors desire to engage fully in the global labour market. Third, Chinese seafarers are embarrassed and confused by income inequality both internationally and nationally, which is partly related to the mismanagement in its recruitment. Fourth, a lack of multi-national environments also constrains them from English improvement and professional development.     

市场经济的产物——专业船员公司

计划经济时期的船员管理体制已不能适应我国现今市场经济时代和国际航运市场的发展。专业化船员公司是我国航运企业生存和发展的必然产物。把船员作为一种人力资源,传统的航运企业应该通过船员体制改革,达到从拥有船员资源到控制船员资源的转变,盘活船员资源,让它在船员劳务市场中健康发展。     

中国应对高素质船员可持续发展的对策

文章在分析国内外海员市场现状及我国海船高级船员供应能力的基础上，从航海教育的角度，结合我国航海教育与培训实践，探讨了解决高素质船员可持续发展的问题的途径，并展望了未来高等航海教育发展的方向。     

海上安全和保安新形势下船员档案管理面临的机遇与挑战

从保障航运安全的角度考虑,船员档案管理有其突出的地位和作用。本文阐述并分析了我国船员档案管理的现状、管理的方式、存在的不足及面临的机遇和挑战,为我国船员档案管理的建设能够适应当前国际海运安全新形势的要求提供了一些借鉴和参考。     

海员心理健康的研究

本文对海员心理健康研究方法、海员心理健康现状及其影响因素、海员心理卫生保障等方面进行了回顾与展望，提出了保障海员心理卫生的相关建议，为海员心理健康的深入研究提供借鉴。