An improved ductile fracture criterion for fine-blanking process

In order to accurately simulate the fine-blanking process, a suitable ductile fracture is significant.So an evaluation strategy based on experimental and corresponding simulation results of tensile, compression, torsion and fine-blanking test is designed to evaluate five typical ductile fracture criteria, which are widely-used in metal forming process.The stress triaxiality and ductile damage of each test specimen are analyzed.The results show that none of these five criteria is sufficient for all tests.Furthermore, an improved fracture criterion based on Rice and Tracey model, taking the influence of both volume change and shape change of voids into account, is proposed.The characterization of this model for fine-blanking process is easily done by the tensile test and the prediction result shows good.     

5A06铝合金板材热态本构模型及韧性断裂准则

为了获取材料在不同条件下成形性能指标,对5A06铝合金板材进行了热态单向拉伸试验,结合热态单向拉伸试验和韧性断裂试验结果,提出了一种修正Misiolek模型;利用修正模型的外插性能预测颈缩后板材流变应力,应用径向基函数神经网络算法建立了Cockroft-Latham韧性断裂阈值预测模型,并对该模型进行了预测精度评估.结果表明,流变应力对温度及应变速率敏感,对比径向基函数网络模型预测误差小于10.6%.      

Determining Loading Field based on Required Deformation for Isotropic Hardening Material

Eringen's and Trusedell's polar decomposition are formulated by explicit formulation of displacement field, based on Chen's additive decomposition of deformation gradient. Then the strain introduced by the multiplicative decomposition and the strain introduced by the additive decomposition are formulated explicitly with displacement gradient. This formulation clears the intrinsic contents of strains defined by taking the Eringen's and Trusedell's polar decomposition. After that, Chen's strain definition was introduced to show that the plastic deformation can be understood as the irreversible local average rotation. For initial isotropic simple elastic material, the research shows that path-dependent feature of classical plasticity theory is naturally expressed in Chen's strain definition. For rate-independent plasticity, the related deformation stress was discussed. The research shows that for isotropic hardening material the relation equation between the required geometric configuration and the corresponding loading field is explicitly formulated. Hence, for metal forming, this paper explicitly formulates the related fields by displacement field and invariant elastic constants.     

Investigation on Two Electrically-Assisted Forming Processes of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheets

Two new types of electrically-assisted forming(EAF) processes of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets,i.e., electrically-assisted blanking(EAB) and electrically-assisted sheet upset-extruding(EASUE), are proposed in this paper. During EAB, pulsed current(PC) decreases blanking load and improves blanked surface quality,and higher frequency has a more effective improvement; when the frequency reaches 600 Hz, the whole punched hole fracture is improved to smooth zone. Moreover, EAB does not influence the microstructure and does not induce obvious annealing, and this process is advantageous to the materials that cannot change microstructure.During EASUE, PC can reduce extrusion load and enhance extrusion height, and higher frequency also has a more effective improvement. Both processes indicate that introducing PC can effectively improve the part quality and have an application prospection.     

Study on Damage of High Temperature Plastic Deformation for Al-Li Alloy

The security of use for Al-Li alloy will be greatly influenced by the damage degree of plastic deformation within it at high temperature . Based on continuum damage mechanics theory, the damage evolution of Al-5.44Mg-2.15Li-0.12Zr alloy during plastic deforming at high temperature is simulated by using the damage evolution model of high temperature plastic deformation. The changing rule of its inner damage with deformation temperature, strain rate and strain is gained in this paper. The equation of damage evolution for high temperature plastic deformation is developed, providing an academic basis for the technology of plastic process of Al-Li alloys.     

沥青路面半刚性基层特性及反射裂缝产生机理

根据断裂力学的理论。如果面层与基层完全失去粘结就可以完全消除由于基层开裂而对沥青面层的应力集中现象,但是这种方法在现实中是不可能卖施的,而采用低模量的中间夹层却是可以实现的。中间夹层通常具有较低的弹性模量且能承受很大的应变而不被破坏,在路面结构中它能依靠自身的塑性变形来吸收应力,不致把很大的应变传递到面层上。国内外对此类防裂措施开展了不少试验研究．并取得了一定的研究成果。     

考虑时间间歇效应的粉土动力特性

列车荷载是揭示路基真实动力响应特性的前提，以往的动三轴试验将列车荷载视为连续动荷载，忽略了追踪列车间隔时间对路基土体动力特性的影响. 利用室内动三轴仪对粉土开展了连续加载和间歇加载（连续加载与间歇交替循环）的动三轴试验，分析了两种加载方式下粉土超孔隙水压力、回弹模量、累积塑性应变等的发展规律. 研究结果表明:持续动荷载作用下累积的超孔隙水压力在间歇阶段会发生消散，轴向应变在间歇阶段得到一定程度恢复，进而提高了试样抵抗变形的能力；室内动三轴试验忽略间歇效应将高估列车动荷载作用下试样超孔压和塑性应变的累积量及发生破坏的可能性；间歇加载下试样的永久变形行为可依据安定理论划分为塑性安定、塑性蠕变和增量破坏.      

