船舶横摇阻尼的CFD数值模拟研究

船舶横摇阻尼是影响参数横摇和瘫船稳性等大幅横摇运动的关键参数.文中基于非定常RANS方程在静水中对模型2792进行了自由横摇衰减的数值模拟,该模型是船舶第二代完整稳性衡准制定中瘫船稳性研究的国际标准船模,数值模拟中采用了两种网格类型,一种是滑移网格,另一种重叠网格.计算结果表明,数值模拟的自由横摇衰减曲线和模型试验结果吻合良好,另外CFD计算的横摇阻尼与试验值的误差小于Ikeda's经验公式计算的误差,证明非定常RANS方程可用于预报横摇阻尼.     

粘性流中船舶横摇阻尼计算

船舶横摇阻尼的确定是准确预报船舶在波浪中运动的关键之一.本文以粘性流理论为基础,以连续性方程和N-S方程为控制方程.对Series 60船型的二维横剖面绕流进行了数值模拟,计算分析了不同工况下船体剖面的横摇阻尼系数,并与相关实验结果进行了比较.对比和研究表明,本文的方法能给出船舶横摇运动诱导的涡,船体的横摇阻尼等,可进一步拓展应用于船舶在波浪中运动的分析预报和优化设计等方面.     

船舶非线性横摇运动方程的线性化研究

考虑阻尼力矩和恢复力矩的非线性,运用能量法对正横规则波中船舶非线性横摇运动方程进行等效线性化,导出等效线性系数表达式,并验证其工程实用性,为船舶横摇预报提供理论分析计算模型。     

基于随机Melnikov方法的甲板上浪船舶混沌运动研究

应用随机Melnikov方法和庞加莱截面研究甲板上浪时船舶的混沌运动。考虑甲板上浪对船舶静稳性的影响,建立随机横浪中船舶横摇运动方程。由随机Melnikov过程结合均方准则确定船舶产生混沌运动的参数域,计算不同参数域中船舶横摇响应的庞加莱截面和时间历程。结果表明,增加船舶阻尼将抑制混沌运动的发生。甲板上浪时船舶横摇响应的庞加莱截面上有两个吸引域,船舶运动过程有两个横摇中心。在非混沌参数域中,船舶只围绕其中的一个横摇中心运动;在混沌参数域中,发生由一个横摇中心到另一个横摇中心的随机跳跃。     

三体船横摇运动

介绍了关于三体船横摇运动的研究工作。采用能量法，由自由横摇衰减试验测量数据计算了三体船横摇阻尼系数，分析横摇过程中阻尼非线性作用的特点，讨论侧体横向布置位置、舭龙骨和航速对三体船横摇运动的影响，对线性、非线性方法用于预报三体船横摇运动进行比较分析。三体船模型横摇试验包括静水中的自由横摇衰减试验、规则波中的零速横摇试验。试验中通过系列变化侧体横向布置位置，并对侧体安装舭龙骨进行对比试验，研究侧体布置和舭龙骨对三体船横摇运动的影响。经与试验结果对比，本文对三体船横摇运动预报的结果令人满意。     

一种新的路径积分法在船舶横摇概率计算中的应用

基于Gauss-Legendre积分规则提出了一种新的路径积分法来计算随机横浪中船舶非线性横摇运动的概率密度分布,新的路径积分法能够得出精确的瞬态概率密度分布,包括系统响应尾部区域的概率分布,其对系统的可靠性分析是十分重要的.船舶随机横摇运动微分方程考虑到阻尼力与恢复力的非线性.数值模拟了联合概率密度函数随时间的演变,分析了外部激励强度对船舶稳态概率密度分布的影响.数值模拟的结果表明新的路径积分法对研究船舶非线性横摇运动概率密度分布是十分有效的.     

URANS prediction of roll damping for a ship hull section at shallow draft

It is analytically difficult to calculate roll damping of ships due to the effects of viscosity. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a powerful tool in predicting roll damping recently. The unsteady flow around a forced rolling hull section with bilge keels can be calculated using a commercial URANS code which includes the viscous effects. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) roll damping calculations for a S60 midsection with bilge keels including free surface effects are performed for shallow draft case. The first objective of the study is to show whether the URANS code can be used to predict roll damping coefficient correctly. The second one is to show why Ikeda’s estimation method is insufficient at shallow draft case. Sinusoidal forced roll motion calculation method of roll damping moment with the help of a sliding interface and a fixed roll axis is successfully applied to predict roll damping coefficient. The calculations are carried out for different roll motion periods and amplitudes to validate the accuracy of the URANS code for different cases. Numerical results are compared with experiments, which were carried out at the towing tank facility of Osaka Prefecture University (OPU), and Ikeda’s estimation method. The results show that the URANS code is capable of predicting roll damping coefficients in a good agreement with experimental results and can be used further to develop a better model for prediction of roll damping.     

