PRK术后家兔角膜透射电镜、扫描电镜的实验研究

应用 SVS APEX PLUS型准分子激光治疗系统对 6只家兔双眼进行 PRK术 ,设定右眼- 4.0 0 D,左眼 - 8.0 0 D。分别于术后 3天、30天、1 0 0天两组随机选取 1只家兔 ,使其猝死摘除双眼球 ,取其角膜。每只角膜分为两半 ,一半角膜电镜下观察其超微结构 (1 /4行 SEM,1 /4行TEM)。透射电镜观察手术后 1 0 0天 ,角膜上皮细胞基本恢复正常。扫描电镜观察则上皮细胞界限分明 ,上皮明亮细胞较多 ,但微绒毛、微皱褶相对减少。提示 PRK术后 1 0 0天角膜组织结构基本正常 ,但仍有组织薄弱处和特殊性改变。其角膜上皮微绒毛、微皱褶相对减少 ,可能是临床上PRK术后部分患者近期角膜干燥的原因之一     

CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF EXCIMER LASER PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY FOR TREATMENT OF MYOPIA AND MYOPIC ASTIGMATISM

Ｉｎ１９８３，Ｔｒｏｋｅｌｅｔａｌ〔１〕ｆｉｒｓｔｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈｅｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｒｅａｓｅａｒｃｈａｂｏｕｔｅｘｃｉｍｅｒｌａｓｅｒ．Ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｕｓｉｎｇｏｆｅｘｃｉｍｅｒｌａｓｅｒｐｈｏ－ｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏ...     

EFFECT OF FUNDUS PIGMENT ON RESPONSE OF RABBIT RETINA TO TRANSPUPILLARY THERMOTHERAPY

Objective To study the effect of fundus pigment on the response of the retina to transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Methods The retina were irradiated with 810 nm diode laser in 16 eyes of 8 pigmented rabbits and 12 eyes of 6 albino rabbits. The spot size was 1.2 mm; the duration was 60 s; and powers were 50, 80, 150 and 300 mW for pigmented rabbits and 800, 1 200 and 1 500mW for albino rabbits. All of the eyes were followed up with ophthalmolscope. The fundus was photographed and examined histologically with optic microscope immediately and 1 month after TTT respectively. Results The changes of the fundus and the histological examination were not significant immediately and 1 month after TTT in 50 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 800 mW of albino rabbit. Grey spot on the retina was observed on the fundus in 80 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 1 200 mW of albino rabbit immediately after TTT. The structure of the retina remained intact and subretinal fluid was observed histologically. Grey spot was still visible on the fundus, though the fluid was absorbed after 1 month. As the power of diode laser was increased to 150 mW for pigmented rabbits and 1500 mW for albino rabbit, fundus white spots were observed and the outer retina was destroyed while photoreceptors existed immediately after TTT. Pigmentation was found in white lesions and the fibrous proliferation was found in choroid 1 month after TTT. Prominent white spot was seen on the fundus immediately after laser irradiation of 300 mW in pigmented rabbits and the structure of the retina was obscured. One month after TTT, dense pigmentation appeared at laser lesions. The retina was thinner. There was prominent fibrous proliferation in the choroid. Conclusion The fundus pigment seems to play an important role in the response of the retina to TTT. The reaction of the retina is in proportion to the intensity of laser.     

土贝母皂甙对家兔单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的作用

目的评价土贝母皂甙(tubei moside,Tu)治疗家兔单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎(herpes si mplex keratitis,HSK)的效果。方法在地鼠肾细胞BHK-21上进行单纯疱疹病毒I型(HSV-1型)SM44毒株复苏,制作兔HSK模型。家兔分为0.2g/L Tu、无环鸟苷(ACV)和生理盐水(NS)3组,采用裂隙灯显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察眼部病变的变化。结果0.2g/L Tu、无环鸟苷和生理盐水组第6~8天角膜病变分值分别为3.13~3.5、1.75~1.88和3.83~3.88,第14天时为2.07、1.13和2.77,3组间比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。0.2g/L Tu可以显著缩小角膜病变面积,促进角膜上皮细胞的修复,其作用优于生理盐水组,但不及ACV组。结论Tu点眼剂治疗实验性HSK有一定的疗效,但尚不及ACV。     

