CSR-H对3.5万吨散货船的影响评估

以3.5万吨散货船实船为例,主要通过SDP规范计算和DSA有限元计算,校核CSR-H对该船结构尺寸和质量的影响。在规范计算方面,主要核算不同工况下的轻货舱、重货舱/风暴压载舱的弯曲强度、剪切强度、极限强度和剩余强度对主要结构尺寸的影响。同时,对重货舱同时兼做风暴压载舱第三货舱的所有区域进行屈服强度评估和屈曲强度评估。     

基于1 900 TEU支线集装箱船各种载荷工况下的结构强度分析

对集装箱而言,最大中拱和中垂弯矩均出现在货舱区域,货舱区域船体结构应力水平较大,因此货舱区域的结构强度成为全船结构强度评估的重点。各船级社规范对货舱区域结构强度直接计算作了详细说明_[2,4],略有差别。本文采用有限元软件MSC.PATRAN/NASTRAN,基于CCS规范要求,对1900TEU集装箱船建立舱段有限元模型,进行强度计算及结果分析,完善结构设计,对相关的船舶设计提供一定的参考作用。     

壳板径向初挠度对内外环肋圆柱壳结构强度的影响分析

用参数化有限元法模拟壳板径向初挠度的分布,通过系列计算和应力系数的对比,研究局部内凹、外凸和整体椭圆度对圆柱壳结构强度的影响。考虑纵向弯曲载荷的贡献,提出了附加弯曲应力的一种估算方法,其结果与有限元接近且偏安全,可用于结构校核及结构加强。跨中壳板局部内凹使弯曲应力急剧上升,而中面应力则变幅较小。局部凹、凸产生的附加弯曲应力方向相反、大小相当,f/t相同时,外凸对应的合成弯曲应力明显小于内凹。局部凹凸度幅值对壳板强度的影响呈非线性,凹陷中心的σ20随f/t提高先缓慢增加而后下降,椭圆度幅值的影响是线性的但很小。     

散货船隔舱重载下极限强度简易计算方法研究

散货船在装载矿石等重货时,通常只装载在奇数货舱内,这就是所谓的隔舱重载工况。在这种工况下,中间舱的双层底结构除受到总纵弯曲作用外,还会受到邻舱重货引起的局部弯曲作用,而且该局部弯曲的作用会降低中拱状态下船体梁的极限强度。文章提出了一种简易计算方法,顶边舱结构和底边舱结构可以看作两根梁,双层底结构可视作正交异性板,运用双梁理论和正交异性板理论可推导出局部弯曲的影响。然后,考虑该局部弯曲的作用,用Smith法计算船体梁的极限强度。最后,将文中方法计算的结果与FEM结果进行比较,并对结果进行了分析。     

4350DWT多用途集装箱船纵向下水强度计算

无艏支架纵向下水中，船舶呈弹性体，然而，在下水计算中将船体假定为刚性体，简化为弹性支点的简支梁，采用船规法定的弯曲许用应力来校核，可得到满意的结果，从而简化了计算手续，4350DWT多用途一集装箱船单-狭长货舱类型船舶的纵向下水强度计算实例也说明了这一点，是符合GL船规弯曲许用应力规定的，对船舶纵向强度而言，该船的下水是安全，可靠的。     

轮印载荷作用下波纹型夹层板格强度特性分析

针对轮印块状载荷下的波纹型夹层板格结构,建立了应力分析计算方法。该方法基于Mindlin-Reissner板理论的夹层板格整体弯曲计算和经典板理论的芯材间上面板的局部弯曲计算,并将二者叠加得到轮印载荷下夹层板格总的弯曲特性。开发了基于MATLAB的计算程序,能方便地调整夹层板格尺寸及轮印块载荷的位置、尺寸和载荷值,计算相应的板格变形和各特征点应力值。讨论了结构尺寸参数、轮印载荷尺寸参数等对上面板局部弯曲应力及板格整体弯曲应力的影响特性,为这类结构的设计和优化提供有益的参考。     

4350 DWT多用途货船纵向下水强度计算

无艏支架纵向下水中，船舶呈弹性体。然而，在下水计算中将船体假定为刚性体，简化为弹性支点的简支梁，采用船规法定的弯曲许用应力来校核，可得出满意的结果，从而简化了计算手段。从4350DWT多用途货船单一狭长货舱类型船舶的纵向下水强度计算实例也说明了这一点，是符合GL船规弯曲许用应力的。从船舶纵向强度而言，该船的下水是安全、可靠的。     

