Correlation analysis between the interface membrane and loose hip prosthesis

Objective To analyze the cause of prosthesis loosening by observing the interface membranes harvested during the hip restoration operation. Methods A total of 28 specimens of interface membrane around the loose prosthesis were harvested from 28 patients undergoing the restoration of total hip replacement. All the specimens underwent the observation of appearance, light microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM). Results All the gaps around the loose prosthesis were filled with interface membrane of different thickness. The color of the most interface membrane was madder red, and the other one third of membrane was black. The comparatively thicker membrane was similar to scar connective tissue while the thinner was similar to fiber membrane. A large number of wear debris, macrophages and foreign-body giant cells were found under light microscope. With SEM observation a large number of different diameter collagen fibra structures that looked like scar tissues were arranged disorderly in a great mass, foreign particles and bone debris of different size were distributed unevenly, and the fibroblast was distributed in the collagen fiber. Conclusion Wear debris is related to inflammatory cell response around the interface membrane of the loose prosthesis. The wear debris engulfed by macrophage stimulates the interface membrane to release bone resorption factors (such as TNF) which lead to osteolysis, and this is one of the most important causes of the prosthesis loosening.     

直接乙醇燃料电池阳极催化剂Pt-Rh-SnO2/C的制备与表征

用交替微波法制备了SnO2/C复合材料,以该材料为载体制备了不同Pt∶Rh比例的Pt-Rh-SnO2/C催化剂,应用透射电镜（TEM）及X射线衍射（XRD）方法对所制备催化剂的微观结构进行了表征,通过循环伏安法和计时电流法测试了催化剂对乙醇的催化氧化性能.结果表明,微波辅助多元醇法利用SnO2/C作为催化剂载体可以制备具有良好分散度的Pt-Rh-SnO2/C催化剂,不同比例的Pt-Rh-SnO2/C催化剂金属粒子的平均粒径都小于4nm,且粒径分布较窄;该系列催化剂中Pt具有面心立方结构,随着Pt含量不断增加,粒径逐渐增加.当Pt∶Rh比例为3∶1时,对乙醇的催化氧化具有最好的稳定性和活性.     

RESORBABLE HIGH-STRENGTH ROD FOR FRACTURE INTERNAL FIXATION

Objective To find an ideal biomaterial for internal fixation. Methods Forty rabbits with fracture of the femur diaphysis (superioreondyle) were treated by intramedullary nailing of femur with composites rod of resorbable DL-polylactic acid (PDLLA)-ealcium metaphosphate (CMP), while steinmann‘s pin as control. The fracture healing, the material degradation and its mechanical properties were studied by X-ray films, macroscopic, microscopic and electron microscopic observations. Results No significant inflammatory reaction was found, and all the osteotomies were healed, while material was resorbed. Conclusion The PDLLA-CMP has excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and it can be a promising implant material in orthopaedics surgery.     

股骨动力加压凹槽交锁髓内钉对稳定骨折治疗作用的生物力学研究

目的研制新型股骨髓内钉并对其生物力学性能进行测评,探讨其在稳定骨折治疗中动力加压机制的表达与力学性能的优劣。方法将新型股骨髓内钉与Orthofix进口交锁髓内钉及AO加压钢板等不同方式内固定在稳定骨折条件下的抗轴向压缩、抗侧弯、抗旋转力学性能进行测试与比较。结果稳定骨折情况下,新型髓内钉对轴向压缩载荷的反应表现为断端间的动力加压作用,其应力遮挡效应明显低于髓内钉及钢板对照组;三点弯曲试验中,各组试样均表现出抗内→外弯曲能力较抗前→后弯曲能力强的特点,新型髓内钉的抗侧弯性能优于髓内钉对照组,钢板对照组抗侧弯性能最佳;钢板内固定的抗旋转能力均优于髓内钉内固定,新型髓内钉抗旋转性能优于髓内钉对照组。结论新型髓内钉设计合理,力学性能优良,动力加压功能明显,应力遮挡效应低,固定稳定性好;髓内钉与髓腔匹配情况及骨髓腔形态亦是影响旋转及侧弯稳定性的重要因素。     

βTCP/CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架制备及性能

以提纯的PLLA为基体材料,以自制CPP纤维（直径10－20μm）及β-磷酸三钙（-βTCP,粒径：30－60μm）为增强材料,以二氯甲烷（分析纯）为溶剂,以碳酸氢氨NH4HCO3（颗粒尺寸：200－500μm）为致孔剂,采用溶媒浇铸/粒子滤取技术与气体发泡相结合的方法制备了-βTCP/CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料.测试了β-TCP/CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料的物理、力学性能,并借助扫描电镜对其微结构进行了观察.结果表明,支架复合材料的初始物理、力学性能和微结构满足软骨组织工程对其支架材料的要求.     