兔眼硅胶膜植入滤过术的实验研究

目的 建立兔眼硅胶膜植入引流术模型,通过眼压、滤过泡及光镜下形态学的观察,探讨硅胶膜植入引流术的可行性、安全性。方法 将40只家兔随机分为4组,每组10只。每只家兔随机选择一眼植入硅胶膜,对侧眼行滤过术作为对照,术后观察眼压和滤过泡,并行病理组织学检查。结果 硅胶膜植入眼眼压下降维持时间和滤过泡的持续时间均长于对照眼。光镜显示硅胶膜植入眼可见开放的滤过道和咬切口。植入眼与对照眼的成纤维细胞增殖活性及规律相似。结论 硅胶膜引流术是一种安全、有效、操作简单的引流性手术。     

莫索尼定点眼对家兔葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流量的影响

目的　测定莫索尼定 (Moxonidine ,MOX)局部应用后对家兔葡萄膜巩膜途径 (Uveoscle raloutflow ,Fu)房水流出量的影响 ,探讨MOX局部应用的房水动力学机制。方法　正常家兔2 0只 ,随机分为 2组 ,分别采用生理盐水及莫索尼定点眼 ,点眼前及点眼后 3 0min ,测量双眼眼压。点眼后 1 .5h用 0 .1mmol/L异硫氰酸荧光素牛血清白蛋白 (Fluorescein isothiocyanatebovinealbumi,FITC BSA)行前房灌注 ,测定Fu各组织的荧光强度 ,采用改良Suguro法计算各组Fu房水再现量。结果　MOX单侧点眼后 ,点眼侧兔眼Fu房水再现量为 (7.2 1± 0 .988)×1 0 - 1 μL·3 0min- 1 ,对侧眼Fu房水再现量为 (7.5 3± 0 .2 1 4)× 1 0 - 1 μL·3 0min- 1 ,与对照组相比具有显著性差异。结论　局部点用MOX可通过增加后路房水流量降低眼压     

选择性PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对兔PVR的治疗作用

目的　评价一种新的血小板源性生长因子 (platelet derivedgrowthfactor,PDGF)受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂AG12 95对兔增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变 (proliferativevitreoretinopathy ,PVR)的治疗作用。 方法　兔结膜成纤维细胞 (rabbitconjunctivalfibroblastscells,RCF)培养 ,用MTT分析法检测PDGF AA和 BB以及AG12 95对兔RCF的增殖状况的影响。建立PVR动物模型 ,玻璃体腔内给予AG12 95 ,用牵引性视网膜脱离 (tractionalretinaldetach ment,TRD)的发生率判断药物的体内疗效。眼视网膜电生理检查和HE染色分析药物的毒性。结果　 10 μmol·L-1和 10 0 μmol·L-1两种浓度的AG12 95均可显著抑制由PDGF AA和 BB诱导的成纤维细胞的增生 ,10 0 μmol·L-1AG12 95可减缓兔TRD的发生 ,但其作用仅持续至第 2 1d。在AG12 95治疗组中 ,未发现明显的网膜毒性。结论　PDGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂AG12 95可减缓兔TRD的发生。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON UVEOSCLERAL OUTFLOW WITH FITC-BSA AS A TRACER IN RABBIT EYE

Ｕｖｅｏｓｃｌｅｒａｌｄｒａｉｎａｇｅｏｆａｑｕｅｏｕｓｈｕ－ｍｏｒｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔａｑｕｅｏｕｓｈｕｍｏｒｐａｓｓｅｓ,ｆｒｏｍａｎｔｅｒｉｏｒｃｈａｍｂｅｒ,ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒ－ｓｔｉｔｉａｌｓｐａｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｉｌｉａｒｙｍｕｓ...     

