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为了提高线控转向车辆在高速工况下角传动比非线性响应的准确性,分析线控转向的功能指标,推导可变传动比的计算过程,讨论固定横摆角速度增益、固定侧向加速度增益、车速、方向盘输入对前轮转角映射结果的影响,建立基于模糊推理系统的可变传动比策略,针对理想传动比在车辆稳定性控制层面上的不足,采用前轮补偿角的方法进行最终前轮转角的决策。在验证过程中,搭建线控转向整车数学模型,选取典型转向输入工况,结合动力学仿真软件对总体系统设计进行联合仿真对比分析。实验结果分析证明,设计后的传动比策略可以实现方向盘指标需求,降低横摆角速度和质心侧偏角,有效减轻驾驶员的操作负荷,基于改进滑模控制的主动转向策略相比饱和函数指数趋近律滑模控制,超调量降低了9%,提高汽车行驶安全。 相似文献
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为实现商用车线控转向,设计一套新的线控转向系统架构及其转角跟踪控制算法。新的线控转向系统采用丝杠螺母结构中的丝杠直接控制纵拉杆,螺母通过带轮机构被电机驱动。对线控转向系统结构进行运动学分析,推导转向系统可变传动比,采用前轮转角为状态变量,建立线控转向系统二阶动力学模型。基于转角跟踪目标,采用反步控制算法,设计线控转向系统转角跟踪控制器,通过反馈系统线性化处理系统参数不确定和环境干扰问题,实现准确的目标转角跟踪,并建立李雅普诺夫函数,证明了采用反步控制的线控转向系统是渐进稳定的。搭建采用“丝杠螺母+带轮机构”架构的线控转向实车底盘测试台架,选取蛇形和混合工况进行控制算法验证。研究结果表明:与滑模控制算法的测试结果对比可知,反步控制算法绝对平均跟踪误差值降低了71.88%~79.57%,跟踪误差标准偏差值降低了71.32%~78.50%;线控转向系统反步控制转角跟踪算法能够减少系统收敛到原点的时间,抑制系统的抖振,提高车辆线控转向系统转角跟踪的操纵灵活性。 相似文献
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为了满足高等级自动驾驶转向执行机构的高安全性需求,研究一种采用冗余双电机转向执行机构的线控转向系统,针对双电机在转角伺服控制过程中存在的不同步问题,提出一种基于滑模控制的同步控制策略。首先,对采用冗余双电机转向执行机构的线控转向系统进行结构原理的分析,建立线控系统转向执行机构模型和车辆二自由度模型;然后,为实现转向执行机构的转角伺服控制,在位置、速度、电流的三闭环控制策略的基础上设计速度同步控制器。为解决2个转向执行电机运行过程中存在的速度不同步问题,采用滑模控制方法,将2个电机的转速差值作为控制器的输入量,得到双电机电流的补偿量,并将其叠加至双电机的目标电流中。同时,将上述控制策略与传统PID控制进行对比仿真试验,验证了基于滑模同步控制的线控双电机执行器能够更好地协调双电机的转速,实现双电机同步运行。最后,搭建线控转向硬件在环试验台,对所设计的控制策略的有效性进行验证。结果表明:所设计的双电机线控转向系统滑模同步控制策略能够在实现转角伺服控制的同时,减少双电机的速度不同步现象,保证线控转向系统转角伺服的同步性能。 相似文献
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为实现四轮独立驱动电动汽车的自适应巡航功能,采用基于趋近律的滑模控制理论设计了自适应巡航控制系统。上位控制器以实际车距与期望车距的偏差作为输入,采用滑模控制律获得主车期望加速度,然后将期望加速度作为下位控制器的输入,计算出电机期望转矩,用于实现自适应巡航控制。在CarSim中建立电动汽车整车模型,并与Simulink进行联合仿真。仿真结果表明,在前车匀速、加速、减速等直线行驶工况以及曲率较大的弯道行驶工况下,提出的自适应巡航控制方法均能够使主车具有良好的跟踪能力。 相似文献
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分布式驱动电动汽车可以实现四轮转矩分配和差动转向,提升整车的动力学控制性能和经济性,但是四轮转矩独立可控的特点也对功能安全提出挑战。当前轮单侧电机出现执行器故障失效情况时,不仅会产生附加横摆力矩降低车辆安全性,差动转向功能的存在还会使车辆严重偏航。基于此,在设计分布式驱动-线控转向一体化底盘的基础上,基于功能安全提出一种分布式驱动电动汽车前轮失效补偿控制策略。首先建立分布式驱动失效动力学模型,分析前轮失效对车辆状态的影响机理,发现单一的驱动转矩截断控制无法满足车辆状态修正需求;其次设计一套备用的线控转向结构,通过变截距滑模控制算法提高切换状态下线控转向系统的转角跟踪性能,并用台架试验验证跟踪的准确性;然后设计自适应失效诊断观测器实时诊断驱动系统的电机故障,在将对应轮进行驱动转矩截断后,通过模型预测控制算法对车轮转矩重新分配实现纵向和侧向的状态跟踪;最后通过仿真和实车试验验证所提失效补偿控制策略的有效性和可用性。研究结果表明:分布式驱动电动汽车前轮单侧电机失效后,备用的线控转向系统能及时矫正前轮转角,所提出的失效补偿控制策略能够快速恢复车辆的稳定性和路径跟踪能力。 相似文献
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针对轮毂电机分布式驱动越野车辆在狭小空间快速机动的需求,设计了一种分层结构的原地转向控制策略。基于动力学原理分析了各轮载荷、附着条件对原地转向横摆速度的影响机理,并搭建原地转向运动学模型,上层采用模型预测控制算法设计原地转向理想轨迹以及期望的横摆角速度,开发基于 PI滑模控制的横摆运动跟踪算法,通过补偿转向横摆力矩以提高方向角控制的鲁棒性和稳定性,下层以最优轮胎利用率为目标,设计二次规划算法优化分配各轮附加横摆力矩。dSPACE 硬件在环测试结果表明,所提出的控制算法可在保证稳定性的前提下实现原地转向,大幅提高了车辆的转向机动性,在方向盘动态输入仿真中,车辆最大转弯半径为 0.157 m,转向中心的最大偏移量为 3.610 m;同时,驾驶员能对转向过程进行闭环控制,实现了原地转向过程中横摆速度的实时调节。 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(12):1149-1168