SURVEY SUBAXIAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE FOR TRANSPEDICULAR SCREW FIXATION

Therearemanycausesofsubaxialcervicalinstabilitysuch astrauma,degenerativedisease,neoplasm,andinfection.Therearenumerousinternalfixationproceduresthathavebeen usedforone stageposteriordecompressionandstabilizationof thecervicalspine.Recentlydevelopedposteriorplatescrew fixationprocedureshavebeenperformedinthecervicalspine byusingalateralmassscreworapediclescrewformal stage posteriordecompressionandstabilizationofthecervical spine[1].Theseveralpotentialrisksofneurovascularcomplica tions,whichare…     

生态节能复合墙体植物纤维水泥基材料试验

农作物秸秆纤维水泥基复合材料是一种新型的绿色环保建材产品,密肋复合墙结构是适应我国墙体改革及住宅产业化要求的产物.通过对4组不同配合比稻秸秆纤维水泥基材料的试验研究,就其掺量对复合材料物理及力学性质的影响进行了探讨,通过ANSYS有限元分析,模拟了稻秸秆纤维水泥基砌块墙板的受力性能.试验表明,6%掺量的试件各项性能指标较符合墙板的砌块材料要求.     

DISTRACTION OF OSTEOGENESIS AND LENGTHENING OF CRANIOFACIAL BONE-PRELIMINARY REPORT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Themethodforgradualcallusdistractionofosteogenesis(Do)inenchondralbonehasbeenu-niversallyappliedontheorthopedicclinics.DowasfirstlyusedonfemurlengtheningbyanItal-ian,Codivilla(19O5),onthepatientsofunequiva-lentofstature,whilethetibiawaslengthenedbyAbbotin1927[1i.Becauseoftheseverecomplica-tionsasedema,necrosisofskin,infections,angu-lardeformity,andthedelayedmineralizationofthedistractedbone,themethoddidn'tarousedthein-terestofpeopleuntilearly2Othcentury,195Ost2i.ItwasIlizarov(aRussiansurge…     

单向短纤维复合材料中热残余应力研究

基于单向短纤维增强金属基复合材料的单纤维模型,利用轴对称弹塑性有限元分析方法,研究了该类复合材料中热残余应力的大小和分布情况以及各种微结构参数的变化对它的影响,同时还讨论了热残余应力的存在对基体与纤维之间应力传递的影响。研究表明,热应变的不匹配导致纤维受压、基体受拉,界面法向受压。热残余应力的存在降低了基体与纤维间的应力传递,不利于复合材料整体性能的提高。     

仿生骨植入钛网管固定修复兔骨缺损

目的探讨MHA-bBMP仿生骨作为替代骨对有限接触式钛网管固定下兔股骨干缺损模型的修复作用。方法48只新西兰大白兔随机分组,实验组:MHA-bBMP仿生骨+钛网管;对照组:自体髂骨移植+钛网管。于股骨干中段截除10 mm,建立兔股骨干缺损模型,将MHA-bBMP仿生骨/自体髂骨植入骨缺损处加有限接触式钛网管固定修复骨缺损。观察兔一般情况,检测血碱性磷酸酶,进行X线片、病理组织、电镜等观察。结果钛网管组织相容性好,固定稳定有效,两组均修复了骨缺损。两组血碱性磷酸酶、X线片表现、病理组织、电镜检查的数据经统计分析无显著性差异。结论有限接触式钛网管对植入物和骨缺损断端起到可靠的固定作用;MHA-bBMP仿生骨与自体髂骨植入相比较,诱导成骨活性相当。     

羟磷灰石陶瓷修复牙周骨缺损的实验研究

牙周病骨缺损是临床牙齿松动脱落的主要原因之一。本研究采用与骨组织成份相似的HAC植入牙周骨缺损区。结果证明,羟磷灰石陶瓷(HAC)与牙槽骨、牙根有良好的组织相容性。组织学观察发现,HAC植入后为新生骨组织包绕,结合为HAC-骨质复合体,可长期存留于新形成的骨组织内而不被吸收。研究结果表明HAC具有骨引导能力,是修复牙周骨缺损的良好材料。     

大鼠骨质疏松治疗前后血清微量元素的变化

目的　探讨骨质疏松与有关元素间的关系。方法　用原子吸收法对比测定了维甲酸所致骨质疏松模型组大鼠以及采用双骨胶囊中药和雌激素治疗后大鼠血清元素含量。结果　骨质疏松模型组大鼠血清铜、钾含量显著高于正常组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,硼含量低于正常对照 ;双骨胶囊中药治疗 6 0d后可使模型组大鼠血清硼显著升高 ,血清铜降低到正常水平 ;雌激素治疗不能纠正模型组大鼠血清高铜现象。结论　骨质疏松大鼠在骨丢失的同时 ,微量元素的含量也随之发生改变 ,微量元素硼和铜与骨代谢关系密切。中药双骨胶囊治疗骨质疏松与雌激素的治疗相比具有无副作用 ,维持微量元素平衡的优点。     

