转变理念 锐意改革——大力推进我国船员队伍发展

今年六月，中国高等航海教育迎来了自己的百年华诞。我国的航海教育培训质量高，规模大，培养形式多样，造就了大量的高级航海人才，为打造我国高素质海员队伍奠定了坚实的基础。目前，我国船员素质已得到了全球航运业的普遍认可，树立了“中国船员”的良好形象。交通运输部海事局作为我国的船员主管部门，一直高度重视船员发展工作，大力扶持航海教育，积极应对高素质海员世界性紧缺的局面，转变理念，锐意改革，努力营造船员发展的良好环境，为推动船员发展、促进航运繁荣做了大量工作。     

中国海员资源以及航海教育的对策分析

面临国际市场新形势对中国船员的挑战，从而对中国航海教育提出了新的要求。航海院校与航运企业“订单式”培养和合作办学是培养航海人才重要的途径和教育模式。文章从船员市场资源现状入手，对我国航海教育的现状、内容、对策和值得注意的问题作了简扼的分析。     

世界性高级船员的短缺与国家的航海教育政策

目前世界性高级船员短缺的现象正在不断加剧，有关国家为适应国际海员劳务市场和ＳＴＣＷ９５公约的需求已制定了相应的航海教育政策。本文在分析世界性高级船员短缺的主要原因的基础上，论述了荷兰政府采取的支持和保护使用本国船员的航海教育政策和菲律宾政府采取的以提高海员训练标准为重点的政策，并就我国航海教育的现状及潜在的优势阐述了作者的看法     

我国远洋高级船员供求关系预测分析与对策

此文利用航海院校航海类专业招生规模数据和海船船员发证数量对我国远洋高级船员的供给现状进行了分析;采用二次指数平滑法对我国未来5年远洋船队的发展进行了预测,进一步计算出未来5年所需的远洋高级船员数;分析了我国远洋高级船员的供求关系,得出结论,我国远洋高级船员的富余量将快速增加,进而提出了从教育培训机构分工、师资建设、教育培训投入规模、教育资源共享、国际教育培训机构引进等方面深入探讨了中国航海教育培训机制改革的方法,促进船员劳务输出事业的发展,解决我国远洋高级船员供求比例失衡问题的有效方法。     

建立以高等航海职业教育为主体的航海教育体系

结合学习交通部海事局颁布的《加快船员队伍发展十大措施》和中国航海教育的现状，提出应建立以高等航海职业教育为主体的航海教育体系，从政策和资源上给予保障，提高高等航海职业教育的船员人才培养水平，使高等航海职业教育成为中国职业船员培养的主力军。     

我国船员需求状况调查分析

分析了国际、国内航运业发展形势，对国内外船员需求进行预测：发达国家高级船员严重缺乏，需要大量发展中国家的高级船员，这给我国船员和从事未来船员培养工作的航海教育带来了新的机遇和挑战。     

关于本科航海教育若干问题的思考

分析当前围扰航运企业的航海类专业毕业生不愿上船的问题及中国船员在国际船员劳务市场的竞争中所处的劣势，提出了我国高等航海教育目前应当着重解决的几个问题，并对航海类专业招生改革的必要性和可行性进行探讨。     

发展我国航海高职教育的思考

航海高职教育是我国航海教育的霞要组成部分，其改革发展之路艰难曲折。面对新的形势，航海高职教育应把握机遇、迎接挑战、不断改革、锐意进取，为我国实现船员强国的目标，义不容辞地肩负起自己的历史使命。本文就我国航海高职教育中的几个主要问题进行探讨。     

船员教育与培训质量标准体系研究

回顾了联合国国际海事组织STCW公约关于各缔约国船员教育和培训质量的条款,介绍了国际上船员教育和培训质量标准体系的相关情况,对我国航海院校航海教育质量标准体系的情况进行了分析,总结了质量体系运行的效果和问题,比较了不同质量标准体系的特点,提出新形势下我国航海教育和培训质量标准体系健康发展的建议。     

航运企业船员培训与机制创新设想

航运企业船员培训机构是航海教育培训体系中的重要组成部分，企业与高等航海院校互动式发展，弥补了高等航海教育实践环节的不足。但是，航运企业船员培训机制的落后导致船员培训工作效率低下，观念偏差使船员培训方向不明确，职责不明制约了管理的规范化。因此，必须摆正船员培训在企业发展中的位置，制定船员培训、培养的中长期规划；制度先行，形成良好的企业化氛围；充分发挥企业教育培训机构的作用。章同时对船员培训机制创新和培训流程规范化提出了见解。     

航海教育模式及航海院校管理体制的比较研究

随着ＳＴＣＷ 新公约的生效和实施,航海教育改革在世界范围展开。本文从航海教育模式和院校管理体制两个视角比较研究国内外航海教育的经验和特点,阐述中国航海教育改革的必要性和迫切性     

Conceptual framework for Comparing University baccalaureate programmes in shipping management

For a long time, a maritime education meant the education of a mariner where technical knowledge of seafaring was taught. However, shipping has evolved into a global and sophisticated business where two kinds of managers are required: one that deals with the operation of the vessel and the other that deals with the shore-side business. The education landscape for shipping has also evolved with time. A mariner’s education has evolved from apprenticeship on a ship to a professional certificate from maritime academies. The shore-side business is traditionally staffed by master mariners that made the career transition from sea to shore but the current staffing trend is to employ graduates schooled in business and/or management. It has been long recognised that shore-side business personnel should ideally be also knowledgeable in vessel operations. Under this scenario, several maritime degree programmes have cropped up around the world to bridge the knowledge gap of shore-side business personnel. This paper provides an overview of the evolution of maritime education and selected maritime degree programmes around the world and proposes a conceptual framework for comparing the programmes. The conceptual framework serves as a guide for evaluating maritime education and an aid to curriculum design where choices of courses need to be made to fit into a 3-year or 4-year study programme.     