Vehicle steering dynamics show resonances, which depend on the longitudinal speed, unstable equilibrium points and limited stability regions depending on the constant steering wheel angle, longitudinal speed and car parameters. The main contribution of this paper is to show that a combined decentralized proportional active front steering control and proportional-integral active rear steering control from the yaw rate tracking error can assign the eigenvalues of the linearised single track steering dynamics, without lateral speed measurements, using a standard single track car model with nonlinear tire characteristics and a non-linear first-order reference model for the yaw rate dynamics driven by the driver steering wheel input. By choosing a suitable nonlinear reference model it is shown that the responses to driver step inputs tend to zero (or reduced) lateral speed for any value of longitudinal speed: in this case the resulting controlled vehicle static gain from driver input to yaw rate differs from the uncontrolled one at higher speed. The closed loop system shows the advantages of both active front and rear steering control: higher controllability, enlarged bandwidth for the yaw rate dynamics, suppressed resonances, new stable cornering manoeuvres, enlarged stability regions, reduced lateral speed and improved manoeuvrability; in addition comfort is improved since the phase lag between lateral acceleration and yaw rate is reduced. For the designed control law a robustness analysis is presented with respect to system failures, driver step inputs and critical car parameters such as mass, moment of inertia and front and rear cornering stiffness coefficients. Several simulations are carried out on a higher order experimentally validated nonlinear dynamical model to confirm the analysis and to explore the robustness with respect to unmodelled dynamics. 相似文献
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Riccardo Marino Stefano Scalzi Fabio Cinili 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2007,45(12):1149-1168
Vehicle steering dynamics show resonances, which depend on the longitudinal speed, unstable equilibrium points and limited stability regions depending on the constant steering wheel angle, longitudinal speed and car parameters.
