单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析

给出一种计算船体结构基本构件——梁、板耐撞性的简化分析方法,并将该方法应用于单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析。讨论了球鼻首撞击作用下单壳船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程,提出了计及渐进破坏过程的碰撞损伤简化计算方法。实例计算结果表明:该简化分析方法能对单壳船舷侧结构的耐撞性作出合理的预报,可应用于船舶设计阶段船体结构耐撞性能的评估。     

基于简化解析方法的舷侧结构碰撞吸能分析

船体结构破裂前因产生塑性变形而吸收能量的能力是衡量结构耐撞性的重要指标之一,提出一种简化解析方法对船舶舷侧结构的基本构件梁和板进行吸能能力计算,并将该方法应用于单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析.通过系列计算结果比对,从防撞角度对舷侧结构设计提出合理建议.     

LPG船舷侧结构的碰撞性能研究

研究了LPG船舷侧结构碰撞损伤过程和多种构件的抗撞作用,通过分析发现,LPG船的舷侧耐撞力远远低于同吨位的常规单壳船。LPG船的强肋骨在抵抗碰撞中起主要作用,由此提出提高常规LPG船舷侧结构提高耐撞力的最佳途径。     

船舶舷侧结构耐撞性分析

为研究船舶舷侧结构的碰撞损伤过程,采用非线性动态响应分析方法,使用ANASYS/LS-DYNA显式动力分析软件,对船艏和船舷垂直碰撞过程进行数值仿真,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和结构损伤变形的时序结果。为了分析船舶舷侧结构耐撞性能,本文对比了常见油船、新型Y型和X型舷侧结构的仿真过程,结果表明新型舷侧结构在整体的耐撞性能上优于传统的舷侧结构,承载构件的不同也会对结构的耐撞性产生很大的差异。     

一种基于IFP的单壳舷侧耐撞结构

改进船体结构耐撞性是开展船舶碰撞研究的一个主要目的.结构耐撞性设计,就是在碰撞研究的基础上,对传统的舷侧结构进行优化设计,或者设计一些具有特殊吸能元件的新型船体结构形式,来改善船舶的结构耐撞性能.目前,船舶耐撞性的研究主要集中于双层舷侧结构,单壳舷侧结构的耐撞性研究开展得较少.IFP(Improved Frame Panel)是一种先进的舷侧骨架结构,它具有良好的吸能特性和结构强度,是一种理想的能量吸收单元.本文基于IFP构建了一种新式单壳舷侧耐撞结构,并将之应用于某型护卫舰.通过仿真计算和比较研究,证明IFP可以显著提高舰船的侧向抗撞能力,是一种先进的耐撞设计思想.     

一种基于内充泡沫塑料薄壁方管的单壳舷侧耐撞结构

目前的船舶耐撞研究主要集中于双层舷侧结构,并已提出了一些有意义的耐撞性设计.军用船舶一般为单壳舷侧结构,这方面的耐撞结构研究开展得很少.本文针对军船,在研究常规舷侧结构碰撞性能的基础上,提出了一种基于内充泡沫塑料薄壁方管的单壳舷侧耐撞结构--FCT(Foam Cubie Tube)舷侧结构,它具有良好的吸能特性,是一种理想的能量吸收单元.作者对某型护卫舰的常规舷侧结构形式进行FCT耐撞设计,并对常规舷侧结构、IFP舷侧结构(另一种新式耐撞结构)及FCT舷侧结构进行了有限元仿真计算.经过比较 研究,证明FCT可以显著提高舰船的侧向抗撞能力.     

LPG船的一种新型舷侧耐撞结构研究

该文基于圆管碰撞能量吸收原理,提出了一种新型LPG船舷侧耐撞结构,经与常规LPG船舷侧结构的比较表明,此新型舷侧结构具有良好的耐撞性能。     

补给作业船舷侧碰撞损伤环境研究

基于横向补给作业中各个阶段可能出现的舷侧碰撞模式所确定的两船碰撞发生时的夹角和补给作业船受撞位置,进行横向补给作业船舷侧碰撞损伤仿真研究。分析了补给作业船的吸能特性和碰撞过程中两船的运动状态,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和损伤变形的时序结果。该文的研究可对于开展补给作业船舷侧碰撞结构损伤评估、舷侧抗撞结构的优化设计提供指导。     

