影响车辆转向瞬态响应特性的因素研究

利用ADAMS/CAR二次开发模块,建立了国产某小客车的整车多体系统动力学仿真模型。分析了车辆转向盘角阶跃输入和脉冲输入时的瞬态响应特性,并对相关的影响因素进行了预测分析,通过调整后轮侧倾刚度等参数,优化转向瞬态特性响应结果,经过样车的试验验证了优化结果。     

单轨车辆驾驶员单点预瞄模型的参数优化

使用ADAMS软件建立摩托车的模型,并利用MATLAB软件建立驾驶员模型,构成驾驶员-车辆模型。采用MATLAB和ADAMS协同仿真,得出单移线和双移线工况实际行驶轨迹和手把力矩、侧倾力矩、转向角、侧倾角、横向加速度等。建立了摩托车移线工况的性能综合评价指标,并用此指标对摩托车在不同运动状况下的性能进行评价。以驾驶员模型反馈系数为设计变量,采用正交设计方法优选出一组参数。     

基于最小二乘法的车辆瞬态燃油消耗估计EI北大核心CSCD

精确的车辆瞬态燃油消耗估计是车辆节能控制研究的基础,稳态燃油消耗模型受燃油发动机的非线性工作特性、驾驶员的驾驶习惯、车辆行驶的环境、车辆行驶状态、车辆负载等多种因素影响,计算的瞬态燃油消耗与实际燃油消耗偏差较大,现有瞬态油耗模型参数不易标定,因此本文中通过车辆速度与加速度构建了一种新的瞬态燃油消耗估计模型。采用最小二乘法对模型中的参数进行求解,为进一步降低瞬态燃油消耗率的估计偏差,引入指数速度衰减的加权因子,即采用带指数衰减因子的最小二乘法求解油耗模型中的参数,并通过实车试验对瞬态油耗估计方法进行验证。试验结果表明,基于最小二乘法的油耗模型可精确地估计车辆瞬态油耗,带指数速度衰减因子的最小二乘法可进一步降低油耗模型的油耗估计偏差,且估计精度受车辆行驶状态和道路环境等因素影响较小。     

横向稳定杆建模方法研究

在悬架侧倾特性分析中建立了基于ADAMS软件平台的某车辆前悬架仿真分析模型,其中横向稳定杆结构分别采用三种不同方法进行建模。悬架侧倾特性的仿真及试验分析结果表明,采用基于模态叠加和基于铁木辛科梁理论的稳定杆柔性体模型精度较高,而在基于材料特性的稳定杆刚体模型中加入修正系数可以提高仿真精度,使计算结果达到要求。     

基于最小二乘法的车辆瞬态燃油消耗估计

精确的车辆瞬态燃油消耗估计是车辆节能控制研究的基础,稳态燃油消耗模型受燃油发动机的非线性工作特性、驾驶员的驾驶习惯、车辆行驶的环境、车辆行驶状态、车辆负载等多种因素影响,计算的瞬态燃油消耗与实际燃油消耗偏差较大,现有瞬态油耗模型参数不易标定,因此本文中通过车辆速度与加速度构建了一种新的瞬态燃油消耗估计模型。采用最小二乘法对模型中的参数进行求解,为进一步降低瞬态燃油消耗率的估计偏差,引入指数速度衰减的加权因子,即采用带指数衰减因子的最小二乘法求解油耗模型中的参数,并通过实车试验对瞬态油耗估计方法进行验证。试验结果表明,基于最小二乘法的油耗模型可精确地估计车辆瞬态油耗,带指数速度衰减因子的最小二乘法可进一步降低油耗模型的油耗估计偏差,且估计精度受车辆行驶状态和道路环境等因素影响较小。     

客车轮胎建模和对侧倾稳定性的影响研究

客车轮胎与客车整车的侧倾稳定性有密切联系,ADAMS是典型的动力学虚拟样机仿真软件。介绍了在ADAMS中建立非线性轮胎的方法,在ADAMS中建立客车整车模型,通过改变整车模型中轮胎的刚度和阻尼,研究客车轮胎对整车侧倾稳定性的影响,从而为设计出符合性能要求的客车轮胎提供一定的理论依据。     

汽车侧倾稳定主动控制系统的仿真研究

在ADAMS/Car下建立了前、后悬架都装有主动横向稳定杆的95自由度虚拟整车模型.采用模糊PID控制策略,在MATLAB/Simulink环境中对车辆抗侧倾性能进行了联合仿真,实现了PID控制过程中参数的在线整定.仿真结果表明,模糊PID控制具有较强的自适应能力和抗干扰能力,可有效减小车身侧倾角,在保证乘坐舒适性的同时提高了车辆的行驶稳定性.     