匹罗卡品家兔点眼对葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量的影响

为探讨匹罗卡品家兔点眼对葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出色的影响，用1％匹罗卡品（Pilocarpine，PC）对家免单侧点眼。并用0.1mmol／L异硫氰酸荧光素牛血清白蛋白（Fluoreceinisothlocyanate－bovineserumalbumin，FITC－BSA）持续前房灌注30min。测定前、后葡萄膜等6种组织的FITC－BSA含量，计算每眼的葡萄膜巩膜层水流出量（Uveosderdoutflow，Fu）。分别比较点眼前后眼压和点眼后双眼的Fu。结果示：PC点眼后1h处理眼眼压为（0．70±0．08）kPa，下降率为25％（P＜0．01），对照眼眼压无显著变化（P＞0．05）；点眼后2h处理眼Fu值为（0．123±0．026）μl／min，对照眼Fu值为0．177±0．032）μl／min，双眼比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。说明1％PC单侧点眼可降低正常家兔眼压，PC可阻断家兔葡萄膜巩膜途径房水外流，兔眼的眼压下降主要为前路排出增加所致。     

Experimental study on cyclosporine A drug delivery system in prevention of posterior capsule opacification after intraocular lens implantation in rabbits

Objective To study the effect of cyclosporine A drug delivery system (CsA-DDS) on the prevention of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after experimental intraocular lens implantation in rabbit eyes. Methods Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits, whose left eyes and right eyes were used respectively as experiment eyes and controls, were subjected to extracapsular lens extraction and artificial lens implantation. During the operation, CsA-DDS with poly (lactideco-glycolide) as carriers or empty DDS was implanted in the capsular bag for the experimental eyes and controls respectively. After the operation, anterior chamber reaction, intraocular pressure (IOP) and CsA concentration were monitored and twelve weeks after the operation, the eyes were extracted for histopathological and morphological examinations. Results There were no differences between the two groups in conjunctival congestion,IOP change and anterior chamber reaction. PCO was less severe in the experimental eyes than in the controls. Light microscopy revealed that posterior capsular membrane in the experimental eyes was slick, with no obvious proliferation,whereas in the controls, there were lens epithelial cell proliferation and cortex regeneration of different degrees.Morphological examination with electron microscope showed that in the experimental eyes, lens epithelial cells did not function actively and apoptosis occurred, whereas in the controls, epithelial cells presented active function. No marked ultrastructural changes were found in either group. Conclusion Cs-DDS can inhibit PCO after intraocular lens implantation in rabbit eyes and does not have toxic effects on the surrounding ocular tissues. Therefore, it has a good potential for clinical use in prevention of PCO.     

角膜基质脱细胞处理与相容性实验研究

目的寻找有效适宜的脱细胞方法对猪角膜进行处理,制备角膜生物支架材料。方法利用胰酶和胶原酶消化结合液氮冻融的方法对猪角膜基质进行处理,60Co消毒,冻干保存。经组织学观察、细胞培养附和与动物移植检验其生物特性。结果获得的脱细胞角膜基质,显微结构观察显示板层结构完整,胶原纤维间组织结构疏松,未见细胞残留,整个基质成网状结构,在上皮面保存有完整连续的基底膜。细胞培养附和实验观察到种子细胞可以在基质上良好生长。动物移植实验未见明显的炎症反应与排斥。结论经该法脱细胞处理后得到的角膜基质无细胞毒性,组织相容性好,可以成为适宜的组织工程支架材料。     

冷冻伤致家兔角膜内皮损伤动物模型的建立

用冷冻法建立家兔角膜内皮损伤的动物模型。将直径为 8mm的铜探头置于液氮中数秒后取出 ,待探头温度显示在 - 12 0℃时将其垂直放于兔角膜中央表面分别接触 5s和 15s。结果显示冷冻区的角膜内皮细胞完全被破坏 ,内皮细胞损伤区与未损伤区之间界限清晰。冷冻 5s和 15s能造成面积相近的角膜内皮缺损 (P >0 .0 5) ,而冷冻 5s者角膜水肿较轻 (P <0 .0 5)。伤后 2 d,内皮缺损面积为(4 .13± 1.97) mm2 ,伤后 3d,一部分的角膜内皮已愈合 ,伤后 4 d所有角膜内皮缺损已被大小不一、形态不规则的再生内皮细胞所覆盖。伤后 12 d,再生的内皮细胞大小趋于均匀一致 ,为多边形。本试验通过对冷冻探头温度的统一监测 ,建立了兔角膜内皮损伤的动物模型 ,并且本模型具有可重复性及简单易行的特点。     