典型油船舷侧结构耐撞性分析

采用非线性动态响应分析方法,使用ANASYS/LS-DYNA显式动力分析软件,对船首和船舷垂直碰撞过程进行数值仿真,获得了碰撞力、能量吸收和结构损伤变形的时序结果。为了分析船舶舷侧结构耐撞性能,对比了常见油船、新型Y型和X型舷侧结构的仿真过程,结果表明新型舷侧结构在整体的耐撞性能上优于传统的舷侧结构,承载构件的不同也会对结构的耐撞性产生很大的差异。     

基于折叠式夹层板船体结构耐撞性设计

提高船体结构的耐撞性能是开展船舶碰撞与搁浅研究的主要目的,通过船体结构耐撞设计提高船舶的安全性,对常规船体结构进行优化来提高结构耐撞性能是有限的,设计新型高效的吸能单元是提高结构耐撞性能的有效途径m折叠式夹层板具有吸能好、比强高、刚度大等特性,是一种理想的能量吸收单元.引进特种吸能单元FSP设计出一种新式耐撞结构形式,分别应用于双壳、单壳舷侧结构,对其耐撞性能进行研究.通过数值仿真计算分析,证实FSP舷侧结构显著提高了单壳、双壳舷侧结构的抗撞能力,FSP结构是一种先进的耐撞结构形式.     

An analytical method for predicting the ship side structure response in raked bow collisions

As an increasing number of ships continue to sail in heavy traffic lanes, the possibility of collision between ships has become progressively higher. Therefore, it is of great importance to rapidly and accurately analyse the response and consequences of a ship's side structure subjected to large impact loads, such as collisions from supply vessels or merchant vessels. As the raked bow is a common design that has a high possibility of impacting a ship side structure, this study proposes an analytical method based on plastic mechanism equations for the rapid prediction of the response of a ship's side structure subjected to raked bow collisions. The new method includes deformation mechanisms of the side shell plating and the stiffeners attached. The deformation mechanisms of deck plating, longitudinal girders and transverse frames are also analysed. The resistance and energy dissipation of the side structure are obtained from individual components and then integrated to assess the complete crashworthiness of the side structure of the struck ship. The analytical prediction method is verified by numerical simulation. Three typical collision scenarios are defined in the numerical simulation using the code LS_DYNA, and the results obtained by the proposed analytical method and those of the numerical simulation are compared. The results correspond well, suggesting that the proposed analytical method can improve ship crashworthiness during the design phase.     

高强度钢缓冲型船艏研究

在船舶碰撞事故中，一般船侧的破损程度比船艏大，从环境保护的全局意识及降低整体经济损失的角度出发，应该在保证船艏结构在能够承受常规载荷的前提下适当地减小其纵向刚度，使其在撞击船侧时导致船侧破损的可能性降低。笔者从损伤形态，碰撞力，碰撞力密度和能量吸收等方面对采用高强度钢的缓冲船艏进行研究，发现船艏结构采用高强度钢在等强度的条件下，可减少结构的板厚和船艏结构的临界压溃载荷，从而降低对被撞船舶侧结构的破坏。     

超大型油船双壳舷侧结构的碰撞性能研究

应用非线性有限元数值仿真方法研究了超大型油船双壳舷侧结构的碰撞性能，分析了各个构件的损伤模式和吸能特性，获得了碰撞力，能量吸收和损伤变形的时序结果，并给出具有指导意义的一般性结论。     

A study on collision buffer characteristic of sharp entrance angle bow structure

SEA-Arrow (sharp entrance angle bow like an arrow) has no protrusion of the bulbous bow to reduce bow waves and has a transverse stiffening system in the narrow bow space to apply the buffer bow concept. This system has lower longitudinal stiffness than a conventional longitudinal stiffening system and therefore has buffer characteristic in ship-to-ship collision. A comparative collision study of SEA-Arrow and the conventional bulbous bow was conducted using elasto-plastic finite element analysis. A collision scenario where the striking ship hits the side shell of tanker midship perpendicularly was selected. The results showed that the buffer bow characteristic of SEA-Arrow is superior to that of the conventional bulbous bow, since much more energy is dissipated by the plastic deformation of striking and struck ships until the inner shell of struck ship ruptures.     

