杭州市区城市排涝模型应用研究

选取杭州市区留下片作为研究对象,分别建立了大尺度模型——江北片运河及上塘河区非恒定流水动力模型小尺度模型—杭州城西留下老城区市政排水与区域排涝水动力耦合模型。基于两个模型的联合分析计算,从宏观和微观层次提出了杭州市城区区域性排涝安全保障措施和杭州城西留下老城区排涝安全保障措施。     

螺旋桨水动力载荷计算与验证

以实现对螺旋桨敞水性能的准确模拟,为螺旋桨结构计算提供准确可靠的水动力载荷为目标,首先依据螺旋桨的投影原理及型值参数,建立螺旋桨的三维几何模型;其次,以单通道的分区混合网格划分方法,建立了螺旋桨水动力载荷计算的网格模型,并分别采用三种湍流封闭模型计算螺旋桨水动力载荷。结果表明:计算所得螺旋桨的推力系数、转矩系数在设计点附近的误差可以保证控制在5%以内,可为后续螺旋桨流固耦合计算提供可靠的水动力载荷。     

基于动网格模型的两栖车辆数值模拟

采用弹簧近似法和网格局部重构法相结合的非结构动网格技术,利用水动力模型耦合6自由度刚体运动和自由水面进行数值模拟,计算两栖车辆的水动力特性。研究结果表明,动网格模型对求解三维流固耦合问题有效,运用数值方法分析两栖车辆水动力特性、预测航速航姿是有效的两栖车辆水上性能的设计方法。     

导管螺旋桨水动力与结构强度计算方法研究

随着导管螺旋桨应用的普及,计算与分析其水动力与结构强度的方法也越来越准确、快速、简便。以荷兰船模试验水池No.19A+Ka4—70螺旋桨为实例,详述了导管螺旋桨计算与分析的整体流程。通过MATLAB计算得到螺旋桨翼面与导管的空间坐标,在Pro/E中建立三维实体模型,在HyperMesh中建立CAE模型。以流体部分网格为分析对象,分别在Fluent与CFX中进行导管螺旋桨水动力分析,并比较了不同计算软件得到的导管螺旋桨水动力分析结果,为导管螺旋桨水动力计算提供了基本思路。以流体-固体网格为研究对象,在CFX平台上中进行流固耦合计算,得到螺旋桨的结构强度分析结果,拓展了螺旋桨结构强度分析方法。该水动力与结构强度分析与研究为导管螺旋桨总体设计提供了有效可行的方法。     

基于改进MPS方法的三维时域水弹性计算模型

本文在作者已有的二维改进MPS(Moving Particle Semi-implicit)方法基础上进行了三维拓展(主要包括三维自由面粒子判断),并通过将计算得到的三维溃坝问题结果与文献中实验结果相对比,验证了所发展模型的准确性。在结构响应计算方面,将刚性和柔性模态耦合并计及相互影响。在此基础上,将流体和结构部分通过迭代方式耦合,从而实现强流固耦合计算。最后,应用上述模型对涉及大刚体位移叠加弹性变形的三维方梁的强非线性时域水弹性问题进行了计算,验证了模型对此类问题的有效性。     

柔性连接装置约束下的相邻浮体动力响应分析

许多海上工程作业中会出现两个或多个浮体相邻作业的情形,如海洋平台组块双船浮托安装等.在波浪作用下,相邻多浮体会发生水动力干扰现象,在特定条件下引起强烈的间隙共振,产生的巨大波浪力会对浮体造成破坏.相邻多浮体之间往往会存在柔性连接,需要考虑多浮体水动力干扰及机柔性连接构件的约束力对浮体运动响应的耦合作用,以及约束力本身对刚性或柔性连接构件的影响.因此,需要建立多浮体耦合的水动力-结构动力模型研究相互连接的海上浮式结构在复杂环境载荷下的动力响应.本文以双船浮托安装作业为背景,开发耦合的水动力-结构动力模型分析平台组块在双船拖运过程中的复杂动力响应.通过结合动态子结构法和静凝聚法,考虑连接构件的柔度,将连接构件的质量和刚度凝聚到构件与双船的连接点处.结合多浮体频域水动力分析,研究双船在柔性构件约束下和复杂水动力干扰共同作用下的运动响应.     

