分布式电驱动汽车原地转向机理与控制方法研究

分布式电驱动汽车能够通过原地转向功能提高车辆的机动性。原地转向下车辆的4个车轮均处于滑移状态,极易发生车身偏移甚至失控。为了实现稳定精准的原地转向控制,分析了原地转向的动力学机理,并提出横摆角速度与滑转率协同的控制策略。基于纵向动力学设计路面附着估计算法,完成原地转向前的路面状况判断;采用了分层式控制架构,上层控制器基于车辆状态协调转矩控制策略,下层控制设计横摆角速度决策框架,根据油门开度计算原地转向的名义横摆角速度,基于二次性能指标的单神经元自适应PID控制算法计算四轮驱动转矩,以实现横摆角速度的跟踪控制,并引入模糊逻辑推理得到四轮期望滑转率,通过PID算法计算驱动转矩调节量,配合横摆角速度转矩控制以抑制转向中心的偏移。仿真测试和实车试验表明：在附着系数一定的情况下,稳态原地转向的轮胎视为刚体,侧偏角与地面侧向反作用力基本不变,试验结果符合所推断的原地转向动力学机理;并验证横摆角速度跟踪控制算法在不同附着系数下具有理想的跟踪效果和鲁棒性,响应速度相比于PID提高46%,最大超调量减小24.0%,平均调节时间缩短1.3 s,平均稳态误差均在0.01 (°)·s^-1...     

独立轮电驱动车辆主动操纵稳定控制研究

提出了采用变增益参考模型的滑模跟踪控制策略,以横摆角速度和侧滑速度为控制对象,独立控制左右轮驱动力产生直接横摆力矩,提高了车辆在极限工况下的操纵稳定性,并改善了车辆固有的转向特性。改进的滑模控制算法减小了系统抖振并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于LQR的汽车横摆力矩控制研究

针对汽车极限工况稳定性控制问题,论文基于最优控制理论LQR进行了汽车横摆力矩控制研究.建立了整车七自由度动力学模型,设计了LQR附加横摆力矩控制算法.为了提高制动稳定性,相对于传统单轮制动研究了单侧两轮附加横摆力矩分配方法.最后选择增幅正弦转向低附着路面行驶工况对控制算法进行了验证.仿真结果表明所研究的控制算法能够有效提高汽车极限工况行驶稳定性.     

四轮独立驱动电动汽车路径跟踪鲁棒控制EI北大核心CSCD

针对四轮独立驱动电动汽车具有结构参数、外部干扰不确定性与非线性和过驱动等特征,提出了一种分层控制框架,以实现前轮转向与直接横摆力矩控制系统协同的车辆路径跟踪控制。首先,基于路径跟踪运动学模型,将车辆的路径跟踪问题转化为约束跟随问题;其次,设计了基于约束跟随的自适应鲁棒上层控制算法,该方法可以有效处理由模型不确定性和外部干扰引起的失配问题,并保证闭环系统的一致有界性和一致最终有界性;最后,设计了一种基于二次规划的下层分配算法满足所需的直接横摆力矩,并在Simulink-Carsim平台进行联合仿真。通过不同工况的仿真结果表明,所设计的自适应鲁棒控制算法具有良好的路径跟踪精度和鲁棒性。     

多轮分布式电驱动车辆双重转向分层控制系统设计

为了提高多轮分布式电驱动车辆在复杂机动环境下的转向能力,设计了一种基于直接横摆力矩控制的双重转向系统。该控制系统采用分层结构,上层为横摆力矩决策层,下层为驱动力分配层。在控制系统上层,基于无迹卡尔曼滤波和递归最小二乘结合算法进行路面辨识;根据车辆状态信息和路面条件自适应调节滑移转向比,由车辆动力学模型和滑移转向比确定双重转向参考模型;针对滑模面附近非连续特性造成的控制信号抖动现象,将滑模控制算法进行改进,设计了滑模条件积分控制器,使车辆实际横摆角速度追踪双重转向参考模型计算出期望横摆角速度。系统下层在保证车辆总驱动力的前提下,基于控制分配规则将上层广义目标控制力需求分配至各执行器。最后,利用硬件在环实时仿真平台进行控制策略验证。结果表明,分层控制系统较好地实现了路面识别功能和车辆双重转向功能,针对不同路面工况对车辆进行了有效地行驶控制,减小了车辆在狭小弯曲地区的转弯半径,抑制了车辆状态参数及电机转矩的颤振和抖动,改善了车辆小半径行驶的转向机动性和高速行驶稳定性。     