中国航海家的摇篮

在中国，有这样一所高校，被誉为“中国航海家的摇篮”，被国际海事组织认定为世界上少数几所“享有国际盛誉”的海事院校，她就是大连海事大学。     

New-Level VR Marine Training System

Marine simulator is a valuable and effective medium for maritime education and training and is becoming widespread to foster the qualified and competent personnel for working in the maritime industry.However,many problems with most marine simulation systems today limit their pervasive use:the limited accessibility,immobility,the high expenditure,the long develop- meat cycle,and the difficult maintenance etc.A web-based maritime training environment is proposed in this paper as a new ma- rine training level,which fully combining web technology,VR,high fidelity simulation,and e-learning tools to create a more cost- effective and flexible training environment still with very realistic and high-interactive simulation characteristics,the system will provide a consistent and more flexible training medium for improving maritime education and training.     

Proficiency improvement method in maritime education

The research conducted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) shows that maritime education not always reaches its pre-established goal. One of the aspects in maritime education development process with the aim to prepare ship officers and other specialists is a thorough selection of the learning content according to real life necessities. Structuring the learning content of the subjects, both significant to profession and conforming to the requirements set by professional bodies, is one of the key issues addressed by curriculum developers. The aim of this research is to create a model for the curriculum development in scientific subjects for outcome-based maritime education. The main criterion which determines the significance/contribution level of the included topic in the curriculum is the anticipated learning outcome increasing the level of proficiency in students. Thus, the present research unveils the necessary steps for the evaluation of the proposed topics in the context of teaching/learning and gives grounds for their selection and the arrangement of topics in a logical order for further implementation in teaching/learning process. The present research is illustrated by a case study concerning the development of teaching/learning content for chemistry curriculum as a study subject in the secondary vocational maritime education programme.     

航海模拟器的现状与展望

该文根据世界各海运国家现有航海模拟器的现状和它们教学培训中的实际使用情况，以及新修订的１９７８年国际海员培训、发证和值班标准公约中有关航海模拟器教学培训的要求，简要地介绍了航海模拟器的现状及其在教学培训中的应用，并就航海模拟器在日后的发展及其在教学培训中的新应用作了展望。同时还就如何改进和发展我国航海模拟器及相应的教学培训工作，使其适应国内外海运事业发展的需要提出了几点设想。     

论海上交通安全的社会营销

分析许多重大海上交通事故的原因,多数是由人为因素所致。传统的交通安全管理方法往往通过安全教育以及实施法律的形式来保证航运安全。针对传统方法在具体安全宣传、教育和培训中体现出的临时性、无系统、片面性以及立法工作滞后性的问题,为了提高海上交通安全管理水平,将社会营销的理念应用到海上交通安全管理中。这种方式以消费者定位为核心,同时促进了安全宣传、安全教育和安全培训活动,甚至还刺激了安全立法工作的进行。从确定海上交通安全营销目标、明确实施活动的障碍、制定使目标受众行为改变的有效营销策略、评价实施效果这4个方面,详细地阐述了如何实施海上交通安全的社会营销。     

试论海事行政处罚教育目的的实现

由于缺乏对海事行政处罚的后续监管，导致海事行政处罚的教育盯的采能实现，造成被处罚船舶同一违法行为重复发生。文中通过原因分析，提出监管措施，以期达到实现海事行政处罚的惩戒和教育的双重目的．     

谈海事普法教育工作新理念——“执法普法”

文中指出了目前海事普法教育工作存在的主要问题,提出了海事“执法普法”的新理念,最后提出了以“执法普法”提高海事普法教育工作实效的几点措施.     

The relationship between maritime education and employer trust: the structural equation modelling (SEM) perspective

The research is aimed to identify factors in the maritime education and training (MET) system and its relationship on maritime labour employers’ (MLEs) trust based on current practice in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was used, and the respondents were the participants of a related conference in Malaysia. The structural equation modelling technique was used to explain the relationships in the stipulated research model. The test of structural model confirms that the model is adequate in explaining the MLEs’ trust. The results reveal that the perceived MET institutions’ efficiency has significant direct effects on the MLEs’ trust and the perceived seafarers’ competency. In addition, the perceived implementation of International Convention was found to significantly affect the seafarers’ competency. However, the perceived seafarers’ competency was not found to directly affect the MLEs’ trust. This study suggests that the MLEs’ trust is an important indicator and feedback on it can be used to further enhance the current MET system and its policies. Thus, one of the strategies is to develop a policy in order to achieve an effective maritime education and training. This is to support the maritime communities in progressing towards a more sustainable development in the MET in the context of enhancing the maritime safety.