柔性连接装置约束下的相邻浮体频域响应分析

许多海上工程作业会涉及两个或多个浮体相邻作业,如海洋平台组块双船浮托安装等。在波浪作用下,相邻多浮体会发生水动力干扰现象,在特定条件下引起强烈的间隙共振,产生的巨大波浪力会对浮体造成破坏。相邻多浮体之间往往会存在柔性连接,需要考虑多浮体水动力干扰及柔性连接构件的约束力对浮体运动响应的耦合作用,以及约束力本身对刚性或柔性连接构件的影响。因此,需要建立多浮体耦合的水动力—结构动力模型研究相互连接的海上浮式结构在复杂环境载荷下的动力响应。文中以双船浮托安装作业为背景,开发了耦合的水动力—结构动力模型分析平台组块在双船拖运过程中的复杂动力响应。通过结合动态子结构法和静凝聚法,考虑连接构件的柔度,将连接构件的质量和刚度凝聚到构件与双船的连接点处。结合多浮体频域水动力分析,研究了双船在柔性构件约束下和复杂水动力干扰共同作用下的运动响应。     

螺旋桨水动力性能及流固耦合数值模拟

根据螺旋桨局部坐标转换成全局坐标的型值,建立螺旋桨的三维几何模型。基于商业软件,分别研究分区混合流体网格和结构网格的划分。使用Fluent软件分析螺旋桨的敞水性能,结合MRF转动模型和SST湍流模型研究螺旋桨在不同进速系数下的推力、转矩和敞水效率。与实验测量值比较,证实了该方法的工程可用性。基于Workbench平台,将CFD软件计算和有限元求解耦合起来,研究螺旋桨敞水时的单向流固耦合作用,对桨叶的结构强度进行校核计算,并分析螺旋桨应力,变形与进速系数的关系。     

使用一维和二维模型进行船舶初步设计

船体上层建筑之间相互影响的计算研究，已经进行了一维、二维和三维有限元分析。该方法在广泛的参数研究基础上，将原始三维模型简化为一维和二维模型，以减少数据准备工作和计算机解算时间。一维和二维模型都是通过船体及上层建筑的三维布置数值与试验研究得出的。一维模型的结果总是比三维情况偏小，但是比三维模型建立及运行的速度要快。二维模型与估计结果一致，并且与实际情况的预报值相当接近。这些模型比一维模型建立的时间长     

基于不同航行状态无人艇的水动力模型研究

无人艇操纵灵活,机动性强,在很多方面都有着广泛的应用。但相关研究还比较少。以往的单一水动力模型只是针对特定航行状态进行研究,对于不同的航速,单一的水动力模型已不再适用。因此随着航速不同,建立同一艘无人艇在不同航行状态下的水动力模型,并研究在此模型下无人艇的运动特性成为一个难点,也是研究真实无人艇的一个关键环节。论文在以往学者的研究成果基础上,给出了一种全新的水动力模型,并就某一真实无人艇,研究从静止到高速起滑整个过程的水动力与航速之间的开环变化关系。仿真结果表明了所给模型的有效性。     

导弹分段刚体模型和弹性体模型的动响应区别

针对目前一种新提出来的潜射导弹分段刚体模型的试验方案,通过求解在同一载荷作用下分段刚体模型与实际弹性体模型的动响应,来定量分析该模型试验所测得极大载荷值和实际情况下极大载荷的偏差.     

基于模型的耙吸挖泥船溢流损失估计及模型验证

对大型耙吸式挖泥船的装舱作业过程做了充分研究,重点解决了泥舱模型的溢流损失估计问题。利用多组实测数据,对3种泥舱沉积模型的估计效果进行了数据验证和评估分析,给出最终的评估结果。这一理论成果将应用于以后的挖泥船辅助决策和自动控制应用中。     

Use of 3D compartment model for simplified full ship FE model. Part I: construction of FE model

Classification societies cannot cover the torsional strength assessment with simple empirical formula as the size of a containership increases drastically over 10 000 TEU in recent years. Torsional strength of a container ship is very difficult to estimate with an analytical method due to its alternatively varying cross sections, i. e. an open and a closed section. This article proposes an approach to construct a simplified FE model using a 3D compartment model available from the beginning of ship design process. The model is cut to pieces of lots of small pieces of lines by a set of transverse, longitudinal and horizontal planes. Two algorithms are developed for mesh generation of internal structures; one for assembling the broken lines into closed loops and the other for automatically generating mesh from the loops. Another algorithm is proposed to generate mesh for outer hull using outermost nodes of the FE model built for internal members. The validity of the simplified model is discussed along with a beam theory based approach in J Mar Sci Technol (2008)     

Error correction of a predictive ocean wave model using local model approximation

Constructing models from time series with nontrivial dynamics is a difficult problem. The classical approach is to build a model from first principles and use it to forecast on the basis of the initial conditions. Unfortunately, this is not always possible. For example, in fluid dynamics, a perfect model in the form of the Navier–Stokes equations exists, but initial conditions and accurate forcing terms are difficult to obtain. In other cases, a good model may not exist. In either case, alternative approaches should be examined. This paper describes an alternative approach of combining observations and numerical model results in order to produce an accurate forecast. The approach is based on application of a method inspired by chaos theory for building nonlinear models from data called Local Models. Embedding theorem based on the time lagged embedded vectors is the basis for the local model. This technique is used for analysis and updating of numerical model output variables to forecast and correct the errors created by numerical model. The local model approximation is a powerful tool in the forecasting of chaotic time series and has been employed for wave prediction in a forecasting horizon from a few hours to 24 h. The efficacy of the local model as an error correction tool (by combining the model predictions with the observations) compared with the predictions of linear auto regressive models has been brought up. In the present study, the parameters driving the local model are optimized using evolutionary algorithms.     

