Ship inspection support system using a product model

 Recently, the significance of ship inspections has been increasingly recognized because sea pollution and safety problems are occurring more and more frequently. However, current ship inspections rely on the experience of the workers. Therefore, it is difficult to understand, and hence to improve, the state of ship inspections. In this paper, ship inspection is directed into three stages (plan, do, and check), and the configurations of a total system to support ship inspections are discussed. A prototype system for the “plan” and “do” stages is developed. This is realized by organizing the information that relates to inspection, and defining data models for damage and inspection states. Then the proposed system is integrated with a shipbuilding computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system so that the ship's structural information can be used effectively. In addition, functions to calculate the damage-finding probability, and functions to generate information about damage and the inspection state are introduced. Therefore, in the planning stage, as inspector can execute a virtual ship inspection, and then the damage-finding probability of each hull part and oversight areas are calculated automatically. Further, by carrying this system into an inspection, an inspector can generate damage information and inspection information simply and easily. Some examples of the proposed system are shown at the end of the paper. Received: November 12, 2001 / Accepted: January 30, 2002     

New method for ship finite element method preprocessing based on a 3D parametric technique

A new method for ship finite element method (FEM) preprocessing is presented as well as its program development. The method is applicable for all kinds of ships at different levels, such as a whole ship, cargo hold parts or detailed structures. The 3D parametric technique is used when creating ship structures, which improves the modeling efficiency greatly and makes the model easy to modify. A 3D geometric constraint solver is developed to solve the constraint system of the parametric model. A meshing procedure is presented to automatically convert the parametric structure model into a finite element model, by which high quality mesh is generated in the stress concentrated area. It also becomes possible to create finite element models for different levels from the same structure model. Using this method, the engineers avoid much of the complex and laborious work of FEM preprocessing, which consumes a very significant amount of time in finite element analysis, and can pay more attention to post-processing. This method has proved to be practical and highly efficient by several engineering trials. This work is sponsored by “Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program”.     

面向船舶制造的MBD技术应用分析

系统研究面向船舶制造的基于模型定义(Model Based Definition,MBD)技术。以船体和舾装为例,定义基于三维模型的船舶三维数据集应用框架,并基于产品结构树建立三维标注模型与数据库之间的关联关系,使得MBD数据的存储与调用更为直观方便。基于二次开发技术建立基本数据集传递规则,提高数据传递效率。开发面向船舶制造数字化检测环节的MBD数字化检测系统,验证该应用框架的有效性。将MBD技术运用于船舶制造中,旨在使用集成化的三维实体模型完成船舶产品信息的表达,实现基于单一产品数据源的数字化设计。     

Investigations of vehicle securing without lashings for Ro-Ro ships

To reduce the area on deck occupied by each car and the labour and time required for lashing and unlashing cars, it has been proposed by the author that in some conditions, cars on decks could be transported without lashing. To evaluate cargo securing based on this “lashing-free” concept, computational code was developed to calculate the vehicle–deck interactions for various ship motions. The code was structured by incorporating a vehicle model into a piece of ship motion calculation code. A series of time-domain simulations were conducted to evaluate vehicle securing. It was found that for a target ship consisting of a 6000-unit Ro-Ro vessel, vehicle securing is mainly influenced by the ship's rolling motions and is highly dependent on the wave height and loading conditions. It was suggested from the analysis that vehicles could be secured without being lashed in a large area of the ship in specific weather conditions and on some routes with less adverse sea states. However, it is still suggested that conventional lashing holes should be constructed on the deck because in severe sea states the cars will still need to be lashed. The limitations of the current investigations are also presented. The relevant research work was carried out at the Division of Ship Design and Engineering, Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology.     

舰艇数字样船技术及其平台体系结构研究

根据舰艇研制的特点,结合数字样船技术在舰艇设计、制造、维修、保障、训练直到退役等全过程中的应用需求,文章对数字样船技术的内涵、数字样船模型的层次划分、多层次数字样船模型的组成及其体系结构进行了认真的分析和研究,并在此基础上提出了舰艇多层次数字样船模型的组成、体系结构和需要突破的主要关键技术,为深入开展舰艇数字样船技术研究和平台的建立奠定了基础.     

