喧嚣的北极航道

虽然目前中国商船的北极航行之路充满艰辛,但不可否认的是,未来这条航线也孕育着无限商机。随着全球气候变暖,北极海冰加速融化,一些科学家乐观预测,在未来30年内北冰洋将出现夏季无冰期,北冰洋"黄金水道"开通成为可能。"东北航道"和"西北航道"将成为北极航线的两条主要航道。一旦这两条北极航道常年开通,将成为联系东北亚和西欧,联系北美洲东西海岸的最短航线,可以节约大约40%的海上运输成本,届时北极航线可能成为苏伊     

北极航道的商业逻辑

北冰洋的海冰继续加快融化,北极航行日渐成为现实.北极圈内的国家近水楼台,北极圈外的国家跃跃欲试.主权、资源、经济、法律、环境保护、国际治理等共同构成了北极航道开发背后的商业逻辑.单从航线开发来讲,全球航运领域更关注北冰洋商业通航后的经济效益.     

中国船舶首次穿越北极东北航道纪实

随着全球气候变暖,北冰洋海冰的快速消融,使北极东北航道的开通成为了可能。我国第五次北极科学考察队乘坐中国"雪龙"号极地考察船,完成了我国航海史上在北极东北航道的首次航行。笔者参加了我国第五次北极科学考察,记录了从2012年7月22日至8月2日"雪龙"号船首航东北航道的实际情况和航经水域的气象水文特点,并对东北航道的适航性进行了初步探讨。     

北极航道及资源开发将进入新时代

随着全球气候的变暖,北极地区冰雪融化的加快,北冰洋冰盖范围逐渐减小,以及近年来北极航道夏季开通的时间越来越长,北极水域商业航线的地位也将慢慢形成.届时,世界航运、商贸、能源格局均将因此而发生较大的变化.     

北极西北航道商业化运营依旧面临挑战

正交通运输部海事局组织编辑的中文版《北极航行指南(西北航道)2015》于近日出版发行,该指南将为计划航行北极"西北航道"的中国籍船舶提供海图、航线、海冰、气象等保障信息服务。北极"西北航道",是指从太平洋经白令海峡进入北冰洋,通过美国阿拉斯加北岸、加拿大北极群岛、格陵兰岛再进入北大西洋的航线。这条     

北极航道对中国航运业的影响分析

<正>据气象模型预测,随着全球气候变暖,北极到2054年可能达到无冰状态,而随着冰盖的加速融化,北极地区潜藏的资源及航程优势日益显著,世界各国都渴望从中获利,围绕北极权益的竞争愈发白热化。中国作为北冰洋临近国,同时也是国际贸易依赖型国家,北极航道的开通对中国意义重大,研究北极航道开通的利弊,以及如何实现北极权益十分重要。一、北极航道概述     

北冰洋西北及东北航道首次“打通”

最近卫星图片显示，由于北极冰层加速融化，北冰洋西北及东北航道日前“打通”，人类历史上首次可绕过北极航行。     

暖化促北冰洋西北及东北航道首次“打通”

最新卫星图片显示，由于北极冰层加速融化。北冰洋西北及东北航道目前“打通”，代表人类历史上首次可绕过北极航行。     

北极东北航道船舶通行现状及航海保障能力分析

本文统计分析了多年来北冰洋气温、海冰变化趋势和2016年北极东北航道船舶通行情况,结合中远海运集团"祥云口"轮航行实践资料,对东北航道沿线航海保障能力进行了深入分析,并提出了我国北极航行航海保障体系建设的建议。     

新型动力装置将助力北极航道商业化运营

正2017年国际海事组织《极地水域船舶航行安全规则》的生效让北极航道的开通成为了全球航运业关注的焦点。从地理位置上来看,与经马六甲海峡、苏伊士运河、直布罗陀海峡的传统东西方航道相比,船舶经北冰洋航行到达欧洲或美洲,总航程大约6700海里,耗时约22天,平均航程缩短了近3000海里,航行时间有望缩短9?10天,理论上不仅能够为船东和货主节约不菲的燃料开销,还能从整体上提升海上     

驶向北极

曾几何时,跨越北冰洋,开辟北极航线,缩短东西方距离,是无数航海蒙的梦想。然而由于北极海区海冰阻隔严重,16世纪到19世纪,数以百计的航海家为探索这条航道付出了生命,直到19世纪中叶,航海家才分段走通了这条航线。近30年冰融化的速度加快。     

北极航线探讨

随着全球气温的不断升高,人类将关注的目光集中到北极。结合大量资料对北极航线的范围、主要探险史、航道现状等方面作出初步分析,探讨东北航道与北方海航道的区别,预测北极航线的发展前景。     

聚焦北极航道之二:生态环境 没有破坏的发展

<正>各国剑拔弩张,暗战不断,皆为利来。北极冰层加速融化,使之蕴藏的能源挖掘成为可能。这块令世界怦然心动的地方将是地球最后的宝库。到底北极蕴藏着什么让世界各国纷纷将至?     