基于波浪载荷直接计算的集装箱船全船结构强度分析

采用水动力计算软件SESAM对1艘1 036 TEU集装箱船进行波浪载荷长期预报,按照CCS《钢质海船入级规范(2018)》对该船进行全船结构强度有限元分析,结果表明,该集装箱船的弯扭组合强度问题比总纵弯曲强度问题更为严重,并且在货舱舱口角隅和双舷侧内的水平肘板处存在高应力区域,这类船舶的结构设计过程中应重视这类结构问题。     

大型LNG运输加注船结构强度有限元分析

按照DNV GL规范和指南,采用通用有限元计算软件MSC. Patran并结合DNV GL开发的新一代规范计算软件Nauticus Hull V.20和有限元计算软件Genie,以某大型LNG运输加注船中间货舱和第1货舱结构作为评估目标进行有限元分析。根据DNV GL规范,对部分高应力区域也进行细化计算。仿真计算结果表明:甲板气室开口区域和止浮结构强度满足要求,第1货舱舷侧外板需要加强,研究结果对今后中小型液化天然气船的设计有一定的参考价值。     

用于舱容计量修正的液货船结构变形曲线快速计算方法

对货舱满载时货舱区域结构变形曲线的形状和数值大小以及对舱容体积的影响程度等的快速计算进行分析研究，提出采用可操作、易测度的变形测度指标——拱垂度来联系货舱区域结构变形曲线的处理方法，探索建立货物载荷一拱垂度货舱区域结构变形曲线一货舱舱容体积修正的关联，进而求得同型船满载状态拱垂度、载荷大小、结构变形间的关系及规律。以某油船为例进行计算研究。结果表明：在满载状态下，船体舱段载荷对舱段拱垂值、最大变形值是有影响的，并且这种影响是有规律的；而船体载荷与船体结构变形最大值、拱垂值之间的关系是线性的。     

双壳型船体结构稳态温度场和温度应力

用简化解析方法和有限元数值方法,分析了双壳型船体货舱区域在运载高温液货时的稳态温度场;根据船体结构的温度分布,用有限元法计算了其温度应力,同时与货物压力、海水静动压力、总纵弯矩等载荷作用下的结构应力做了比较。研究结果表明：在货舱结构温度场分析中用简化分析方法和有限元数值方法所得的计算结果相当一致;高温液货大幅度增加船体结构的纵向应力和横向应力,同时加剧结构不连续处的应力集中;槽型舱壁可以有效地释放     

非线性混合海况下近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应

本文主要研究在非线性混合海况(即风浪和涌浪组合海况)下,以NREL 5MW_Baseline Monopile近海风机为研究对象,对其塔筒底部(基线)所受到的剪力和弯矩载荷的动力响应进行仿真。在近海风机的时域仿真中,选用了Ochi-Hubble六参数波浪谱,并编制了该谱的程序嵌入到FAST中进行编译。计算过程中,共进行了20次10 min的仿真分析。对于得到的短期载荷,给出了波高程,塔筒底部首尾向剪力和弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的时程曲线对比图。采用分块最大值法对每一次的短期载荷提取极值,并基于20次仿真所得的极值,给出了塔筒底部首尾向剪力与弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的超越概率曲线对比图。研究表明,在非线性混合海况下进行近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应研究,计算结果对工程实际应用具有指导意义。     

水下爆炸气泡作用下船体总纵强度估算方法

水下爆炸中的气泡脉动载荷会造成舰船的鞭状运动,对其总纵强度产生很大威胁,是战争中造成船体总体毁伤与丧失生命力的主要原因之一。基于势流理论,推导并建立船体梁气泡弯矩的理论与计算方法,同时综合考虑气泡弯矩、船体静水弯矩、波浪弯矩及砰击弯矩等其他影响因素,建立一套完整的气泡作用下船体梁总纵强度估算方法。通过算例,校核典型工况下多种弯矩同时作用时船体梁的总纵强度。计算结果表明,气泡脉动载荷产生的总纵弯矩具有周期性鞭振特性,且数值大于其他弯矩。在评估舰船总纵强度与生命力时,应充分考虑气泡脉动载荷的影响。     

核发电船堆舱破损状态极限强度分析

对于核发电船而言,考虑到核反应堆的安全性问题,船体结构即使发生破坏,也要保证整体的强度,所以有必要针对破损后的船体梁进行极限强度分析。在船体剩余极限强度分析中,核反应堆舱所处舱段的极限承载能力是整个核发电船极限强度分析的关键。文章研究的重点集中在核反应堆舱段,在该舱段选取危险剖面进行剩余极限强度分析。同时,采用中和轴偏转的Smith方法对反应堆舱段进行破损船体极限强度计算,并结合HCSR规范对其进行评估。根据该核电船作业海域的海况资料,对其遭遇的波浪载荷进行长期极值预报,进而得出该船破损情况下的设计极限弯矩。结果表明,该船的设计极限弯矩满足规范中的要求,为基于规范的特定海域中的特定船型剩余强度评估提供参考。     