Computerized three-dimensional design system for rectangular tile coating on hull surface

1Introduction Thehullsurfaceofaship,becauseitisanundevelop ablecurvedsurfaceandpossessesspecialdemands,needstobecoatedwithrectangularflexibletiles.A limitedgapispermittedbetweenthetiles,butthetiles mustcompletelycoverthehullsurface.Intheory,be causeofthec…     

Application of H∞ control in rudder/flap vector robust control of a ship＇s course

Given the uncertainty of parameters and the random nature of disturbances that effect a ships course, a robust course controller should be designed on the basis of rudder/flap vector control. This paper analyzes system uncertainty, and the choice of weighting functions is also discussed. When sea waves operate on a ship, the energy-concentrating frequency varies with the angle of encounter. For different angles of encounter, different weighting functions are designed. For the pole of a nominal model existing in an imaginary axis, the bilinear-transform method is used. The ＂2-Riccati＂ equation is adopted to solve the H∞ controller. A system simulation is given, and the results show that, compared with a PID controller, this system has higher course precision and more robust performance. This research has significant engineering value.     

Configuration estimation method for preliminary cost of ships based on engineering bills of materials

Ships are complex engineering structures that are designed and built on the basis of technical experience. A shipowner will often be required to estimate the price of a new ship on the basis of the value of comparable ships identified in trade journals. Similarly, shipbuilders are often interested in estimating approximate costs during the tendering phase in order to determine whether a ship is likely to be competitive for a particular order. Thus, when designing a ship prior to having obtained a contract, one of the most important processes is the estimation of approximate costs, including materials, associated labor, and overhead. During this preliminary design phase, the design is temporary and subject to change based on variations in the shipowner’s requirements. Hence, quick and flexible responses are key during this period and an integral aspect of the competitive powers of the shipbuilder. Given this environment, we propose a “configuration estimation method.” Our method is based on the configuration design method that is widely used in three-dimensional (3D) computer aided design (CAD) systems. We assume that a product lifecycle management system is furnished and that the cost is then estimated via the configuration of the ship, using an engineering bill of materials (E-BOM). In referring to the E-BOM, we utilize technical parametric costs derived from similar ships built previously. Using the proposed method, it is possible to obtain an accurate list of materials from the quotation, as well as a detailed work assessment for labor costs and overhead rates, so that reliable cost estimates can be generated quickly and flexibly. To demonstrate the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method, we implement the prototype of a shipbuilding configuration estimation system by using a Microsoft Structured Query Language database and an E-BOM from AVEVA Marine version 12.01, which is a representative CAD system for shipbuilding.     

船舶辅机的隔振设计及船体耦合振动分析

为了减小船舶的振动与噪声,对某船用空压机组进行了浮筏隔振装置的设计,其中包括隔振参数的确定以及筏体结构的设计等。通过建立隔振系统的有限元模型,分析了该系统的动力学特性,包括振动模态、振动传递率以及对于冲击的响应。为了揭示实船隔振系统的规律,将空压机组浮筏装置的有限元模型拓展到全船,分析了隔振装置装船后的耦合振动模态,讨论了船舶结构的振动对浮筏系统隔振效果以及冲击响应的影响。在此基础上,探讨了提高船舶辅机浮筏隔振系统动力学性能的途径。     

船舶回转过程内、外桨负荷的仿真分析

船舶在回转过程中,一般内桨的负荷要大于外桨的负荷.但在某新研制船舶的回转试验中,观察到外桨负荷高于内桨负荷这一看似有悖常理的现象.为了解释这个现象,利用船舶推进系统的数学模型和三自由度平面运动数学模型(MMG模型),分别对定距桨和调距桨推进船舶的典型回转工况进行了仿真分析.研究结果表明:在负荷控制功能起作用的情况下,船舶回转时通过减小柴油机设定转速或减小调距桨的螺距,内桨的负荷比外桨小是完全可能的.在相同回转工况下,负荷限制线的设置和负荷控制规律对船舶内、外桨的负荷有很大的影响.控制系统的负荷控制功能是改变船舶回转工况内、外桨负荷的一个重要因素.     

