低频涌浪环境下“海洋石油201”运动特征模型试验研究

为了分析起重铺管船"海洋石油201"在低频涌浪环境中横摇过大的原因,对"海洋石油201"横浪和迎浪条件下在不同周期和波高的涌浪作用下的运动特性进行模型试验,试验结果表明铺管船遭遇与其横摇固有周期接近的涌浪时发生谐摇导致其横摇运动过大。用图解法求解了铺管船横浪条件下谐摇时的横摇角幅值,对试验结果和理论的差异进行了分析。     

探讨参数横摇对集装箱船坠箱事故的影响

当船舶在纵浪中以一定速度航行,使遭遇波浪的频率约两倍于横摇频率时,船舶稳性发生变化,即导致参数横摇现象。迎浪或随浪条件下的参数横摇谐振会大大加剧船舶的横摇运动,在几次摇摆周期中,横倾角可以毫无预期地从几度发展到三十度以上。这种剧烈的运动会对舱面集装箱及系固系统造成过多的压力,进而导致舱面集装箱坠箱事故的发生。本文从现象出发,分析了参数横摇对舱面集装箱系固稳定性的影响,提出了船舶遭遇参数横摇的应对方法。     

初稳性高时变特性对横摇运动的影响分析

文章研究纵浪中船舶初稳性高的时变特性对横摇运动的影响.假设升沉和纵摇是准静力平衡,建立纵浪中船舶横摇参数激励运动方程,提出了稳性高波动项的计算方法.以一艘渔政船为例,考虑不同航速,计算非规则波中参数激励横摇运动.计算结果表明在纵浪上,当船遭遇到一系列高波,特征波长接近船长,且参数激励频率集中在2倍横摇固有频率时,船舶会发生参数激励横摇.     

初稳性高时变特性对横摇运动的影响

研究纵浪中船舶初稳性高时变特性对横摇运动的影响。假设升沉和纵摇是准静力平衡,建立纵浪中船舶横摇参数激励运动方程,提出了稳性高波动项与瞬时波浪高度及波面升高加速度之间的函数关系式,提供了稳性高波动项的计算方法。以一艘渔政船为例,在不同航速下,分别计算规则波和非规则波中船舶参数激励横摇运动。得到稳性高波动项的时间历程及功率谱,并模拟由初稳性高随机波动引起的参数激励横摇。结果表明：在船遭遇一系列高波情况下,当特征波长接近船长,且参数激励频率集中在二倍横摇固有频率时,船舶发生参数激励大幅横摇。     

规则纵浪中船舶参数激励横摇运动研究

考虑船舶横摇运动中恢复力矩及阻尼力矩的非线性,建立船舶在规则波浪中参数激励下的非线性横摇运动方程,并对规则纵浪中船舶参数激励横摇运动进行研究,探讨船舶发生参数激励横摇运动的条件及大幅横摇的动力学特征,分析船速、波高及波长等因素对参数激励横摇运动的影响。     

纵浪中纵荡和稳性丧失对参数横摇的影响研究

目前国际海事组织正在制定船舶第二代完整稳性衡准,衡准方案中提出了建立可靠预报参数横摇数学模型的要求。本文针对纵浪中航速变化以及稳性丧失对参数横摇的影响开展了计算研究。首先建立了纵荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇4自由度耦合数学模型,该数学模型中利用无横倾时的垂荡、纵摇运动以及纵荡导致的速度变化来确定船-波相对位置,然后沿着船体瞬时湿表面积分得到非线性横摇复原力的变化,同时顶浪中考虑了横倾时辐射力和绕射力对横摇复原力的贡献,随浪中考虑了大幅横倾时升力对横摇复原力的贡献。最后采用ONR内倾船型研究了顶浪和随浪中纵荡和稳性丧失对1/2倍遭遇频率参数横摇和1倍遭遇频率参数横摇的影响。研究结果表明,纵浪中除了大幅参数横摇发生的临界点之外,其余工况纵荡对1/2倍遭遇频率参数横摇影响很小,随浪中较高航速时纵荡和稳性丧失对1倍遭遇频率参数横摇影响比较显著。     

超大型集装箱船参数横摇全面校核与安全评估

[目的]由于超大型集装箱船在波浪中稳性高的变化较为显著,对其参数横摇校核与安全评估要求较高,因此,[方法]基于参数横摇模式,针对在迎浪中航行的某10 000 TEU集装箱船,对其各个装载状况逐一并逐级进行计算。自主开发基于典型弱非线性三自由度模型的数值预报方法,对不满足第2层衡准要求的载况进行时域模拟,并综合考虑航速、波况的影响,全面探索其可能发生参数横摇的工况。[结果]根据衡准结果,得出相应的安全性评估与规避措施:降低重心高度、适当提高航速、尽量避免船舶横摇固有周期约等于2倍遭遇周期等均能有效避免参数横摇的发生。[结论]对10 000 TEU集装箱船进行的参数横摇全面校核评估能够更好地指导超大型集装箱船的总体设计,提高安全水平,具有较高的工程应用及参考价值。     

