汽车操纵稳定性的研究与评价

综述了汽车操纵稳定性研究和评价的历史、现状和存在的问题，着重介绍了客观测量评价、主观评价、人一车闭环系统的综合评价和模拟器评价等几种评价方法。汽车操纵稳定性很多研究还处于探索和完善阶段。目前还没有公认的评价标准，对驾驶员模型、人一车闭环系统的研究有助于促进汽车操纵稳定性评价指标和评价方法的统一。     

汽车操纵稳定性的模拟器闭环评价与试验方法

本文以汽车操纵稳定性的闭环评价为目的，利用吉林大学汽车动态模拟国家重点实验室的开发型驾驶模拟器（ADSL驾驶拟器）进行了汽车操纵稳定性的闭环试验研究。提出汽车操纵稳定性的评价应是包含驾驶员在内的闭环系统评价，并建立了汽车操纵稳定性的模拟器闭环试验方法，利用模拟器试验对汽车操纵稳定性综合评价指标的合理性进行了验证。     

对汽车操纵稳定性现行评价指标的分析与建议

汽车操纵稳定性品质评价是整车品质评价体系中极其重要的部分之一。对国家现行标准的操纵稳定性评价指标进行了简单分析,阐明了评价指标的实际意义;针对蛇行试验评价指标的局限性进行了分析,指出了现行评价指标的缺陷,建议增加抓地能力为评价指标。阐述了确定评价指标限值要求的方法及操纵稳定性品质在整车品质当中的矛盾平衡体关系。     

汽车操纵稳定性评价指标和参数匹配的工程分析方法

四、评价指标的相关分析近十年来很多国家采用相关分析方法研究汽车操纵稳定性的评价指标,这就是统计驾驶员主观评价和汽车客观参量间的相关性,找出相关系数或回归系数高的参量作为评价指标,以下简介有关这方面的研究成果。     

汽车操纵性评价指标的研究

对于汽车操作的评价系统而言,主要是汽车动力学问题研究过程中较为重要的内容之一.在现阶段汽车设计的过程中,其基本的评价标准以及调教阶段都是在主观评价的过程中进行的,从而为整个操纵评级指标的建立提供了稳定性的发展趋势.因此,应该逐渐优化操作性评价指标内容的建立,从而为整个研究性问题的分析提供充分性的保证.     

主观评价在现代汽车开发中的应用

主观评价作为汽车开发研究的必要手段,已经被国外汽车生产厂商广泛认同,尤其对于诸如汽车操纵稳定性这类至今没有公认的、统一的评价体系和评价指标情况,主观评价将作为最终检验标准被采用.     

汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价数据的一种处理方法

汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价之间的相关性分析是汽车技术的重要课题。提出了汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价数据的一种处理方法．通过回归分析筛选客观参数，运用BP神经网络建立相关性模型，验证结果说明了该方法的可行性。     

汽车操纵稳定性的主观评价

本文介绍了汽车操纵稳定性的主观评价方法，探讨了影响主观评价的因素。利用吉林工业大学的开发型车辆驾驶模拟器进行了汽车稳定性的主观评价试验，采用一对一即时比较法实现了１４个车辆方案易操纵性的驾驶员主观评价排序，并进行了操纵稳定性定量评价指标与主观评价的相关分析。     

主成分分析法在公路网综合评价中的应用

分析现有公路网综合评价中存在的问题，提出利用主成分分析法进行公路网综合评价的新思路。主成分分析法以适当的主成分综合原始指标的信息，克服原始指标中存在的相关性等不良倾向；以主成分的方差贡献率作为权重，通过线性加权求和的方式得到公路网的综合评价值，有效避免了常用评价方法在权重确定中存在的主观因素的影响。并给出应用实例，效果良好。     

主成分分析法在高速公路沥青路面使用性能评价中的应用

在多指标综合评价中,主成分分析方法是一种较为客观的综合评价方法.利用这种方法对高速公路沥青路面使用性能进行综合评价,不仅能综合反映各指标对路面评价值影响强弱的信息,而且可以确定各指标的较客观的权重,由此尽量地避免评价过程中主观因素的影响,为正确进行高速公路沥青路面养护决策提供了保证.     

