水下爆炸作用下板的动态响应分析

水下爆炸是属于极其复杂的学科。这种爆炸虽然很早以前就在海战中发挥作用,但在理论研究方面开始的很晚。水下爆炸不仅在军事上十分重要,而且对民用工业也是很有意义的。而一般情况下,战场上的军事目标大都是有板、壳、梁等基本构件构成的。当这而基本构件受到爆炸冲击载荷作用时,有可能产生大的塑性变形,或者发生局部或整体的断裂破坏而导致结构失效,最终导致目标达到某一毁伤等级。因此,对这些基本构件在爆炸等强冲击载荷作用下的塑性变形破坏情况进行理论分析,对于研究弹药的毁伤威力和目标易损性具有十分重要的意义。文中主要通过Abaqus有限元程序数值模拟了水下爆炸作用下结构的动态响应过程和板材最大有效塑性应变随冲击波载荷强度的变化关系,研究了平板在水下爆炸载荷作用下的几种破坏模式。     

泡沫铝填充薄壁结构吸能分析

研究了4种截面形式的泡沫铝填充薄壁结构的吸能特性。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动态有限元分析软件,对结构轴向冲击过程进行仿真,给出了作用反力、吸能效率随轴向压缩位移的曲线,并讨论了截面形式、冲击速度、薄壳材料和泡沫铝密度等参数对结构吸能的影响,为合理的抗冲击结构设计提供参考。     

码头预应力简支箱形轨道梁结构设计

预应力简支箱形梁结构稳定、截面刚度大、抗扭性能好、质量小、节约材料用量,但在码头中的应用少于铁路和公路工程。针对码头工程中预应力简支箱形梁设计中存在的问题,结合工程实例,对箱形梁的结构选型、使用要求、内力计算、截面配筋及应力验算等设计要素进行分析。结果表明,码头轨道梁采用后张预应力单箱双室简支梁,能够满足大跨径、大荷载的使用要求,从而对大型深水泊位的方案选择、平面布置、结构选型等起到一定的优化作用。     

含裂纹梁自由振动分析

研究了含常开裂纹矩形截面梁的自由振动问题.通过一计及裂纹对梁局部柔度影响的无质量扭簧模拟裂纹所在截面,建立起与含裂纹梁等效的力学模型;基于完整梁自由振动方程的基本解,推导出含裂纹梁的传递矩阵;以简支梁和悬臂梁为例,结合具体的边界条件,导出它们相应的频率方程.基于泰勒展开,给出了求解该频率方程的一种迭代算法.该文的方法能够简便地计算含裂纹梁的固有频率.     

舱内爆炸冲击载荷特性实验研究

为探讨舱室抗爆结构设计,采用典型舱室结构进行了舱内爆炸模型实验,研究了舱内爆炸下的冲击载荷及其作用过程,分析了舱内爆炸载荷的强度及舱内爆炸载荷作用下舱室板架结构的失效模式.结果表明:舱内爆炸载荷与敞开环境下的爆炸载荷有较大区别,由于舰艇结构的影响,舱内爆炸下,舱室板架结构承受的冲击载荷除壁面反射冲击波外,在舱室角隅部位还有强度远大于壁面反射冲击波的汇聚冲击波,以及这些冲击波的多次反复作用;舱内爆炸下舱室板架中部结构所承受的初始冲击载荷强度与敞开环境爆炸下壁面反射冲击载荷强度相当,而角隅部位舱内爆炸载荷的强度远大于敞开环境爆炸下壁面反射冲击载荷;舱内爆炸下舱室板架结构的主要失效模式是沿角隅部位发生撕裂失效并发生大挠度外翻变形.     

钢筋混凝土简支梁裂缝分析及维修对策

钢筋混凝土梁裂缝是普遍存在的,裂缝的宽度细小时,对梁的强度不会有明显的影响,裂缝较多且宽度较大时,梁的刚度会降低。分析钢筋混凝土简支梁常见的裂缝形式及产生原因,并根据裂缝宽度的大小采取不同的维修加固对策。     

海洋非粘结柔性管道扭转失效特征行为分析研究

分析了扭转荷载引起的三种海洋非粘结柔性管道截面可能的失效模式:铠装钢丝强度失效、内层压溃失效及铠装钢丝屈曲失效。通过管道扭转时铠装钢丝的应力及层间相互作用的分析,对每种失效模式给出了失效判据表达式。通过综合对比分析,提出了非粘结管道截面最大允许扭转角度的保守预测方法。以某典型经济性柔性管道为例进行抗扭转能力的分析。计算结果显示,在反扭情况下骨架层压溃失效是最易发生的一种失效行为,其对应的扭转角度可用于该管道允许最大扭转角度的设计预测值。这项研究可以为海洋工程类似管缆结构抗扭转能力的设计提供参考。     