车辆系统垂向与横向耦合的侧倾状态估计

为有效解决复杂行驶工况下车辆耦合侧倾运动状态无法精确获取,进而对车辆系统操纵稳定性与乘坐舒适性兼顾优化无法提供准确输入的难题,本文中设计了基于车辆垂向与横向耦合动力学的双非线性状态观测器算法,以实现复杂行驶工况下车辆耦合侧倾运动状态的实时准确估计。首先,建立了路面激励模型与整车系统垂向与横向耦合动力学模型;接着,利用无迹卡尔曼滤波方法(UKF)与非线性模糊观测(T-S)理论,设计了非线性状态观测算法,以在不同路面激励工况下对车辆系统簧载质量与侧倾状态进行联合估计;最后,运用CarSim■动力学软件,对比分析了在标准A级与C级路面上进行J-turn试验工况下,采用联合状态观测器(UKF&T-S)实时估计车辆侧倾角与侧倾率的观测精度。结果表明,本文所设计的UKF&T-S观测器可有效估计车辆侧倾状态,且与CarSim■仿真数据相比识别状态标准偏差不超过10%。     

车辆侧倾状态估计的研究

针对复杂行驶工况下车辆侧倾状态无法准确测取,因而对车辆侧倾无法有效控制的问题,本文中利用车辆耦合动力学与模糊T-S理论,设计了基于模型的T-S状态观测器算法,实现了复杂工况下车辆侧倾状态的实时有效观测。首先,构建了不同路面激励与转向盘转角工况下的车辆垂向与横向运动学模型;接着,在考虑轮胎受力具有强非线性特点的基础上,提出了基于T-S理论的轮胎T-S模型,并采用"魔术公式"对其进行了仿真验证;然后,基于轮胎T-S模型与整车动力学模型,利用贝叶斯理论,设计整车T-S观测器算法;最后,利用Car Sim软件对标准A/C级路面激励工况下整车T-S观测器实时估计的车辆侧倾角与侧倾率进行仿真验证。结果表明,所设计T-S观测器可有效估计车辆侧倾状态,最大标准偏差不超过12%。     

四轮转向车辆横摆角速度反馈与神经网络自适应混合控制的研究

采用ADAMS/Car软件建立了四轮转向车辆虚拟样机模型,设计了一种车辆横摆角速度反馈与神经网络自适应的混合控制系统,有效解决了轮胎大侧偏角下的非线性问题,使神经网络权系数的在线修正速度快,难度低,赋予系统自适应能力.理论分析和仿真结果表明,所构建的四轮转向车辆混合控制系统是可行的,所采用的ADAMS与MATLAB联合仿真方法是有效的.     

Active Roll Control of Articulated Vehicles

This paper describes an investigation into active roll control of articulated vehicles. The objective is to minimise lateral load transfer using anti-roll bars incorporating low bandwidth hydraulic actuators. Results from handling tests performed on an articulated vehicle are used to validate a nonlinear yaw/roll model of the vehicle. The methodology used to design lateral acceleration controllers for vehicles equipped with active anti-roll bars is developed using a simplified linear articulated vehicle model. The hardware limitations and power consumption requirements of the active elements are studied. The controller is then implemented in the validated articulated vehicle model to evaluate the performance of an articulated lorry with active anti-roll bars. The simulation results demonstrate the possibility of a significant improvement in transient roll performance of the vehicle, using a relatively low power system (10 kW), with low bandwidth actuators (5 Hz).     