多模型估计理论

研究利用多模型来副近系统的动态性能,基于多模型设计组合导航系统的多模型自适应卡尔曼滤波器.通过仿真研究表明,在多模型自适应估计和交互式多模型滤波均克服了单一滤波由于外部扰动所造成的滤波误差过大甚至发散的问题.多模卡尔曼滤波器对组合导航系统能达到理想的控制精度、跟踪速度以及稳定性.研究表明,运用多模卡尔曼滤波能改善系统的瞬态响应,覆盖大范围的参数不确定性.     

电信计费模型的设计

依据电信计费系统存在的问题,本文详细描述了电信计费模型的设计方法和各个模块的设计内容。     

指数平滑模型探讨

指数平滑模型在经济预测中应用较为广泛,时间序列的变动趋势不同,应用的平滑模型有所区别。本文介绍了各种指数平滑模型,并以某港为例分别用三次指数平滑及二阶差分—指数平滑模型对其吞吐量进行了预测,并做出了各种模型的适用性分析。     

Validation of vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm based on measurements at model scale

Wave-induced vessel motion prediction plays a critical role in ensuring safe marine operations. The operational limiting criteria can usually be calculated by applying presumed linearized vessel motion transfer functions based on the specified vessel loading condition, which may deviate from the real vessel condition when the operation is executed. Reducing the uncertainties of the onboard vessel loading condition can therefore improve the accuracy of vessel motion prediction and hence improve the safety and cost-efficiency for marine operations. However, parameters related to the onboard vessel loading condition can be difficult to measure directly, such as the center of gravity and moments of inertia. In addition, the hydrodynamic viscous damping terms are always subject to significant uncertainties and sometimes become critical for accurate vessel motion predictions. A very promising algorithm for the tuning of these important uncertain vessel parameters based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) that uses onboard vessel motion measurements and synchronous wave information was proposed and demonstrated previously by application to synthetic data. The present paper validates the UKF-based vessel seakeeping model tuning algorithm by considering measurements from model-scale seakeeping tests. Validation analyses demonstrate rational tuning results. The observed random errors and bias in relation to the measurement functions due to the applied simplification and linearization in the seakeeping simulations can lead to biased tuning. The importance of designing the state space and the measurement space is demonstrated by case studies. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the uncertain vessel parameters and the vessel motions, the tuning is shown to be sensitive to the mean state vector and selection of the surrounding sigma points.     

Use of a 3D compartment model for simplified full ship FE model. Part II: validation of the simplified FE model

This is Part II in a series of papers. Part I (J Mar Sci Technol 13:154–163) deals with an approach employed to construct a simplified FE model using a 3D compartment model available from the beginning of the ship design process. This paper begins by describing the limitations of an analytical approach based on shear warping beam theory for assessing torsional strength. Next, the structural parts of a container ship that have a negligible effect on hull girder bending strength and torsional strength are determined. This is verified by removing these parts from a conventional FE model and comparing the results obtained using this modified model with those yielded by the original model. The fore end part, the aft end part and the deck house are examined. Since these parts have complicated structures and relevant drawings for them are issued later than cargo structure drawings, modeling them exactly can result in a delay in the completion of the full ship FE model. This paper also verifies the validity of the simplified FE model built by applying the method proposed in Part I and comparing the results obtained with it with those given by a conventional full ship FE model. The stresses on hatch coaming top, the maximum diagonal elongations of the hatch coaming, and the maximum hatch corner movements are evaluated to check the validity of the simplified model.     

港口锚地选址海域适用性评价及优化模型

合理的锚地选址可以保障船舶锚泊安全性,同时可以优化港口的平面布置,提高港口运营效率。总结解决锚地选址问题的现有方法,分析GIS技术在选址问题中的运用,明确锚地选址影响因素并建立综合评价指标体系,同时确定各指标权重值,通过海域适用性评价模型对所有栅格进行综合评价。基于海洋功能区划等约束条件,获得锚地选址的可行方案集,优化比选出最优方案。通过算例分析,验证本文提出的模型合理、可行,可作为锚地选址优化的一种方法。