空爆载荷下U型夹层板抗爆性能数值仿真研究

力学性能优越的夹层板结构在飞机、高速列车等交通运输领域得到广泛应用.为研究U型夹层板空爆载荷下的损伤特性,利用有限元软件MSC.Dytran分析U型夹层板空爆载荷下的损伤变形模式、耦合力、结构位移、速度、加速度、吸能,并与加筋板架对比;应用正交试验设计方法分析结构参数对抗爆性能的影响程度及较优的尺寸组合.分析表明:冲击载荷下U型夹层板上下面板的变形模式为膜拉伸,产生波浪式变形;夹芯层易于压皱变形,减少了对上面板冲击载荷的传递,同时夹芯层吸能效率较高,使得上面板的塑性变形显著减小;夹层板上下面板位移、速度、加速度、吸能均小于加筋板,表现出优良的抗爆性能.结构参数对夹层板抗爆性能影响程度的主次顺序为:夹芯角度、上面板厚度、夹芯壁厚度、下面板厚度;经验证,优化尺寸后的夹层板抗爆性能显著提高.     

冲击载荷作用下Q345钢失效应变与单元尺寸关系研究

冲击载荷作用下结构的损伤破坏仿真计算中，材料的失效应变取值与单元尺寸具有很大的关系。为建立冲击载荷作用下结构失效应变与单元尺寸之间的关系，本文以开展的Q345B钢各类力学性能试件（压缩、扭转、拉伸等）获取的材料失效应变为依据，借助数值仿真手段，研究各类试件网格尺寸对失效应变影响关系，并进一步依托开展的弹体穿甲试验、简单方板冲击试验、近场爆炸下舰船毁伤破坏试验，建立三类典型冲击问题中单元失效应变取值与尺寸之间的对应关系。计算结果表明：网格尺寸对单元失效应变的影响主要在于单元尺寸可改变结构变形过程中局部塑性变形分布区域的分布度；不同冲击载荷作用下，由于所使用的单元类型及受力状态存在一定的差异，需针对各类冲击问题分别建立单元失效应变与网格尺寸之间的关系。研究成果可为后续数值仿真计算中单元失效应变的选取提供指导。     

起重机工字型截面梁结构优化设计探讨

通过分析起重运输机械中常用的工字梁截面的破坏形式以及校核强度和稳定性的方法,找出工字梁截面设计中主要的影响因素,从而得到优化设计的理论依据.选择合理的腹板及翼板的宽度和厚度,可以使截面应力均匀分布,进而节约钢材.     

架空直立式码头结构三维数值塑性破坏分析

利用有限元法对性质复杂的混凝土结构——架空直立式码头进行塑性破坏分析，其中包括根据室内模型试验得到的混凝土参数，利用有限元软件进行数值模拟分析；结合重庆市寸滩码头模型试验资料，对数值模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明：码头结构在受到顶层撞击力后最先破坏的是结构底层的联系梁；随着撞击荷载的增大，结构上部的纵撑、横撑两端均出现不同程度的开裂区，但整个结构未出现较大位移，表明此种结构具有较强的塑性变形能力，符合框架结构的设计原则，与试验数据比较吻合。     

Dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflection

Study on the dynamic response, and especially the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates is complicated by their discontinuity and inhomogeneity. The finite element method （FEM） and the finite strip method are usually adopted in their analysis. Although many useful conclusions have been obtained, the computational cost is enormous. Based on some assumptions, the dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflections was theoretically investigated herein by a singly symmetric beam model. Firstly, the deflection conditions that a plastic string must satisfy were obtained by the linearized moment-axial force interaction curve for singly symmetric cross sections and the associated plastic flow rule. Secondly, the possible motion mechanisms of the beam under different load intensity were analysed in detail. For structures with plastic deformations, a simplified method was then given that the arbitrary impact load can be replaced equivalently by a rectangular pulse. Finally, to confirm the validity of the proposed method, the dynamic plastic response of a one-way stiffened plate with four fully clamped edges was calculated. The theoretical results were in good agreement with those of FEM. It indicates that the present calculation model is easy and feasible, and the equivalent substitution of load almost has no influence on the final deflection.     

考虑细长杆件不同坠落角度的海洋平台甲板损伤预报方法

[目的]在海洋平台吊装作业中,因吊机设备老化以及违规操作等而造成的坠物事故在海洋平台作业中时有发生,其中在杆件结构,如套管、钻铤等设备方面的问题最为常见,因杆件坠落时接触面积小,常会导致板架结构的损伤破坏。[方法]选取细长杆件坠物撞击甲板结构的场景开展结构损伤研究。在此基础上,考虑坠落角度对结构损伤的影响,确定结构损伤变形模型,并运用塑性力学理论,建立考虑杆件坠落角度影响的结构损伤解析预报方法。[结果]结果显示,小角度坠落场景下的结构损伤变形大,结构吸能高,根据结构响应可将坠落角度分为4个角度区间;解析计算结果与仿真计算得到的吸能曲线在数值以及变化趋势上相近。[结论]在杆状结构以一定角度撞击甲板结构时,甲板产生的塑性变形区域形状会随着撞深而产生变化,针对各阶段甲板变形特点的解析计算对海洋平台甲板板架结构抗撞设计评估具有一定的指导意义。     