The main contribution of this paper is to show that a combined decentralized proportional active front steering control and proportional-integral active rear steering control from the yaw rate tracking error can assign the eigenvalues of the linearised single track steering dynamics, without lateral speed measurements, using a standard single track car model with nonlinear tire characteristics and a non-linear first-order reference model for the yaw rate dynamics driven by the driver steering wheel input. By choosing a suitable nonlinear reference model it is shown that the responses to driver step inputs tend to zero (or reduced) lateral speed for any value of longitudinal speed: in this case the resulting controlled vehicle static gain from driver input to yaw rate differs from the uncontrolled one at higher speed. The closed loop system shows the advantages of both active front and rear steering control: higher controllability, enlarged bandwidth for the yaw rate dynamics, suppressed resonances, new stable cornering manoeuvres, enlarged stability regions, reduced lateral speed and improved manoeuvrability; in addition comfort is improved since the phase lag between lateral acceleration and yaw rate is reduced.
For the designed control law a robustness analysis is presented with respect to system failures, driver step inputs and critical car parameters such as mass, moment of inertia and front and rear cornering stiffness coefficients. Several simulations are carried out on a higher order experimentally validated nonlinear dynamical model to confirm the analysis and to explore the robustness with respect to unmodelled dynamics. 相似文献
The main contribution of this paper is to show that a combined decentralized proportional active front steering control and proportional-integral active rear steering control from the yaw rate tracking error can assign the eigenvalues of the linearised single track steering dynamics, without lateral speed measurements, using a standard single track car model with nonlinear tire characteristics and a non-linear first-order reference model for the yaw rate dynamics driven by the driver steering wheel input. By choosing a suitable nonlinear reference model it is shown that the responses to driver step inputs tend to zero (or reduced) lateral speed for any value of longitudinal speed: in this case the resulting controlled vehicle static gain from driver input to yaw rate differs from the uncontrolled one at higher speed. The closed loop system shows the advantages of both active front and rear steering control: higher controllability, enlarged bandwidth for the yaw rate dynamics, suppressed resonances, new stable cornering manoeuvres, enlarged stability regions, reduced lateral speed and improved manoeuvrability; in addition comfort is improved since the phase lag between lateral acceleration and yaw rate is reduced.
For the designed control law a robustness analysis is presented with respect to system failures, driver step inputs and critical car parameters such as mass, moment of inertia and front and rear cornering stiffness coefficients. Several simulations are carried out on a higher order experimentally validated nonlinear dynamical model to confirm the analysis and to explore the robustness with respect to unmodelled dynamics. 相似文献
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汽车转向系统发展至今,已经历了机械转向、液压助力转向、电控液压转向、电动助力转向、主动转向、后轮随动转向、线控转向和操纵手柄式转向等形式。本文对各种助力转向系统技术及控制策略进行研究,为转向系统的进一步研究提供理论基础。 相似文献
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本文提出了一种新的电动助力转向系统的控制策略,以减小车辆静止时改变方向所需的转向力。以前尝试通过减少不良的转向振动来减少转向扭矩失败的原因是因为高辅助增益往往会产生震荡或增加噪声敏感性。为了消除此种振动,开发出一种基于控制齿轮角速度的控制策略,它是在简化的转向模型的基础上开发出来的。这个实验获得了很好的齿轮角速度的估计值,这样就有可能消除方向盘所有旋转速度下的振动。实验证明在方向盘大转速变换下,转向扭矩显著降低,无振动传输给司机。所提出的控制策略使用一个辅助来获得超过原来的三倍以上的增益。此外,所提出的控制策略不需要补充传感器。 相似文献
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简述车辆四轮转向技术的应用,经过对机场牵引汽车四轮转向系统的研究,提出一种新的控制方式,在随动轮角度跟随基础上加入汽车行驶速度控制因子,既解决了车辆高速行驶的稳定性问题,也保证了车辆低速转弯的灵活性。 相似文献