Analysis of structural crashworthiness of double-hull ships in collision and grounding

A conceptual design framework for collision and grounding analysis is proposed to evaluate the crashworthiness of double-hull structures. This work attempts to simplify the input parameters needed for the analysis, which can be considered as a step towards a design-oriented procedure against collision and grounding. Four typical collision and grounding scenarios are considered: (1) side structure struck by a bulbous bow, (2) side structure struck by a straight bow, (3) bottom raking, (4) bottom stranding. The analyses of these scenarios are based on statistical data of striking ship dimensions, velocities, collision angles and locations, as well as seabed shapes and sizes, grounding depth and location. The evaluation of the damage extent considers the 50- and 90-percentile values from the statistics of collision and grounding accidents. The external dynamics and internal mechanics are combined to analyse systematically the ship structural damage and energy absorption under accidental loadings.     

试样极限塑性和船舶触礁模型试验校准计算

船舶碰撞与搁浅时的结构损伤是一个复杂的动态非线性过程。国际船舶与离岸结构会议碰撞与搁浅委员会（ISSC－V.3)组织其成员进行了两项专题研究：（1）材料极限塑性极限应变试验数据用于有限元模型计算时的尺度修正系数；（2）各种计算方法用于船舶搁浅（触礁）计算的准确性。介绍了作者承担上述两项研究的成果，给出了极限塑性极限应变的尺度修正系数的计算方法和结果，论证了非线性有限元显式积分方法及MSC／Dytran软件用于搁浅计算的准确性。     

Design of bridges against ship collisions

The paper outlines a rational design procedure for bridge piers and pylons against ship collision impacts. Firstly, a set of risk acceptance criteria are proposed. This is followed by a mathematically based procedure for calculation of the probability of critical ship meeting situations near the bridge, and the probability of ship collision accidents caused by human errors as well as technical errors. This first part of the paper leads to identification of the largest striking ship, “design vessels”, a given bridge pier must withstand without structural failure in order for the bridge connection to fulfil the risk acceptance criteria. The final part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the needed impact capacity for the bridge pylons and piers exposed to ship bow impact loads from these “design vessels”. For a number of different ship types and different tonnage merchant vessels, load – displacement relations for ship bow collisions against rigid walls are derived. Based on these comprehensive numerical results, a new empirical relation is derived which is suited for design against bow collisions. This expression for maximum bow collision forces is compared with a previously published expression for ice-strengthened ships and with existing standards for assessment of bow crushing forces. It is shown that there is need for an update of these existing standards. For design of piers and pylons against local impact pressure loads, a pressure - area relation for bulbous bow impacts is derived.     

冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨强度的有限元分析

论文研究了冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨的强度问题。基于冰载荷经验公式和五种典型计算工况,利用有限元法进行了冰载荷下螺旋桨的强度分析。建立了一种冰/桨叶碰撞计算模型,对碰撞过程中接触力的变化及螺旋桨的动态响应进行了研究。计算结果可供螺旋桨结构设计时参考。     

内河双壳油船舷侧结构耐撞性分析

提出了内河双壳油船舷侧结构耐撞性能的简化分析方法,详细讨论了球鼻艏撞击作用下内河双壳油船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程.在考虑舷侧外壳板发生断裂破坏后的剩余抗撞能力的基础上,给出了双壳舷侧结构的撞击力―撞深曲线和吸收能量-撞深曲线,并与有限元仿真分析结果进行了比较.简化分析方法得到的结果与有限元分析基本上是一致的,这表明该方法能对内河双壳油船结构的耐撞性能做出合理预报,可用于这类油船耐撞性能的评估.     

船-桥碰撞力学问题研究现状及非线性有限元仿真

归纳研究了船舶与桥梁碰撞力学的几种典型计算方法，并对各自的特点进行了分析。文中借助DYTRAN非线性有限元程序，以一艘4万吨级的油船与长江上某一斜拉索桥发生正向碰撞为例，演示了有限元法仿真计算船-桥碰撞问题的一般过程。反映了船-桥碰撞过程中船艏、桥梁承合、桥面和拉索的力与变形的时间历程，得到了具有指导意义的结论。