基于预测控制的车辆稳定性研究

设计了以2自由度车辆模型为预测内部模型、以补偿车辆横摆力矩为输出的汽车ESP预测控制器,并结合Matlab/Simulink建立的7自由度整车模型对所设计预测控制器进行了转向阶跃输入和正弦输入的仿真分析。结果表明,该预测控制器能很好控制汽车的横摆角速度和限制质心侧偏角,提高了汽车在高速转向工况下的稳定性,进而验证了所建模型的合理性和控制算法的有效性。     

四轮独立转向-独立驱动电动车主动避障路径规划与跟踪控制

四轮独立转向-独立驱动电动车(4WIS-4WID EV)具有低速机动性强、高速稳定性好的特点,是一种理想的智能车构型。本文中针对4WIS-4WID EV进行了主动避障系统的设计,主要包括避障路径规划和跟踪控制。首先基于车辆运动学模型,提出了采用七次多项式的避障路径规划算法;然后基于简化2自由度车辆动力学模型,设计了模型预测路径跟踪控制器;为提高车辆主动避障过程中的操纵稳定性,路径跟踪控制算法采用四轮转向与直接横摆力矩控制技术。通过不同附着系数路面工况与侧风扰动工况仿真,验证了所设计的主动避障系统具有良好的避障能力和鲁棒性。     

基于ADAMS的分布式电动汽车稳定性分析

利用ADAMS/Car搭建四轮驱动分布式电动车模型,在MATLAB中利用模糊控制原理计算转向横摆力矩,实现车辆的DYC (Direct Yaw-moment Control,直接横摆力矩控制);基于最优轮胎利用率函数设计稳定性控制器,增强汽车在高速转弯时的操纵稳定性.     

四轮转向车辆稳定性控制器优化设计

本文基于横摆角速度跟踪控制理论设计了四轮转向车辆稳定性控制器，实现了各速度下控制器的优化及其硬件在环仿真。结果表明控制器在高速段能改善汽车的动力学性能。与传统的前轮转向车辆相比具有优越的操纵稳定性。     

基于MPC的四轮转向车爆胎稳定性控制

四轮独立转向驱动汽车相比传统车辆具有更多控制自由度,具备在高曲率跟踪精度好,低附着路面操纵稳定性优越的特点。本文针对车辆在轨迹跟踪中所面对的低附着、爆胎等紧急工况,本研究采用模型预测控制理论,针对四轮转向电动汽车的横摆稳定性问题进行了探究。以横摆角速度和横向误差为控制目标,计算出最优四轮转角和直接横摆力矩,下层采用最优转矩分配并考虑轮胎摩擦圆约束,以实现对四轮驱动电动汽车的稳定性控制。在CarSim/Simulink联合仿真整车模型中,采用参数化建模设置整车参数。通过双移线爆胎工况仿真实验分析,所提出的策略能够有效地提高四轮驱动电动汽车的轨迹跟踪精度,从而提高整车的行驶稳定性。     

A novel vehicle dynamics stability control algorithm based on the hierarchical strategy with constrain of nonlinear tyre forces