二代稳性衡准纯稳性丧失直接评估方法研究(二)

针对国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定的船舶第二代完整稳性衡准中的纯稳性丧失直接评估衡准,本文提出了纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇4自由度运动耦合的标准数学模型,进行了纯稳性丧失直接评估.该方法首先基于MMG操纵性标准方法,构建纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇4自由度运动方程,同时考虑了舵控制方程,其次在纵荡、横荡、横摇、首摇方程右边考虑时域波浪力/力矩,且横摇方程右边进一步考虑了粘性横摇阻尼力矩和波浪中复原力臂变化.最后采用ONR内倾船进行了尾斜浪中纯稳性丧失直接数值计算,为纯稳性丧失直接稳性评估衡准的应用奠定了基础.     

变周期减摇水舱控制与仿真

减摇水舱的设计首先要考虑与船体的适配,同时在设计中要重点考虑水舱的阻尼与周期特性,其中周期特性是水舱最基本的特性参数,适用周期范围越宽,减摇效果越理想。针对变周期减摇水舱的相当长度与一般U型水舱相当长度计算的不同之处——其连通道宽度可调且边舱面积随边舱外壁角变化而变化,通过积分方法推导出了可变周期减摇水舱相当长度的计算公式,提出了一种适用于变周期减摇水舱的估算方法。所设计的变周期减摇水舱采用连通道挡板控制改变周期,避免了气阀控制的时间延迟问题,还可根据船体运动规律调整连通道阻尼挡板以提高减摇效果。以某型船为例,建立了船舶减摇水舱仿真模型。经减摇水舱自由衰减振荡数值仿真方法验证,所提出的周期估算公式可靠。采用该模型研究了变周期减摇水舱的控制方法,结果表明,在其工作范围内,可使横摇角始终保持在8°以内,可以在5.5～18 s的周期范围内有效减摇,大大超过了被动式减摇水舱的工作频带。     

A RANS-based technique for simulation of the flow near a rolling cylinder at the free surface

Accurate prediction of roll motion is very important in ship dynamics, particularly when the safety of the ship is in question. In this paper "COMET," a Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver, is used to simulate the flow in the vicinity of a rectangular cylinder rolling at the free surface and to demonstrate the potential of RANS-based techniques in complex flows with free surfaces. The method adopted is based on an unstructured collocated finite-volume technique, which uses a variation of the SIMPLE scheme for pressure correction. An advanced interface capturing technique known as high resolution interface capturing (HRIC) is used for tracking the free surface with reduced numerical diffusion. The results derived are compared with available numerical and experimental results, showing good agreement on added moment of inertia and damping coefficients, whilst accurately predicting other main features of the flow. However, further validation for other geometries and extension to 3-D hull forms are essential before applications to practical problems are realised. Received: January 26, 2000 / Accepted: October 2, 2000     

规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

大幅船舶横摇运动非线性附加质量惯性矩和阻尼矩特性的非参数识别（英文）

This study aims to investigate the nonlinear added mass moment of inertia and damping moment characteristics of largeamplitude ship roll motion based on transient motion data through the nonparametric system identification method. An inverse problem was formulated to solve the first-kind Volterra-type integral equation using sets of motion signal data. However, this numerical approach leads to solution instability due to noisy data. Regularization is a technique that can overcome the lack of stability; hence, Landweber's regularization method was employed in this study. The L-curve criterion was used to select regularization parameters(number of iterations) that correspond to the accuracy of the inverse solution. The solution of this method is a discrete moment, which is the summation of nonlinear restoring, nonlinear damping, and nonlinear mass moment of inertia. A zero-crossing detection technique is used in the nonparametric system identification method on a pair of measured data of the angular velocity and angular acceleration of a ship, and the detections are matched with the inverse solution at the same discrete times. The procedure was demonstrated through a numerical model of a full nonlinear free-roll motion system in still water to examine and prove its accuracy. Results show that the method effectively and efficiently identified the functional form of the nonlinear added moment of inertia and damping moment.     

基于改进型消灭曲线法的横摇阻尼估算

自由衰减试验仍是目前最为有效且常用的估算横摇阻尼系数的方法.横摇阻尼系数的估算精度对于船舶横摇运动的预报起着至关重要的作用.通常采用所谓的消灭曲线法来分析自由横摇衰减数据.该方法的一个不足之处在于其推导是基于忽略了非线性恢复力项的自由横摇运动方程.另一方面,考虑更多非线性成分的能量法能够纳入该因素影响但在实施过程中较为复杂.文中提出了一种改进型的消灭曲线法,能够纳入船体非线性恢复力项的影响.所提出的方法形式简单且相比能量法更易于实施.数值试验证明了改进型消灭曲线法的正确性,并展现了其相对传统消灭曲线法所具有的优势.     