单壳船侧结构的碰撞能量吸收

文章提出一种近似的解析方法评估单壳船侧结构的耐撞性。首先研究了单轴对称工字梁在横向载荷作用下结构从形成塑性铰到弦响应的力学过程,导出能量和变形的近似解析关系,然后考虑球鼻首和船侧结构的碰撞性将主要受撞区域舷侧板梁组合结构离散成为多个单轴对称工字梁,得到单壳舷侧结构碰撞过程能量吸收的近似公式,同时研究了球鼻形状以及不同碰撞位置对结构变形与能量吸收的影响。对散货船单壳舷侧结构的耐撞性用本文近似理论公式     

加筋板的大挠度塑性动力响应研究

对加筋板的大挠度塑性动力响应进行了理论研究,应用单轴对称截面的线性化轴力-弯矩交互作用曲线和相关联的塑性流动法则推出了梁达到塑性弦状态所应满足的挠度条件.此外,详细地分析了梁在不同载荷情况下可能的运动模式.最后应用本文理论和有限元软件ANSYS、ABAQUS/Explicit对四边固支单向加筋板结构进行了求解.     

Simplified method for quasi-static collision assessment of a damaged tanker side panel

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the energy absorbing mechanisms of intact and damaged small-scale stiffened plate specimens, quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid wedge indenter. The specimens scaled from a tanker side panel are limited by one span between web frames and stringers. The influence of the initial damage on the impact response is based on the plastic behaviour of an intact specimen. The initial damage is provoked at one-quarter from the support by the same indenter that, afterwards, punches the specimen at the mid-span. In practice, initial imperfections of this type could be due to minor incidents during ship service operation, such as collision of ships with floating objects. To validate the proposed simplified method, experiments and numerical simulations are conducted. The experimentally obtained force-displacement responses and shapes of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The analytical method derives expressions to estimate the energy dissipated by the intact and the damaged specimens based on the plastic deformation mechanisms, assuming that both the plate and stiffener structural components absorb the incident energy through the rotation of the plastic hinges at the point of contact and at the supports and the membrane tension over the plastically deforming region between the loading and the supports.     

A comparative study on damage assessment of tubular members subjected to mass impact

This paper focuses on the behaviour of tubular members when subjected to low-velocity mass impact. Particular emphasis is given to the numerical assessment of impact damage and the classification of impact response of tubular members. Damage extents of 12 tubular frame test models were predicted and used for quantifying the modelling uncertainties of the numerical tools. USFOS and ABAQUS software packages were used with beam and shell elements, respectively. Based on the test results and the parametric studies performed, the influence of the geometrical parameters and the interaction between the local shell denting and the global beam deformation modes are discussed. A classification of the impact response of the tubular members based on their relative resistance against shell denting and beam plastic collapse load is proposed. Finally, existing analytical models for each energy dissipation mode are visited and modifications are proposed.     

连续刚构桥箱梁温度场测试研究

对某高墩大跨连续刚构桥在太阳辐射下箱梁截面温度场进行了测试,采用最小二乘法对实测温差进行回归分析,获得了箱梁竖向温差和横向温差非线性分布的拟合曲线。建立了该桥的有限元计算模型,并分析了温差的影响。     

散货堆场深厚软基加固中塑料排水板耐久性的探讨

对于铁矿石、煤炭等散货堆场深厚软基加固,采用塑料排水板和使用期分级加载方案时,其时间跨度大,应考虑塑料排水板的排水性能耐久性问题,以确保加载期间塑料排水板的排水性能.使实际的地基排水固结状况符合设计计算模型.通过对不同塑料排水板材质、结构、生产工艺的对比,分析了塑料排水板耐久性的影响因素.提出在散货堆场软基加固中,当时间跨度大时应采用耐久性塑料排水板的观点.     

Nonlinear dynamic response of blast-loaded stiffened plates considering the strain rate sensitivity

The aim of the present paper is to develop a simple theoretical method which can quickly calculate the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates under a blast loading. The large deformation behavior of the stiffened plate is analyzed by using a singly symmetric beam model as representative of the stiffened plate. The material is assumed to be rigid-perfectly plastic, and the strain rate sensitivity is considered by using the Cowper–Symonds constitutive model (CS model). By Lee's extremum principle, the instantaneous modes of nonlinear structural response are determined. A series of calculations are performed to investigate the influence of pulse intensity, pulse duration, plate thickness, stiffener spacing and material property on the displacement response. The obtained results are in good agreement with those of numerical simulations performed by software package ABAQUS, and then a definition for the cases when the simplified method proposed here can be used is provided.