Research on Damage in Trabecular Bone of the Healthy Human Acetabulum at Small Strains Using Nonlinear Micro-finite Element Analysis

The mechanical properties of the pelvic trabecular bone have been studied at the continuum level. However, nothing is known about the tissue-level damage in the trabecular bone of the healthy human acetabulum at apparent small strains characteristic of habitual. By a DAWING 4000 A supercomputer, nonlinear micro-finite element （μFE） analysis was performed to quantify tissue-level damage accumulation in trabecular bone at small strains. The data indicate that damage in trabecular bone commence at 0.2% apparent strain. The findings imply that tissue yielding can initiate at very low strains in the trabecular bone of the healthy acetabulum and that this local failure has negative consequences on the apparent mechanical properties of trabecular bone.     

锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2/C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2/C复合材料.并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试.XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的.透射电镜(TEM)结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10 nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹.纳米SnO2/C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性.     

PDLLA-CPP复合材料的安全性和生物相容性评价

目的　评价新型可吸收性高强度骨折内固定复合材料PDLLA CPP的生物安全性。方法　采用PDLLA CPP复合材料萃出液腹腔注射最大允许剂量的方法,测定该材料最大耐受量,进行小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸变试验、小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验及致畸试验等毒理学试验,评价其安全性。同时采用该复合材料与体外培养软骨细胞直接接触法,观察其对软骨细胞生长和增殖的影响,评价其生物相容性。结果　最大耐受量的PDLLA CPP复合材料不影响小鼠骨髓细胞微核率、小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率和小鼠精子畸变率,致畸试验阴性,也不影响软骨细胞生长和增殖。结论　PDLLA CPP复合材料是一种安全的可吸收性生物医用材料,有良好的细胞生物相容性。     

锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2／C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2／C复合材料．并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试．XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的．透射电镜（TEM）结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹．纳米SnO2／C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性．     

Histologic changes in the sinus membrane after maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement using engineered bone graft material

The aim of the study was to analyze the histologic and ultrastructural changes after maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement using engineered bone graft material. In this study, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds combined with goat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were used to fill goat sinus floor space after maxillary sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement comparing with those not filled any grafted materials and used as controls. After a healing period of 3 months, the goat maxillary sinus membrane was examined using light microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. The results showed that the connective tissue thickness and the epithelium thickness of mucosa were not statistically significant difference between two groups. The tissue engineered bone complex might be an ideal graft for the sinus floor elevation and have no influence on the sinus membrane under the histological and ultrastructural observation.     

先天性肾积水患者的超微结构病理及临床分析

对38例单纯先天性肾积水肾盂输尿管连接部（UPJ）组织作透射电镜观察，结果：其主要超微结构病理改变是平滑肌细胞间有大量胶原料堆组织堆积，平滑肌细胞相互分离，肌细胞本身发育不良，胞膜皱折、锯齿状、指状突起，线粒体肿胀破坏。提示积水的原因是UPJ部位功能性梗阻。     

THE MORPHOLOGICAL MEASURE OF THE TIBIAL MEDULLARY CAVITY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

Tibiaisoneofthemostimportantbonesthatbearaheavyburden ,anditisthe partthatmostfracturewasmostlyhappenedinlong pipebones.Thetibiaandfibulafracturesareabout 13.7%intotalfracture .Weoftentreatthetibiafracturewithintramedullarynailfixation ,soitschoiceanddesignmustbebasedontheanatomiccharacteroftibialmedullarycavity .Butthemorphologicalinvestiga tionofChinesetibialmedullarycavitywassoless.Thisstudymeasuredandestablishedthemorpholog icalparametersofChinesetibialmedullarycavity ,andprovidedthemorph…     

股骨骨髓腔的形态学研究及其临床意义

目的建立国人股骨骨髓腔的形态学参数,为设计和选择适合国人的股骨髓内钉内固定器械提供形态学依据。方法选择正常成人股骨全长X线片(含标准正、侧位片)52例,应用图像分析软件进行形态学参数测量。结果股骨骨髓腔全长为(33.51±0.63)cm(男)和(33.13±0.64)cm(女);狭窄段长度为(5.61±0.49)cm(男)和(5.17±0.46)cm(女);髓腔最狭窄点位于髓腔中点近侧,距离为(3.55±0.15)cm(男)和(3.52±0.27)cm(女),狭窄点髓腔矢状径较冠状径大,分别为(1.215±0.113)cm和(1.077±0.116)cm,髓腔弧度半径为(120.608±6.089)cm。结论股骨骨髓腔长度、狭窄部形态及弧度等参数在交锁髓内钉的设计和应用中发挥着制约性作用。