基于试验的型材冷弯成形线型特征研究

船舶型材冷弯成形加工过程中,逐段进给弯曲加工方式下塑性变形区的成形线型对于整体加工质量和效率的提高具有重要意义.针对成形线型的特点,采用正交多项式最小二乘拟合方法,分别拟合成形线型中的直线和曲线部分,分析两部分线型的特征.进一步,采用椭圆和抛物线逼近线型的曲线段,分析塑性变形区的线型特征,取得了有意义的结论.     

Comparison of GTN damage models for sheet metal forming

The Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman(GTN) damage model was developed basing on anisotropic yield criterion to predict the damage evolution for anisotropic voided ductile materials.Hill's quadratic anisotropic yield criterion(1948) and Barlat's 3-component anisotropic yield criterion(1989) were used to describe the anisotropy of the matrix.User defined subroutines were developed using the above models.Taking the benchmark of NUMISHEET'93 square cup deep drawing as an example, the effect of matrix plastic anisotropy on a ductile material was studied.The predicted result by Barlat'89-GTN model has a better agreement with the experimental data than that by Hill'48-GTN and the original GTN model.     

QFP结构在温度循环下的有限元分析

如果QFP电子封装器件发生较大塑性变形,将影响其正常使用．利用有限元分析技术来讨论温度循环载荷作用下影响QFP焊点塑性变形的因素,为控制其变形幅度提供依据．     

钢轨三维弹塑性滚动接触应力

用有限元法建立了钢轨三维弹塑性滚动接触计算模型，分析钢轨材料屈服强度对钢轨残余应力和应变的影响．模型中考虑了钢轨的几何形状和边界条件，通过在钢轨表面反复施加移动赫兹法向压力和切向力模拟车轮的反复滚动作用．结果表明：最大等效塑性应变和剪应变均发生在钢轨接触表面，此处易萌生裂纹；钢轨接触表面附近材料塑性变形流线趋势与现场观测到的裂纹方向一致；钢轨材料屈服强度越高，材料的累积塑性变形越小，钢轨的最大残余应力越接近于表面．     

不同结构体系斜拉桥抗冲击动力响应

为了探讨斜拉桥抗常规武器冲击的动力响应,为重要桥梁设施工程防护和修复提供重要的理论依据,用LS-DYNA非线性动力有限元程序,针对长杆射弹冲击桥塔的危险情况,对不同结构体系———刚构体系、支承体系和漂浮体系斜拉桥抗冲击动态响应进行了数值模拟分析,比较了结构体系不同对斜拉桥抗冲击动力响应的影响.研究表明,桥塔纵桥向被撞击区域的局部变形最大,3种结构体系中漂浮体系被撞击区域的局部变形最小;刚构体系中塔抗冲击的塑性动力变形最大,冲击破坏危险性最大,其桥面系主梁的振动响应也最明显.     

连续挤压轮槽塑变区应力分析中的逐次单元法

针对连续挤压轮槽内金属变形的特点,在变形区划的基础上,提出了合理基本假设,采用逐次单元法推导出连续挤压轮槽中接触应力的计算公式,为连续挤压设备的设计提供了理论依据,为了提高计算精度,在推导过程中考虑了变形温度和变形速度对流动应力的影响。     

胶粘剂和CFRP吸湿对复合材料粘接接头失效的影响

对胶粘剂和复合材料的影响进行解耦;采用常温环境分别对胶粘剂、碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)和CFRP/铝合金粘接接头进行不同时间周期的浸泡,研究了不同应力状态对粘接接头失效的影响;以准静态失效测试的失效强度和失效模式分析为主,结合傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析、差示扫描量热法分析和扫描电子显微镜分析,分别研究胶粘剂和CFRP吸湿后的失效机理,揭示了吸湿对复合材料粘接接头失效的影响机理。分析结果表明:胶粘剂在吸湿30 d后发生了水解,失效强度下降约53.7%,失效应变约为原来的3.2倍;CFRP吸湿后表面粘附性降低,容易引起界面失效,但打磨之后能够得到改善,CFRP吸湿后纤维/基体界面力学性能降低,在正应力状态下更容易造成纤维撕裂;CFRP/铝合金粘接接头的失效强度在吸湿30 d后下降了约23%,失效断面中胶粘剂出现了韧性断裂和界面失效;通过对胶粘剂、CFRP和CFRP/铝合金粘接接头吸湿后的失效分析,发现剪应力状态下的CFRP/铝合金粘接接头失效主要受胶粘剂吸湿后的性能下降影响,其次是界面失效的影响,而正应力状态下的CFRP/铝合金粘接接头失效还受CFRP性能下降造成的纤维撕裂影响。      