基于CFD分析的船舶横摇运动统计特征

船舶大幅度横摇的准确预报一直是船舶工程界关注的热点研究方向之一。基于CFD软件Fluent对船舶横摇问题进行了数值模拟研究,建立了船体自由横摇运动的有限体积模型。通过对一系列船体于静水中作不同初始横摇角的自由横摇运动进行数值模拟,分析得出船体横摇非线性过程中横摇角幅值存在一定的统计规律,并提出基于此统计规律对船体的大幅横摇运动进行数值预报的方法。     

加装减摇鳍船舶横摇运动的计算研究

船舶加装减摇鳍目的是减小船舶的横摇运动.鳍的运动通过由PID控制的液压装置驱动.文章考虑了船舶的粘性阻尼系数,结合减摇鳍运动特性,通过PID控制法对加装减摇鳍船舶横摇进行预报并通过实船验证.     

多液舱晃荡与船体运动耦合数值研究

针对多液舱养殖工船耐波性数值研究计算量过大的问题，建立了一套耦合数值求解系统。使用脉冲响应函数法求解船体运动方程，基于计算流体力学方法数值模拟液舱晃荡，在时域上离散求解两者的耦合方程。讨论了CFD软件FLUENT的用户自定义函数的编制，验证了横摇回转中心位于重心所在轴线的假设的合理性。为验证计算方法的有效性，在循环水槽中进行了不同载液率下的横摇自由衰减试验。对比数值模拟结果与试验结果，计算的横摇角时历与试验值吻合良好，验证了该方法的有效性，为高效数值研究养殖工船耐波性打下了基础。     

An investigation of different methods for the prevention of parametric rolling

The parametric rolling of modern containerships is emerging as a serious problem, to the extent that its effects warrant a study into its prevention. In light of this, two methods for reduction of parametric rolling are proposed and examined by physical model experiments. The first is a sponson attached to the side of a ship, the purpose being to decrease the rate of change of the rollrestoring moment. The second is an antirolling tank to increase roll damping. By conducting free-running model experiments for a 6600-TEU post-Panamax container ship with sponsons under typical parametric rolling conditions, it was found that the sponsons could decrease the magnitude of parametric rolling. The antirolling tank could prevent parametric rolling completely in certain conditions, even in severe head seas. Using the damping coefficients from experimentally derived data of a model ship with an antiroll tank, a numerical simulation was established. The numerical model was then compared with the free-running model experiments. The results indicated that the numerical model could qualitatively verify the experimental results. Finally, an attempt to optimise the size of an antirolling tank for preventing parametric rolling for the subject post-Panamax container ship in the North Pacific Ocean is presented.     

纵向规则波中参数横摇的数值模拟

基于ITTC推荐的参数横摇运动方程,采用估算方法确定方程中的阻尼系数和复原力矩系数,数值模拟出船舶在规则波中的参数横摇情况,将上述方法具体应用于一艘滚装船船模的参数横摇预报,并与试验数据进行对比,验证了所采用方法的有效性。     

Study of damaged ship motions taking into account floodwater dynamics

This paper presents an application of shallow water theory to describe the motion of floodwater inside a rolling ship in damage condition. The time domain theoretical approach to the coupled problems of ship and water inside compartment motions is briefly described, including the method used to solve for the water motion characteristics and forces exerted on the ship. This approach is applied to the study of the behaviour of a passenger Ro–Ro ship in regular beam seas and numerical results are given for the intact and damaged conditions. Comparison is made with experimental results. For the damaged condition, the characteristics of the floodwater motion are studied in the time domain for a number of different wave frequencies. The shape of the free-surface and phase of water motion in relation to the ship roll motion are shown for several wave frequencies. The dynamic floodwater roll moment is also shown and compared with the static roll moment (flat horizontal free surface), allowing the conclusion that the dynamic roll moment is much larger than the static roll moment, for high wave frequencies, and is in phase opposition in relation to the roll motion.     

基于N-S方程的航行船舶辐射问题数值模拟

基于N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程,进行了航行船舶辐射问题的数值模拟,包括强制垂荡和强制纵摇的模拟.计算了船舶垂荡和纵摇的附加质量和阻尼.数值模拟中,控制方程--BANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes)方程和连续性方程使用有限体积法离散,非线性自由面采用VOF方法处理.文中给出了以不同航速前进的船舶强制垂荡和纵摇的力与力矩,以及船舶垂荡和纵摇的附加质量系数和阻尼系数,并与DUT(Delft University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,二者吻合良好.