Arctic tanker risk analysis project

This paper summarizes the interim Phase II results of the Arctic Tanker Risk Analysis Project, which examined the risk of oil shipment by tankers in the Canadian Arctic. The objectives were to identify the hazards most likely to produce an oil spill on the MV Arctic, and to institute measures to reduce that risk. Phase I indicated that a high potential exists for a shipping accident at the terminals, the St. Lawrence River and in the High Arctic. However, environmental sensitivity was shown to be greatest along the coastal zone of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River. Phase II involved further examination of environmental sensitivity and the task of ice navigation. These results resulted in a revised risk profile. Three spill scenarios were then designed to estimate clean-up costs and other economic impacts. A cost effectiveness analysis was conducted which compared spill costs to risk mitigation. As the project enters Phase III, the scope has widened to include all product tankers operating in the Arctic. A new Canadian Standards Association Risk Management Standard Q850 is being implemented with the objective of providing prototype tanker Bridge Risk Management System software.     

Arctic routing: Challenges and opportunities

Responding to the world’s growing demand for oil and gas, Arctic resources have been given much attention by the energy and shipping industries. In addition, global warming has accelerated oil and gas development in the Arctic, particularly in its western region. Ice-diminishing Arctic has inspired the world’s shipping industry to explore the feasibility of the historical Arctic routes, the Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Route, as seasonal commercial sea lanes. The background aspects of the Passages and the main issues to be solved for their commercial openings are discussed in this paper. Challenges to an internationally agreeable Arctic regime, likely the Antarctic Treaty, are crucial for clean production and safe transport of the Arctic resources and the transit passages across the Arctic Ocean.     

Arctic shipping scenarios and coastal state challenges

The Arctic Council, an intergovernmental forum of the eight Arctic states, is currently embarked on a comprehensive assessment of Arctic marine activity in the 21^st century — the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (AMSA). One of the challenges for theAMSA study team has been to identify the major uncertainties that will be central to shaping the future of Arctic marine use in 2020 and 2050. Using scenario planning, AMSA has identified two primary drivers and uncertainties: (A) Resources and trade; and, (B) Governance. Four scenario narratives have been developed with these two, key uncertainties as the framework elements. The main arguments focus on the fact the Arctic has experienced globalization early in the century and that the global maritime industry has already ventured into the Arctic Ocean. Marine access in the Arctic Ocean is also changing in unprecedented ways and the extraordinary transformation Arctic sea ice is undergoing — thinning, extent reduction, and a reduction in the area of multiyear ice in the central ocean — has significant implications for longer seasons of navigation. However, the high prices of global commodities such as oil, gas, and hard minerals (for example, copper, nickel and zinc) have generated high levels of demand for Arctic natural resources. The Arctic states are challenged by an overall lack of maritime infrastructure to adequately support current and future levels of Arctic marine operations; ports, communications, environmental monitoring, search & rescue, incident response, aids to navigation, and coastal charting, to name a few, require substantial and timely investment by the coastal states and marine operators. A second challenge is the ongoing development of an integrated system of rules and regulations governing Arctic navigation that will enhance marine safety and ensure marine environmental protection throughout the basin. These challenges will require historic levels of cooperation among the Arctic states and broad engagement with the many, non-Arctic stakeholders and actors within the global maritime industry.     

我国北极通航瓶颈问题分析

随着全球气温变暖趋势的显现,北极通航问题日益受到各方面的关注但是要实施北极通航,必须对可能面,临的困难和问题有清楚的认识文中从法律法规、环境保护、船舶和航行奈件,以及船员培训和认证等方面,对中国实施北极通航可能存在的一些瓶颈问题作了初步分析,可为从事北极通航问题研究人员提供参考     

聚焦北极航道之四:携手合作 拯救北极“危机”

<正>船舶溢油污染对北极生态的影响是不可预估的,如果不从环境保护角度妥善管理北极航线,将会对该水域的生态系统造成破坏。北极区域的环境问题更需要各国之间携手合作。因为,北极与全球环境的相互作用密切,北极生态系统的破坏必然会引起全球的环境变化。     

俄美加等国北极争夺战及我国的对策

最近以来，由俄罗斯“和平-1”号微型潜艇在北冰洋4261米深处插上俄罗斯国旗而引发的北极争夺战愈演愈烈，加拿大、美国、丹麦等北极周边国家纷纷出动，或派出破冰船赴北极考察，或拟在北极地区建立军事基地，或举行针对北极争端的军事演习，而俄罗斯新一轮北极考察行动也即将开始。北极地区具有重要的战略地位，蕴藏着丰富的资源。我国虽然不是北极圈国家，但北极与南极一样是全人类的共同财富，北极生态关乎人类安危，我国拥有发言权，有权在北极地区从事海洋、矿业开发和商业等活动。作为安理会常任理事国之一，中国有义务维护北极地区的和平稳定，保护北极地区的生态环境不受侵害。[编者按]