实验性单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎角膜神经损伤的观察

目的观察兔实验性单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎(HSK),不同病程阶段的角膜神经组织损伤的显微及超微结构的改变。方法兔角膜刮痕接种HSVⅠ,多聚酶链反应技术检测兔角膜感染,分期进行角膜美蓝活组织染色,光镜及透射电镜下观察角膜神经的改变。结果感染HSK后第4天光镜下即出现角膜神经纤维稀疏、变细,中央神经网密度下降。至7～14d,神经损伤显著。第30天,仍未达到正常的神经网密度。电镜下,HSK后第4天,上皮内神经末梢轴膜不完整,轴浆部分溶解。第7～14d,神经损伤严重。第30天,神经轴膜仍不完整,轴浆内微管及小泡减少。结论HSK导致角膜神经纤维损伤及神经网密度下降,且角膜神经损伤恢复较慢。     

T-PA辅助兔青光眼滤过手术的实验研究(Ⅰ)

目的　探讨组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (t -PA)在兔眼青光眼滤过术毕前房小剂量 (2 5μg)注射的有效性。方法　采用前瞻性、盲法对照研究 ,2 0只健康白色家兔双眼行全厚巩膜咬切滤过手术 ,术毕随机选一眼为t-PA治疗眼 ,另一眼为等量生理盐水对照眼 ,术后临床观察结合光电镜检查。结果　生理盐水对照组术后 1日和 3日滤过道及滤泡腔内有纤维蛋白凝块及红细胞栓子阻塞 ,而t-PA治疗组滤过道完全开放 ,炎性细胞及成纤维细胞的数量明显减少 ;术后 7日和 1 4日t-PA治疗组手术区肉芽组织和瘢痕组织的量亦明显少于对照组。与组织学检查相一致 ,术后 1周内治疗组滤过泡比对照组明显增大。两组均未见明显毒副作用。结论　t-PA可有效溶解滤过道及滤泡腔内的纤维蛋白凝块 ,提高青光眼滤过手术的成功率     

兔眼葡萄膜巩膜引流术后FITC-Dextran在眼组织中的分布

目的观察兔眼葡萄膜巩膜引流术后房水流出道的形态学改变。方法 20只中国白兔随机分为2组,一组行葡萄膜巩膜引流术,另一组行小梁切除术,均行右眼手术。术后2周术眼前房内灌注异硫氰酸荧光素标记的葡聚糖(FITC-Dextran),处死后取完整眼球做冰冻切片,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察荧光素的分布。与手术部位处在眼环同一子午线上的同眼的对称部位未手术眼组织作为对照。结果在葡萄膜巩膜引流术组,荧光素的分布在前、中部巩膜最强,前葡萄膜次之;而在小梁切除术组,荧光素的分布在前葡萄膜最强,前、中部巩膜次之,两组的后葡萄膜和后巩膜均有部分中等亮度的显影,对照组的后葡萄膜和后巩膜则几乎无显影,且两组的前、中部巩膜荧光素强度均明显高于对照组。结论葡萄膜巩膜引流术和小梁切除术术后房水引流均是多途径的,既有外滤过,还增强了葡萄膜巩膜引流。与小梁切除术相比,葡萄膜巩膜引流术还明显增加了跨巩膜引流。     

活血效灵丹对家兔脑出血后脑水肿和脑血肿的影响

目的　研究脑出血后应用活血效灵丹对脑水肿和脑血肿的作用。方法　以胶原酶Ⅶ诱导家兔脑出血模型 ,利用干湿重法检测脑组织含水量 ,研究不同时间给药 (6h、2 4h)对脑组织含水量的影响及脑血肿的治疗效果。结果造模后血肿侧脑组织含水量在第 4天、7天均较对照组增高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 1) ,且血肿侧高于非血肿侧 (P <0 .0 1～0 .0 0 1) ;经过活血效灵丹治疗后 ,6h和 2 4h治疗组血肿侧脑组织含水量均较模型组明显减少 ,其中 6h治疗组含水量减少略优于 2 4h治疗组 (P <0 0 5 )。治疗组在第 4天、7天 ,脑血肿的体积明显小于模型组 (P <0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ,但 6h和 2 4h治疗组血肿体积无明显差异。结论　脑出血后早期应用活血效灵丹对脑水肿和脑血肿具有治疗作用     