Direct yaw moment control (DYC), which differentially brakes the wheels to produce a yaw moment for the vehicle stability in a steering process, is an important part of electric stability control system. In this field, most control methods utilise the active brake pressure with a feedback controller to adjust the braked wheel. However, the method might lead to a control delay or overshoot because of the lack of a quantitative project relationship between target values from the upper stability controller to the lower pressure controller. Meanwhile, the stability controller usually ignores the implementing ability of the tyre forces, which might be restrained by the combined-slip dynamics of the tyre. Therefore, a novel control algorithm of DYC based on the hierarchical control strategy is brought forward in this paper. As for the upper controller, a correctional linear quadratic regulator, which not only contains feedback control but also contains feed forward control, is introduced to deduce the object of the stability yaw moment in order to guarantee the yaw rate and side-slip angle stability. As for the medium and lower controller, the quantitative relationship between the vehicle stability object and the target tyre forces of controlled wheels is proposed to achieve smooth control performance based on a combined-slip tyre model. The simulations with the hardware-in-the-loop platform validate that the proposed algorithm can improve the stability of the vehicle effectively.     

Optimal preview game theory approach to vehicle stability controller design

Dynamic game theory brings together different features that are keys to many situations in control design: optimisation behaviour, the presence of multiple agents/players, enduring consequences of decisions and robustness with respect to variability in the environment, etc. In the presented methodology, vehicle stability is represented by a cooperative dynamic/difference game such that its two agents (players), namely the driver and the direct yaw controller (DYC), are working together to provide more stability to the vehicle system. While the driver provides the steering wheel control, the DYC control algorithm is obtained by the Nash game theory to ensure optimal performance as well as robustness to disturbances. The common two-degrees-of-freedom vehicle-handling performance model is put into discrete form to develop the game equations of motion. To evaluate the developed control algorithm, CarSim with its built-in nonlinear vehicle model along with the Pacejka tire model is used. The control algorithm is evaluated for a lane change manoeuvre, and the optimal set of steering angle and corrective yaw moment is calculated and fed to the test vehicle. Simulation results show that the optimal preview control algorithm can significantly reduce lateral velocity, yaw rate, and roll angle, which all contribute to enhancing vehicle stability.     

Vehicle stability control system for enhancing steerabilty,lateral stability,and roll stability

The Vehicle stability control system is an active safety system designed to prevent accidents from occurring and to stabilize dynamic maneuvers of a vehicle by generating an artificial yaw moment using differential brakes. In this paper, in order to enhance vehicle steerability, lateral stability, and roll stability, each reference yaw rate is designed and combined into a target yaw rate depending on the driving situation. A yaw rate controller is designed to track the target yaw rate based on sliding mode control theory. To generate the total yaw moment required from the proposed yaw rate controller, each brake pressure is properly distributed with effective control wheel decision. Estimators are developed to identify the roll angle and body sideslip angle of a vehicle based on the simplified roll dynamics model and parameter adaptation approach. The performance of the proposed vehicle stability control system and estimation algorithms is verified with simulation results and experimental results.     

Multi-axle vehicle dynamics stability control algorithm with all independent drive wheel

The stability driving characteristic and the tire wear of 8-axle vehicle with 16-independent driving wheels are discussed in this paper. The lateral stability of 8-axle vehicle can be improved by the direct yaw moment which is generated by the 16 independent driving wheels. The hierarchical controller is designed to determine the required yaw torque and driving force of each wheel. The upper level controller uses feed-forward and feed-backward control theory to obtain the required yaw torque. The fuzzification weight ratio of two control objective is built in the upper level controller to regulate the vehicle yaw and lateral motions. The rule-based yaw moment distribution strategy and the driving force adjustment based on the safety of vehicle are proposed in the lower level controller. The influence of rear steering angle is considered in the distribution of driving force of the wheel. Simulation results of a vehicle double lane change show the stability of 8-axle vehicle under the proposed control algorithm. The wear rate of tire is calculated by the interaction force between the tire and ground. The wear of tire is different from each other for the vehicle with the stability controller or not.     

