共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 142 毫秒
1.
2.
俄罗斯正在研发质子交换膜燃料电池氢化酶催化剂替代铂催化剂、降低铂使用量、减少CO2对燃料电池催化剂中毒影响、研究开发纳米碳和小型天然气重整器制氢等。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
燃料电池电动汽车的技术难关和发展前景 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
本文在阐述了质子交换膜燃料电池上作原理的基础上,首先介绍了其质子交换膜与催化剂的研究现状。然后针对汽车领域的需要,给出了燃料电池发动机的概念,并对其燃料和氧化剂供给、水/热管理和控制等各子系统所要解决的技术难关进行了系统分析。同时对燃料电池车商业化所必然要涉及的氢燃料供给和价格等问题进行了较客观的论述。最后对燃料电池车的发展前景进行了预测,提出了相应的发展措施。 相似文献
8.
9.
各国氢燃料电池汽车已逐渐开始商用,但是氢燃料电池成本高、寿命差等问题仍未解决。从材料与结构出发,重点阐述了膜电极关键材料性能要求、研究进展、模拟仿真和重点企业方面内容。研究结果表明超薄高温低湿质子交换膜、高稳定性低铂催化剂以及高透氧离聚物能有效改善燃料电池膜电极的性能,并在当前实践中得到了应用。同时,在总结现阶段氢燃料电池膜电极研究进展的基础上,指出当前膜电极研究中的发展趋势和不足,并为膜电极产品开发和产业化提出了新的发展思路。 相似文献
10.
燃料电池电动汽车的汽车难关和发展前景 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文在阐述了质子交换膜燃料电池工作原理的基础上,首先介绍了其质子交换膜与催化剂的研究现状。然后针对汽车领域的需要,给出了燃料电池发动机的概念,并对其燃料和氧化剂供给、水/热管理和控制等各子系统所要解决的技术难关进行了系统分析。同时对燃料电池车商业化所必然要涉及的氢燃料供给和价格等问题进行了较客观的论述。最后对燃料电池车的发展前景进行了预测,提出了相应的发展措施。 相似文献
11.
为了拓宽选择性催化还原NO_x钒基催化剂的活性温度窗口,采用溶液燃烧合成法制备了TiV_(0.1)O_x催化剂,依次加入Mn元素与Er元素形成新的催化剂,分别对它们进行了SCR活性及选择性测试,发现负载Mn元素可以提高钒基催化剂的低温活性,同时也会降低钒基催化剂的高温活性,负载适量的Er元素可以提高钒基催化剂的高温活性和N_2选择性。利用N2吸附脱附法进行BET比表面积和孔容孔径分析,发现负载Er元素增大了比表面积,进而提升了催化剂活性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)图谱进行晶体结构分析,所有催化剂样品均没有发现VO_x,MnO_x或ErO_x的衍射峰,说明溶液燃烧法制备的催化剂活性组分在TiO2颗粒上呈无定型态分布,分散度高。最终优选出最佳Mn和Er比例的TiV_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)Er_(0.01)O_x催化剂,在160~470℃之间保持80%以上的NO_x去除率。 相似文献
12.
13.
This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI)
and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for
the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NOx trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption
trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk
temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed
and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion,
and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel
alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used
as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection.
Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed
the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO2), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off
temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation. 相似文献
14.
为了有效控制柴油机NOx排放量,采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同组合含量的钨基催化剂及掺杂不同过渡金属M的改性催化剂M-V2O5-WO3/TiO2(其中M可以是Ni,Zr,Fe,Cu),分别对两类催化剂进行了SCR脱硝活性测试,并进一步用XRD,TEM和NH3-TPD对催化剂进行了表征。研究表明,催化剂掺杂金属Zr时的催化效率较高,在低温(150℃)时也有较高的活性。催化剂活性增加的原因可能是掺杂金属Zr加强了V,W及载体TiO2的分散性,提高氧化还原能力和表面酸性,从而促进SCR性能。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
选取环烷酸铈溶液作为燃油催化再生添加剂(FBC)进行发动机台架试验,铈(Ce)元素按质量分数150 mg/kg的比例添加到纯柴油中,配制出 F150燃油。研究了铈基 FBC对柴油机排气烟度和颗粒组分的影响。结果表明,在标定转速25%,50%,75%和100%负荷下,燃用 F150燃油时的滤纸烟度相对于纯柴油分别降低了34.9%,44.2%,50.4%和30.2%。采用X‐射线能量色谱仪(EDS )对F150燃油颗粒物样品进行元素分析,Ce元素在颗粒物中的质量分数为1.23%。采用气相色谱质谱(GC‐M S )联用技术研究了铈基FBC对颗粒物中可溶性有机组分(SOF)的影响,同时运用热重分析法(TGA)研究铈基FBC添加剂对颗粒物中SOF含量以及炭烟氧化特性的影响。与纯柴油相比,F150颗粒物的SOF组分中各类烷烃和多环芳香烃的质量分数分别减小至40.2%和1.73%,有机酸酯的质量分数增大至51.6%。在热重试验中,F150颗粒物样品中SOF所占比重相对于柴油增加4.7%;F150燃油燃烧炭烟样品的起始燃烧温度降低,其燃烧炭烟峰值失重率所对应的温度降低。 相似文献
18.
H. N. Kim T. J. Kim B. C. Choi M. T. Lim 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2008,9(5):563-570
The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the characteristics of the size distribution and the number concentration
of PM (particulate matters) emitted from the diffusion flame of a boiler burner, which has the same type of combustion as
a diesel engine. This study is performed to investigate the emission characteristics of nanoparticles generated from diffusion
combustion in diesel fuel, and it considered fuel factors and the reaction characteristics of the nanoparticles on the DOC
(Diesel oxidation catalyst). The factors examined in this experiment included the sulfur content in the fuel, the blend of
the diesel fuel containing biodiesel and bio-ethanol, and the concentration of engine oil (0.1% and 1.0%) blended with diesel
fuel. The particle size distribution of the nanoparticles exhausted from the boiler burner was measured by an SMPS (scanning
mobility particle sizer). The number concentration of PM that were smaller than 70 nm in diameter greatly increased in the
rear of the DOC when fuel containing 250 ppm of sulfur was used. The experiment also suggested that the particle number concentration
in both the front and rear of the DOC was lower when ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) fuel blended with biodiesel and bio-ethanol,
which are oxygenated fuels, was used than when only ULSD fuel was used. The higher the content of engine oil in the fuel,
the higher the particle number concentration was in the front and rear of the catalyst. When the first dilution air temperature
is increased from 30°C to 180°C, the nanoparticle number concentration dramatically dropped in the rear of the catalyst when
fuel containing 250 ppm of sulfur was used, while the particle size distribution remained almost the same when the fuel with
engine oil was used. 相似文献
19.
用快速老化方法评价国产三效催化剂性能 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
我国自主研究开发的车用三效催化剂具有贵金属含量低和成本低的特点,但其性能指标特别是耐久性能否满足实用化要求的问题一直受到国内外汽车界的极大关注。 相似文献