活血效灵丹对脑出血兔血脑屏障及脑组织超微结构的影响

目的　研究脑出血后应用活血效灵丹对血脑屏障 (BBB)及脑组织超微结构的影响。方法　以胶原酶诱导家兔脑出血模型 ,观察不同时间 (6h、2 4h)活血效灵丹灌胃对血肿周围脑组织伊文斯兰 (EB)含量及超微结构的影响。结果　①模型组脑组织EB含量在第 4、7天均较正常对照组明显增高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 ) ,且血肿侧明显高于对侧 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;6h、2 4h治疗组血肿周围脑组织EB含量在造模后第 4、7天均较模型组降低 (P <0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ,但 6h治疗组和 2 4h治疗组相比 ,EB含量下降的程度无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。②模型组神经元、胶质细胞及其亚细胞结构和毛细血管均可见明显损害 ,治疗组均有不同程度的减轻 ,6h治疗组的效果优于 2 4h治疗组。结论　脑出血后应用活血效灵丹具有保护BBB和脑组织超微结构的作用 ;超早期 (6h)用药对BBB的保护作用无明显优势 ,但有利于减轻神经细胞超微结构的损害     

Effects of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin on HIF-1α expression in the retina in a rabbit model of acute high intraocular pressure

Objective To observe the expression of hypoxia inducible faetor-1α (HIF-1α) in the retina of rabbits with acute high intraocular pressure and to investigate the mechanism of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protecting the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods First, control group and model group were established in rabbit eyes. The acute high intraocular pressure model was established by saline perfusion into anterior chamber, and then hypodermic injection of domestic rhEPO was made. HIF-1α protein in the retina was observed by immunohistochemical staining method on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after retinal ischemla-reperfusion, respectively. Results No cells with HIF-la positive expression were observed in the retina of the control group. Ceils with HIF-1α positive expression in the model group outnumbered those in the control group (P < 0. 01). The resemblance pattern occurred in EPO group but its degree was slightly greater than that in the model group from day 3 after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05). Conclusion Domestic rhEPO can down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α in the retina with acute high intraocular pressure, which may be one of the mechanisms that rhEPO protects the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

兔髂动脉内膜受损后增生和c-myc基因的表达

研究兔髂动脉内皮剥脱时血管壁细胞的反应特点和 c- myc基因的表达规律。用标准血管成形导管髂动脉球囊损伤 1 2只家兔的右髂总动脉后 ,分别于 3、7、40 d处死动物 ,用透射电镜观察术后 3d平滑肌细胞 ( SMC)超微结构的变化 ,光镜观察术后血管壁细胞的反应特点和 c- myc蛋白表达规律 ,同时对术后 40 d动物行血管造影。结果发现 :术后 3d兔髂总动脉中层 SMC由收缩型转变为分泌型 ,并向内膜下迁移 ,可见管腔内有血栓形成 ,1周时弹力板不完整 ,中膜 SMC排列紊乱 ,术后 40 d增生的 SMC和细胞外基质形成新生内膜 ,血管造影显示管腔狭窄 5 0 %～ 80 % ;球囊损伤段髂总动脉新生内膜 c- myc蛋白免疫组化染色为阳性 ,而对照组为阴性。结论 :球囊损伤髂动脉后可引起 SMC迁移、增生 ,其和细胞外基质一起形成新生内膜 ,管腔狭窄 ;SMC增生和 c- myc基因表达密切相关。     

FITC-BSA示踪法测定兔眼葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量

用异硫氰酸荧光素牛血清白蛋白（Fluorescein－isothiocvanatebovineserumalbumin，FITC－BSA）示踪法测定兔眼葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量。造健康白色家兔6只12眼，测量双眼眼压。用0．1mmol／LFITC－BSA持续前房灌注30min，灌注毕处死家兔，摘除双眼球，并将组织分离为前葡萄膜、后葡萄膜、前巩膜、后巩膜、视网膜和残余液体等6种组织。测定每种组织的荧光强度，计算每眼葡萄膜巩膜房水流出量（uveoscleraloutflow，Fu）为（0．178±0．029）μl／min。证明FITC－BSA示踪法是一种测定葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量的有效方法。