基于蒙特卡罗有限元法分析运营中的厦门海底隧道荷载效应

文中在总结运营公路隧道的荷载特点、概括影响隧道荷载效应各种因素及其统计特征的基础之上,运用蒙特卡罗有限元法对厦门海底隧道海域Ⅳ类围岩下左洞某断面二次衬砌的荷载效应和弯矩的统计特征进行了计算和分析。研究结果表明：厦门海底隧道海域Ⅲ级（Ⅳ类）围岩下左洞某断面的二次衬砌结构最大弯矩发生在仰拱处,最大轴力发生在拱脚处;衬砌拱顶、拱腰以及拱脚和仰拱处的弯矩不拒绝服从对数正态分布;衬砌拱顶、拱腰以及拱脚和仰拱处的荷载效应不拒绝服从正态分布。     

单侧边载作用下黏土中单桩负摩阻力特性模型试验研究

桩基础边载作用会在桩周产生负摩阻力,进而危及软土地区高桩码头、人工岛、路基等工程的安全。通过开展黏土中单侧堆载作用下单桩室内模型试验,测定桩身应变、桩顶沉降和水平位移,研究边载作用距离和桩型对桩身轴力及弯矩的影响,探讨桩身负摩阻力、桩顶沉降和水平位移在黏土固结过程中的时间效应。结果表明:边载作用距离对桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩有较大影响;翼板桩会增加桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩;负摩阻力和有效应力系数随时间增长且增速趋缓;增加边载作用距离和添加翼板都会提升桩身中性点位置,在这两组试验中均提升了8.33%。     

Ultimate strength analysis of a bulk carrier hull girder under alternate hold loading condition,Part 2: Stress distribution in the double bottom and simplified approaches

This is the second of two companion papers dealing with nonlinear finite element modelling and ultimate strength analysis of the hull girder of a bulk carrier under Alternate Hold Loading (AHL) condition. The methodology for nonlinear finite element modelling as well as the ultimate strength results from the nonlinear FE analyses was discussed in the companion paper (Part 1). The purpose of the present paper is to use the FE results to contribute towards developing simplified methods applicable to practical design of ship hulls under combined global and local loads. An important issue is the significant double bottom bending in the empty hold in AHL due to combined global hull girder bending moment and local loads. Therefore, the stress distributions in the double bottom area at different load levels i.e. rule load level and ultimate failure load level are presented in detail. The implication of different design pressures obtained by different rules (CSR-BC rules and DNV rules) on the stress distribution is investigated. Both (partially) heavy cargo AHL and fully loaded cargo AHL are considered. Factors of influence of double bottom bending such as initial imperfections, local loads, stress distribution and failure modes on the hull girder strength are discussed. Simplified procedures for determination of the hull girder strength for bulk carriers under AHL conditions are also discussed in light of the FE analyses.     

A regression and beam theory based approach for fatigue assessment of containership structures including bending and torsion contributions

Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures.     

双舷侧散货船结构可靠性研究

以一艘散货船为例,采用按随机过程确定的载荷组合弯矩,对单、双舷侧两种结构分别计算船舶的极限弯矩和最大剪应力,进行可靠性评估,结果表明双舷侧结构可以大幅减小舷侧的剪应力,但对总纵强度的影响不明显;最后分析了双舷侧宽度对极限弯矩和最大剪应力的影响,提出了选取双舷侧宽度值的建议.     

Efficient estimation of extreme long-term stresses by considering a combination of longitudinal bending stresses

Longitudinal stresses due to combined horizontal and vertical bending moments in ships, corresponding to a return period of 20 years, are estimated by linear response analysis. In principle, the stress should be obtained by combining the stress in all sea states that can occur over a long-term period. A method to determine the desired long-term extreme stress by considering only a few short-term sea states is presented. The sea states have a certain probability of occurrence, and are each identified by a contour line in the (H _s, T _p)-plane. This approach makes it possible to estimate the extreme loads on the vessel in a practical and accurate manner. Moreover, it is shown that the long-term stress can be estimated by combining the individual long-term extreme stresses due to vertical and horizontal bending moments by using the sum-of-squares approach and accounting for the correlation between stresses. It was found that the correlation coefficient can be taken as the largest of the ones calculated along the contour line. It is shown that this correlation coefficient can even be approximated by the normalized phase angle at the wave length where the dominant response has its peak value. A comparison with the results obtained using well-known combination rules is presented. While linear analysis has been used here, it is believed that the approach can be generalized to stresses with nonlinear behavior, and hence represent a significant improvement in calculation efficiency. Received: September 18, 2001 / Accepted: December 18, 2001