分布式驱动电动汽车转向工况转矩分配控制研究

针对分布式驱动车辆转向工况在低速下期望提高转向机动性能，高速下期望保证行驶稳定性的需求，充分考虑转向行驶内外侧车轮的转向关系以及车辆动力学，制定了适应车速变化的四轮转矩分配策略，建立了四轮轮毂电机驱动模型以及二自由度参考模型。为了改善分布式驱动转向机动性能，建立自抗扰控制器调整内外侧车轮转矩，形成合理的转速差，减小转向半径，以提高转向机动性；对于高速转向行驶稳定性的需求，通过二次规划方法优化分配各车轮驱动力矩，分析轮胎纵横向附着裕度建立目标函数，并加入附加横摆力矩和路面附着力的限制，进行车轮驱动转矩的在线优化分配，提高车辆转向行驶的稳定性；另外为避免2种控制模式转换时驱动转矩突变，根据车速和稳定性参数制定模糊规则决策2种模式的协调系数，保证2种控制模式的平滑过渡。基于CarSim和MATLAB/Simulink进行联合仿真，并搭建硬件在环平台进行试验，对所提出的方法进行验证。结果表明：在低速转向工况下，提出的分配策略能够调节内外侧车轮产生差速效果，与转矩平均分配的策略相比，转向半径有所减小，提高车辆机动性；高速转向工况下，分配策略能够保证车辆稳定转向，与未考虑稳定性控制的分配策略相比，能更好地跟踪目标轨迹，且横摆角速度控制在参考横摆角速度附近，证明了所提控制策略的有效性。     

Fuzzy-logic applied to yaw moment control for vehicle stability

In this paper, we propose a new yaw moment control based on fuzzy logic to improve vehicle handling and stability. The advantages of fuzzy methods are their simplicity and their good performance in controlling non-linear systems. The developed controller generates the suitable yaw moment which is obtained from the difference of the brake forces between the front wheels so that the vehicle follows the target values of the yaw rate and the sideslip angle. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method when the vehicle is subjected to different cornering steering manoeuvres such as change line and J-turn under different driving conditions (dry road and snow-covered).     

Fuzzy-logic applied to yaw moment control for vehicle stability

In this paper, we propose a new yaw moment control based on fuzzy logic to improve vehicle handling and stability. The advantages of fuzzy methods are their simplicity and their good performance in controlling non-linear systems. The developed controller generates the suitable yaw moment which is obtained from the difference of the brake forces between the front wheels so that the vehicle follows the target values of the yaw rate and the sideslip angle. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method when the vehicle is subjected to different cornering steering manoeuvres such as change line and J-turn under different driving conditions (dry road and snow-covered).     

基于模糊逻辑的车辆侧偏角估计方法

提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的汽车侧偏角估计方法。它利用模糊逻辑和汽车运动学模型,将汽车转向盘转角、车轮转速、汽车加速度和横摆角速度信息相融合,进行车辆侧偏角估计。试验结果显示,该方法的鲁棒性和精确性较好,而且响应频率较高,可以满足ESP的控制需要。     

基于驾驶人转向意图的双电机驱动电动汽车稳定性控制策略

为了使双电机驱动电动车在车辆稳定性控制过程中能够精确解读驾驶意图,使车辆实际行驶状态与驾驶意图期望的车辆行驶状态尽可能相符合,提出一种基于驾驶人意图辨识的稳定性控制策略.利用基于支持向量机递归特征消除(SVM-RFE)得到的特征参数构建基于长短期记忆(LSTM)模型的驾驶人转向意图辨识模型;基于转向意图识别结果,以方向...     

基于横摆力矩的汽车稳定性控制策略

为提高车辆的横向稳定性,获得良好的操纵性能,利用ADAMS/car和MATLAB/simulink建立了以横摆角速度和质心侧偏角为控制变量的多级PID仿真模型,分别采用了单个车轮制动和单侧车轮制动产生附加横摆力矩的方式.通过蛇形试验验证了ESP控制器的有效性和对比了2种制动方式的控制效果.仿真试验表明：采用该ESP控制器可以很好地保持车辆的稳定性,采用单侧车轮制动产生附加横摆力矩的方式具有更快的控制速度和更好的控制效果.