基于HyperXtrude的薄壁铝型材挤压成形仿真模拟

基于HyperXtrude软件分析薄壁六边形结构挤压成形稳态过程,研究不同状态下金属材料的应力应变、挤压力变化、流速变化和温度等物理参数量的变化趋势,以这些物理参数变化趋势来量化预测该型材挤压成形性。通过仿真模拟清楚反应薄壁六边形结构铝型材在挤压过程的变化特性,预测薄壁结构挤压成形过程中的变形、翘曲、开裂和流速不均等缺陷,为及时对挤压成形工艺方案调整或模具结构改进设计提供指导。     

重复荷载作用下砂土永久变形预估模型

为预估路基的永久变形,在万能材料试验机上对砂土进行了重复加载动三轴试验,得到了砂土永久变形的发展曲线,建立了塑性应变和荷载作用次数之间的关系式,使用最小二乘法拟合出该式中的系数与含水量和回弹模量之间的回归公式,并对回归公式进行了可靠性分析。当荷载作用次数为10000次时,现有路基土永久变形模型预估结果与试验结果相对误差最小为52%,最大高达376%;而系数与含水量和回弹模量之间的回归公式相关系数最小值为0·31,平均值为0·41,大于临界值0·28,试验曲线与理论曲线相关系数大于0·99。分析结果表明:建立的砂土永久变形预估公式可靠性较高,而现有预估模型不适用于砂土。     

前挤压工件和模具的温度分布有限元分析

在高精密冷成形加工中，工件和模具的温度变化直接影响工件的成形精度，通过对前挤压加工过程机械热力偶合有限元模拟，对材料的流动，由于塑料变形和接触面之间的摩擦所产生的热量，工件和模具中的热传导，工件与模具之间的热交换，在成形期间和其后冷却过程工件和模具中温度的分布等进行了分析，对工件和模具的机械和热力学性能和诸如冲头的速度，摩擦系数等加工条件对温度在工件和模具中的分布的影响进行了研究，有限元模型的结果表明，在成形加工中由于热膨胀和冷却的影响，工件和模具中温度的变化将影响工件的成形精度，工件的性能对热的产生和温度分布有决定性的影响，加工条件的变化会影响温度的高低和分布。     

水泥改良土力学特性试验研究

在大量动静三轴试验的基础上,研究了水泥改良土试样的应力．应变关系,掺和比及围压等影响因素,以及临界动应力、累计塑性应变、弹性应变及回弹模量的变化规律,同时,还研究了水泥土的回弹模量和动弹性应变与振动次数的变化规律．试验结果表明：水泥土的应力．应变曲线呈软化型,存在明显的应力峰值点;动应力存在一个临界值,土体的变形分为衰减型、破坏型及临界型;水泥土的临界动应力是素土的两倍以上,随掺和比的增加而增长,但增长趋势变缓．     

Finite Element Optimization of Vee-ring Factor in Fine-blanking Process

The vee-ring is one of the most characteristic features of the fine-blanking process which is derived from the conventional blanking. With the vee-ring, a counter plate and some other working parameters, a component with a precise geometry and smoothly blanked surface can be produced without any major secondary operations. However, these working parameters are always empirically determined or determined by trial-and-error method, which is time-consuming and expensive. In this study, a numerical simulation method was used to analyze the effect of vee-ring factors on product quality, such as distance between vee-ring and punch, vee-ring height and blank holder force, so as to obtain as high clean cut ratio as possible. During the simulation, the model was assumed as axisymmetric one and the workpiece was considered as rigid plastic material, meanwhile the tools were defined as rigid bodies so as to shorten the computational time. A damage model taking into account the influence of hydrostatic stress was used to simulate material fracture in fine-blanking. The result obtained from the simulation indicated that with the help of vee-ring, the metal material near the shear band does not flow with the punch penetration and high compressive stress in the shear band is generated. Consequently, higher clean cut ratio can be obtained with a vee-ring model than the one obtained with a plane blank holder model. Furthermore, the longer the distance between vee-ring and punch is, the higher the height of roll-over becomes.     

基于悬臂梁流变试验的倾倒变形力学特性分析

弯曲倾倒变形本质是岩层所发生的弯曲流变变形，为了阐明其时效特点与力学特性，首先对反倾层状斜坡进行受力分析，将岩层某点的受力简化为自重应力与水平侧应力；其次在该受力条件下，进行了悬臂梁弯曲流变试验，将岩层悬臂式弯曲流变模型概化为4个阶段:瞬时变形阶段、衰减蠕变阶段、稳态蠕变阶段、加速蠕变阶段. 基于上述的试验和分析，推导出悬臂梁弯曲流变的本构方程；并选取岩梁发生倾倒变形时极限位置处应变为0，对本构方程进行求解得出倾倒变形发育的极限深度；以悬臂梁倾倒折断时应变加速度等于稳态蠕变的上限加速度为求解条件，得出岩梁的倾倒折断深度.