乘用车操纵稳定性评车师主观评价能力检验方法

汽车操纵稳定性的主观评价是现代车辆开发过程中的重要组成部分,开发前期的性能定标和最终的主观调校,都需要主观评价来完成。介绍了评车师主观评价能力检验方法——信噪比方法和相关分析方法。建立了包括评价指标、试验方法、打分依据和打分方法的车辆操纵稳定性主观评价体系,并利用信噪比分析和相关分析方法对主观评车师评价能力进行了检验。     

装备EPS系统特锐样车操纵稳定性客观评价

对装备电动助力转向(EPS)系统的整车操纵稳定性进行评价的必要性进行了分析,介绍了装备EPS的整车操纵稳定性评价的具体内容。给出装备EPS的特锐样车原地转向轻便性、转向盘中间位置操纵稳定性、转向回正性、转向瞬态响应特性(转向盘转角脉冲输入)的试验方法和标准,对其操纵稳定性进行了评价。评价结果表明,所采用的评价方法有效、可行。     

Handling qualities evaluation method based on actual driver characteristics

The present study proposes an objective handling qualities evaluation method using driver-in-the-loop analysis. The driving simulator experiments were performed for various driving conditions, drivers and vehicle dynamics. The response characteristics of the driver model and the closed-loop system were analyzed. The analysis revealed the driving strategies clearly, indicating the importance of closed-loop analysis. Using the identified driver model and its strategies, a cost function of the handling qualities was constructed. The cost function can be used to estimate the handling qualities analytically from the vehicle dynamics. The proposed method was validated by comparison with the handling qualities evaluation rated by the driver's comments.     

多体动力学仿真分析在乘用车底盘调校中的应用

针对某乘用车开发FT阶段乘坐舒适性太差的问题,在该车型底盘调校过程中,通过灵敏度分析对底盘参数进行了优化。首先对减震器阻尼特性进行了调整,提出了多个优化方案,其次通过多体动力学建模及分析方法对优化方案进行了预测,最后通过实车的主、客观测评验证了参数优化方案的实际效果。结果表明,调校后的车辆在保证操控性的前提下,乘坐舒适性得到了改善。     

Handling qualities evaluation method based on actual driver characteristics

The present study proposes an objective handling qualities evaluation method using driver-in-the-loop analysis. The driving simulator experiments were performed for various driving conditions, drivers and vehicle dynamics. The response characteristics of the driver model and the closed-loop system were analyzed. The analysis revealed the driving strategies clearly, indicating the importance of closed-loop analysis. Using the identified driver model and its strategies, a cost function of the handling qualities was constructed. The cost function can be used to estimate the handling qualities analytically from the vehicle dynamics. The proposed method was validated by comparison with the handling qualities evaluation rated by the driver's comments.     

汽车道路耐久性试验中的主观评价体系研究

讨论了汽车道路耐久性试验中主观评价原理及与客观评价的区别,并提出一种动态主观评价模板.阐述了主观评价体系在静态感知、操纵稳定性、噪声品质、舒适性等方面的应用.     

An Extended Adaptive Kalman Filter for Real-time State Estimation of Vehicle Handling Dynamics

This paper considers a method for estimating vehicle handling dynamic states in real-time, using a reduced sensor set; the information is essential for vehicle handling stability control and is also valuable in chassis design evaluation. An extended (nonlinear) Kalman filter is designed to estimate the rapidly varying handling state vector. This employs a low order (4 DOF) handling model which is augmented to include adaptive states (cornering stiffnesses) to compensate for tyre force nonlinearities. The adaptation is driven by steer-induced variations in the longitudinal vehicle acceleration. The observer is compared with an equivalent linear, model-invariant Kalman filter. Both filters are designed and tested against data from a high order source model which simulates six degrees of freedom for the vehicle body, and employs a combined-slip Pacejka tyre model. A performance comparison is presented, which shows promising results for the extended filter, given a sensor set comprising three accelerometers only. The study also presents an insight into the effect of correlated error sources in this application, and it concludes with a discussion of the new observer's practical viability.     

Quasi-steady-state linearisation of the racing vehicle acceleration envelope: a limited slip differential example

In the motorsport environment, passive limited slip differentials are a well-established means of improving the traction limitation imposed by the open differential. Torque sensing types are highly adjustable, and can alter both the stability and agility of the vehicle in the various cornering phases of a typical manoeuvre. In this paper, an adjustable clutch plate or ‘Salisbury’ differential model is presented, which can significantly alter its torque bias characteristics through adjustments in the drive/coast ramp angle, the number of friction faces and preload. To allow robust evaluation of differential parameter changes on ultimate vehicle performance and handling balance, a unified acceleration or ‘GG’ diagram framework is then described. This builds on traditional GG diagram approaches, by using nonlinear constrained optimisation to define both the vehicle acceleration limits and a ‘feasibility’ region within the performance envelope. By linearising a seven degrees of freedom vehicle model at multiple operating points, eigenvalue and yaw rate response analysis is then used to establish contours of stability and agility throughout the GG envelope. This brings new insights into the way in which handling balance changes below and up to the vehicle's acceleration limits.