天津港软土次固结变形特性研究

对天津港原状软土进行一维固结试验,研究该地区软土次固结特性。探讨荷载水平、加荷比、加载时间以及应力历史对次固结系数Ca值的影响,得到该地区软土Ca与Cc的关系。试验结果表明:次固结系数Ca随荷载的增大,先增大后减小;超固结状态下土的Ca随荷载的增大而增大;加荷比R改变会造成Ca~P曲线峰值的偏移,Ca随R的变化而变化,加载时间也会对Ca造成影响。该工程软土次固结系数Ca与压缩指数Cc之比在0.023~0.034之间。     

天津淤泥质粉质黏土一维固结蠕变特性

由软土蠕变产生的次固结沉降对软土地区建筑物及地基的稳定性具有很大危害。通过WG型固结仪对天津地区的一种软土进行了一维固结蠕变试验,得到了不同荷载作用下的沉降变形量。由试验结果发现,在分级加载时上一级荷载会导致土样发生强化现象,次固结系数随着荷载的增大呈现出先增大后减小并趋于一常数的规律。     

上海港外高桥港区地基处理后堆场沉降

考虑因软黏土的流变而产生的次固结沉降问题,结合Singh-Mitchell蠕变模型和双曲线型应力-应变模型得到上海淤泥质黏土的Mesri蠕变模型型式.该模型能较好地模拟上海地区软土在任意剪应力水平下的流变特性.基于现场的工后沉降测试和分层沉降数据,可知用该模型所得的计算值和实测值基本吻合.并进一步运用观测资料的回归分析法对现场工后沉降实测结果进行了拟合,得出了场地工后沉降的经验公式,该经验公式可用于类似地质条件下工程的沉降预测;得到了一些有益的结论,对类似工程有一定的借鉴意义.     

由实测沉降数据反演洋山地区淤泥质黏土的固结系数

通过分析实测沉降—时间曲线,采用太沙基固结理论和指数曲线拟合法,对洋山深水港区广泛分布的淤泥质黏土的固结系数进行了反演,为港区后续工程地基沉降预测和加固设计提供了依据。     

珠江三角洲入海口软土次固结系数特性研究

为了查明珠江三角洲入海口软土次固结系数变化特征,为港珠澳大桥岛隧工程提供精细化的沉降设计指标提供基础,通过采取I级不扰动软土样,进行室内分类试验和单向固结试验,获取相应的物理、变形指标,分析次固结系数随荷载变化特征,研究次固结系数与前期固结压力、压缩指数、含水量和塑性指数的相关性。结果显示,次固结系数随着含水量的增加、塑性指数的增大呈线性增长;次固结系数与压缩指数的比值在正常固结下并非是一个常数;次固结系数在前期固结压力前,值小,随着加荷递增,固结系数也增加;前期固结压力之后,主要随着加荷递增,次固结系数呈由大变小的趋势。经过研究,掌握了珠江三角洲入海口正常固结软土的次固结系数变化规律,建立了次固结系数与相关物理力学指标相关关系,为珠三角洲软土变形计算提供了地区性的指导作用。     

软粘土路基沉降的蠕变效应研究

天津滨海地区广泛分布深厚的软粘土,研究其蠕变特性对于预测该地区建筑工程的地基变形和长期稳定具有重要的意义。文章对天津滨海地区典型软粘土进行了一维固结蠕变试验,根据时间硬化蠕变定律建立了蠕变本构模型并确定了模型中的3个蠕变参数:应变率系数A、应力指数n和时间指数m。结合道路工程实践,运用有限元软件ABAQUS开展了路基沉降分析,对比了固结模型与蠕变模型的沉降量计算差异。研究表明,天津滨海地区软土的蠕变特性显著,考虑软土蠕变特性的路基沉降计算结果较固结模型大20%,且与工程实测结果吻合,软土蠕变导致的沉降量在道路工后沉降中占50%以上。     

往复荷载作用下粉质黏土固结系数的试验研究

应用基于太沙基的半解析一维固结理论,研究往复荷载作用下粉质黏土固结系数的变化规律。利用固结试验中的加载和卸载过程来模拟往复荷载,认为加载和卸载过程中的固结系数不同。通过试验得到粉质黏土加载和卸载的固结系数,对其变化规律进行研究,进而为实际工程提供参考。试验结果表明:往复荷载下在周期与荷载增量相同时,加载与卸载过程的固结系数随压力的增大呈减小趋势;在相同压力与相同荷载增量下,随着周期的增大,固结系数也呈减小趋势。对试验数据进行数值模拟,得到加载与卸载固结系数的函数关系为线性关系,并求得二者比值约为0.095,运用此值可以缩短测往复荷载作用下固结系数所需的时间,并为计算固结度以及沉降量提供参考。     

基于Gibson 大变形固结方程的软基沉降预测方法

基于Gibson大变形固结方程,结合吹填淤泥高压固结试验成果,对简化该方程的3个假定条件进行了验证,在此基础上提出了分级荷载下双层软基沉降预测的大变形固结简化方法,将其应用于围海造陆工程吹填淤泥与原状淤泥双层软基沉降过程预测,结果表明:1)常规预压荷载(≤200 kPa)下,固结压力0～25 kPa与25～200 kPa范围内,吹填淤泥的孔隙比e与有效应力及渗透系数与(1+e)分别满足线性关系,大变形固结系数近似为常数;2)大变形固结简化方法预测的双层软基沉降曲线相比于经典固结理论,更接近于实测曲线,为软基沉降预测提供了一种简易实用的方法。     

预压软土地基对超长群桩承载性状的影响

建立超长桩和土体共同作用的三维非线性有限元数值模型,采用预压排水固结法研究软土地基预压后超长桩的承载特性,分析地基土固结沉降、桩身侧摩阻力、桩顶位移-荷载曲线和桩身轴力的变化规律。通过运用控制变量法对预压时间和预压荷载以及不同土质的预压效果进行分析,对比分析单桩与群桩对预压效果的敏感度,并分析固结度对超长桩承载性状的影响。结果表明:预压能较好地改善地基、提高超长群桩的承载能力。增大预压荷载,可增大土体的固结沉降和桩身侧摩阻力;延长预压时间,可提高桩身侧摩阻力,减小桩顶沉降和桩身轴力;预压对群桩的影响好于单桩;固结度越大,超长群桩承载性能越好;对于粉质黏土、黏土以及淤泥质粉质黏土,当预压时间分别达到90 d及180 d时,地基固结基本完成,预压不再改变土的力学指标。     

循环荷载作用下淤泥质黏土软化试验研究

针对连云港地区淤泥质黏土颗粒细、渗透系数小的特点,研究了循环荷载作用下土体的软化规律,提出该类土体软化指标.通过三轴循环荷载试验,得到累积轴向应变值和轴向应变值随着循环应力幅值比和固结压力的增大而增大;土样中平均孔压比随着循环应力幅值比的增大而增大;循环荷载的周期越大累积轴向应变和平均孔压值越大;在循环荷载作用初期,变形模量的弱化随着循环应力幅值比和循环周数的增大而更加显著.对试验数据进行分析,得出在风暴潮的波浪循环荷载作用下,连云港地区淤泥质黏土的模量和强度折减系数在0.75~0.80之间.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.