基于Unity3D的船舶分段仿真制造系统开发

为提高船舶制造效率，优化船舶分段制造工艺，基于Unity3D进行船舶分段仿真制造系统开发。结合开发目的和使用对象，论述系统的设计思路、虚拟仿真技术应用和使用方法，并分析系统应用效果，为船舶分段仿真制造工艺优化提供参考。     

船舶动态信息采集与传输关键技术研究

现代化智能型的船舶运输控制系统包括船舶信息管理与控制、船舶动态信息采集与传输、船队运行综合调度等三大模块。船舶动态信息采集与传输是该系统的关键部分。首先介绍船舶动态管理系统选用的软件，系统的特点和功能，并解析系统的结构。着重详尽描述船舶动态信息传输的工作原理和过程。最后介绍船舶管理信息系统及其船舶动态调度的情况。本研究成果为实施船舶的有效调度管理，为实现船岸一体化控制管理奠定基础。     

面向可重构虚拟制造环境的数控加工仿真

数控加工仿真对于零件实际加工过程具有一定的指导意义。在分析了产品制造系统、虚拟制造环境、数控加工仿真过程的基础上,提出了一种基于可重构虚拟制造环境的数控加工仿真方法;通过对虚拟制造环境的分析,研究了虚拟制造环境的层次结构,并将其抽象划分为四个层次;重点阐明了零部件模型、虚拟加工机床模型的可重构设计,从而实现了整个虚拟制造环境的可重构,并在此基础上建立了可重构的虚拟制造环境。最后,以船用柴油机机身零件的数控加工过程仿真为例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于数字孪生的船舶管件加工生产线柔性管控系统

针对现有船舶管件加工在生产管理、调试和生产线柔性管控等方面的不足，利用数字孪生技术，进行船舶管件加工生产线虚拟模型构建、虚实生产线同步行为设计、虚实生产线交互接口设计、信息分析和生产线柔性管控等方面研究，设计开发基于数字孪生的船舶管件加工数字化生产线柔性管控系统，实现船舶管件加工生产线自动生产和远程管控等。该系统可为其他离散型制造生产线建设和管控系统设计提供借鉴。     

船舶碰撞责任的计算机辅助判析技术研究

探索船舶碰撞事故责任的计算机辅助判析技术,以弥补划分碰撞责任比例的支撑数据不充分。建立了适于裁决雾中船舶碰撞责任比例的知识体系,包括基于船舶行为以排除人为因素干扰,兼用于高速船的避让区界的新规则。提出了地自动处理任何船舶碰撞责任比例的模型。解决了船舶单项行为有无过失的定性问题及失量的计算机智能化确定问题。系统经实例试用,在合理性,快速性,经济性方面已初显优势。     

船舶轴系异常噪声的诊断与分析

对船舶轴系可能产生异常噪声的结构进行分析和检查,确定异常噪声产生的根源,并对轴系异常噪声的产生机理进行研究。研究表明:船舶低速航行时,轴系变形产生的回旋运动对轴承润滑性能的影响以及二者之间的相互耦合是轴系产生振动并辐射噪声的根本原因。提出了降低船舶轴系低速航行时异常噪声的设计方法。     

医院船医疗流程与总布置设计探讨

医院船是一种新船型,用于收容和治疗伤病员的专用卫生船只,医疗流程是医院船总布置设计的主要因素。因此在设计中必须根据船的使命,最终确定整个船的总布置,本文推荐了一艘医院船的总布置供参考。     

Goal-based standards

The development of goal-based new ship construction standards is a new subject matter of high importance for IMO which has been included in the Organization’s strategic and long-term work plans and also in the work programme of its Maritime Safety Committee. This paper briefly describes the meaning of “goal-based” regulation in general and looks at its application to ship construction. The on-going work at IMO is presented, results achieved to date are explained and an outlook is given regarding the work still to be carried out.     

基于CATIA V6的船舶结构有限元网格方法

CATIA作为一款通用的工业设计软件,在许多制造行业得到了广泛的应用。随着V6版本较之V5版本进一步的提升了结构模型转换FEM平面单元的能力,CATIA目前已能够实现船体结构模型直接生成有限元网格。通过深入应用CATIA V6,依靠软件强大的三维建模功能,能够极大的减少船体结构划分有限元网格工作的工时。同时利用关联设计复用以往模型,进一步提高FEM模型的生成效率。甚至能够为实现船舶结构设计CAD/CAE一体化的目标提供了具有可行性的研究路径。因而本文通过分析CATIA软件生成有限元网格机制,结合船舶结构有限元分析对生成网格的要求特点,确定了具有实践性的结构建模与网格划分方法。最后通过实践案例予以验证,结合网格质量检查与优劣势分析,基于CATIA平台为船舶结构快速生成有限元网格提供了一种较为高效的方法。