基于多目标粒子群优化算法的某轻型商用车操纵稳定性优化研究

针对某轻型商用车稳态回转时侧倾度偏大的问题对其悬架进行优化改进。基于ADAMS/car搭建整车多体动力学模型,通过前悬架反向平行轮跳试验、后悬架理论计算验证了悬架仿真模型的准确性。进行整车稳态回转工况和转向盘中间位置转向工况仿真分析,结果表明,车身侧倾度偏高。为实现操纵稳定性优化分析的流程自动化,提出了基于modeFRONTIER的联合仿真方法。以悬架设计参数为优化变量,以汽车的侧倾度与横摆角速度响应滞后时间为优化目标,采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法拟合得到混合代理模型,并结合多目标粒子群优化算法对悬架系统进行多目标优化,获得了悬架系统优化方案。优化结果显示,在不影响平顺性的前提下,汽车车身侧倾度降低了13.93%,横摆角速度响应滞后时间降低了2.75%,整车操纵稳定性得到了提升。     

四轮转向汽车操纵动力学虚拟仿真分析

从机械动力学仿真的角度，研究4WS汽车的瞬态和稳态操纵动力学特性。运用虚拟样机技术，给出4WS车辆在适当前轮转角及不同的大小、比值、方向以及转向时间差等后轮转角的条件下，车辆的瞬态和稳态动力学性能的表现。     

Development of an electric active rollcontrol (ARC) algorithm for a SUV

Cornering maneuvers with reduced body roll and without loss in comfort are leading requirements for car manufacturers. An electric active roll control (ARC) system controls body roll angle with motor-driven actuators installed in the centers of the front and rear stabilizer bars. A vehicle analysis model developed using a CarSim S/W was validated using vehicle test data. Two ARC algorithms for a sports utility vehicle (SUV) were designed using a sliding-mode control algorithm based on a nonlinear roll model and an estimated lateral acceleration based on a linearized roll model. Co-simulation with the Matlab simulink controller model and the CarSim vehicle model were conducted to evaluate the performance of two ARC control algorithms. To validate the ARC performance in a real vehicle, vehicle tests were conducted at KATECH proving ground using a small SUV equipped with two ARC actuators, upper and lower controllers and a few subsystems. From the simulation and vehicle validation test results, the proposed ARC control algorithm for the developed ARC actuator prototypes improves the vehicle’s dynamic performance.     

多功能车操纵稳定性的虚拟样机实验研究

采用面向整车系统的数字化虚拟样机技术,利用ADAMS软件,建立了某多功能车(MPV)的整车虚拟样机模型,在ADAMS虚拟环境模式中对其操纵稳定性进行了大量的仿真计算和实验研究,研究结果表明,该车初始参数匹配状态下整车操纵稳定性能较好。实验结果数据为评估、改进、优化同型车辆提供了重要的理论参考。     

Investigation of active torsion bar actuator configurations to reduce vehicle body roll

The increasing popularity of sport utility/light-duty vehicles has prompted the investigation of active roll management systems to reduce vehicle body roll. To minimize vehicle body roll and improve passenger comfort, one emerging solution is an active torsion bar control system. The validation of automotive safety systems requires analytical evaluation and laboratory testing prior to implementation on an actual vehicle. In this article, a computer simulation tool and accompanying hardware-in-the-loop test environment are presented for active torsion bar systems to study component configurations and performance limits. The numerical simulation illustrates that the hydraulic cylinder extension limits the active torsion system's ability to provide body roll angle reduction under various driving conditions. To compare the control system's time constant and body roll minimization capabilities for different hydraulic valve assemblies and equivalent hose lengths, an experimental test stand was created. For a typical hydraulic pressure and hose diameter, the equivalent hose length was not a key design variable that impacted the system response time. However, the servo-valve offered a quicker transient response and smoother steady-state behavior than the solenoid poppet actuators that may increase occupant safety and comfort.     

Investigation of active torsion bar actuator configurations to reduce vehicle body roll

The increasing popularity of sport utility/light-duty vehicles has prompted the investigation of active roll management systems to reduce vehicle body roll. To minimize vehicle body roll and improve passenger comfort, one emerging solution is an active torsion bar control system. The validation of automotive safety systems requires analytical evaluation and laboratory testing prior to implementation on an actual vehicle. In this article, a computer simulation tool and accompanying hardware-in-the-loop test environment are presented for active torsion bar systems to study component configurations and performance limits. The numerical simulation illustrates that the hydraulic cylinder extension limits the active torsion system’s ability to provide body roll angle reduction under various driving conditions. To compare the control system’s time constant and body roll minimization capabilities for different hydraulic valve assemblies and equivalent hose lengths, an experimental test stand was created. For a typical hydraulic pressure and hose diameter, the equivalent hose length was not a key design variable that impacted the system response time. However, the servo-valve offered a quicker transient response and smoother steady-state behavior than the solenoid poppet actuators that may increase occupant safety and comfort.