单船港内首尾双锚锚泊允许波高的试验研究

目前我国渔港港内锚地允许波高的规定是参照国外规定按经验确定,缺乏有效的试验支撑。为了验证现行规定的港内锚地允许波高的合理性,以275HP拖网渔船为代表船型进行了单船首尾双锚锚泊的物理模型试验,研究了渔船首尾双锚锚泊系统在不规则波作用下的锚泊力及运动量的情况,分析了波浪入射角度、渔船载况、波高及周期对锚泊力和运动量的影响。实验结果表明,锚泊力在90°横浪作用时最大,随着载重和波高的增大而增大,随着周期的增大而减小。横摇角度同样在90°横浪作用时最大,随着载重的增大而减小,随着波高的增大而增大;当波浪周期接近渔船横摇周期时,横摇角度达到最大,随后随着周期的增大而减小。试验结果得出,在本次试验范围内,此渔船单船首尾双锚锚泊时的允许有效波高建议取为0.7m。研究结果为港内锚泊允许波高的确定以及渔船缆绳的设计提供了有效的支持。     

舱内水体晃荡对船舶横摇影响的模型试验研究

对一艘集装箱船在舱内进水不同深度时进行一系列的模型试验。在规则波横浪中进行了２个重心高度的试验，得到了各种状态下的横摇响应传递函数。试验中还测量了进水舱内５个位置处水体晃荡的波面。试验结果表明，舱内进水的水位（进水量）对船舶模摇有较大影响，对有些进水深度，晃荡将减小横摇；而对另一些进水深度，船舶的横摇增加。在浅的进水深度和短的入射波条件下，自由液面表现出非线性特性。     

LNG船运动响应数值计算与试验研究

随着能源需求的增加和人们环保意识的增强,天然气作为一种清洁能源越来越受到青睐。对于液化天然气的海上长距离运输, LNG船无疑是最有效、最经济的选择。耐波性作为船舶安全性能的一个重要指标,在船舶的设计和运营过程中必须考虑。本文采用挪威船级社 SESAM软件计算了 LNG船在规则波中的六自由度运动响应,研究航速和浪向对其运动的影响。根据相关要求制作船模进行其在规则波中的耐波性试验,并将计算结果跟试验结果进行对比。结果表明：浪向对其运动响应影响较大,横浪时升沉、横摇响应最大,迎浪时纵摇响应最大;计算结果与试验结果的变化规律吻合较好。     

Theoretical study on the effect of parametric rolling on added resistance in regular head seas

A formula based on Maruo’s theory is presented for the added resistance in regular head seas when parametric rolling occurs. Firstly, the velocity potential of the radiation waves due to parametric rolling, sway and yaw motions should be superposed on the conventional velocity potential. Secondly, the added resistance is averaged within the time duration that is double the encounter period. Thirdly, the stationary-phase method which is used in Maruo’s method is also used to obtain the formula of added resistance in waves with parametric rolling taken into account as well as viscous roll damping. Fourthly, source distribution based on Maruo and Ishii's and Maruo and Iwase’s works is used to calculate the added resistance. Finally, the effect of parametric rolling on added resistance in regular head seas mainly results from viscous roll damping and it becomes larger as the amplitude of parametric rolling becomes larger.     

规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

Parametric rolling prediction in irregular seas using combination of deterministic ship dynamics and probabilistic wave theory

In recent years there have been reports of serious accidents of parametric rolling for modern container ships and car carriers. For avoiding such accidents, a prediction method of parametric rolling in irregular seas is required. Since parametric rolling is practically non-ergodic, repetitions of numerical simulations or experiments could be not feasible to ascertain the behaviour. Therefore, in this paper, a method combining a stochastic approach with a deterministic approach in order to estimate the probabilistic index without such simple repetitions is developed. The ship's response in regular seas is estimated by solving an averaged system of the original 1-DoF roll model, and random waves necessary for occurrence of parametric rolling is achieved by using Longuet-Higgins’s or Kimura’s wave group theory. As a result, a fast and robust computation method of the probabilistic index is established. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed method is considered to be one of the useful tools for discussing the new IMO Intact Stability Code.     

On the Parametric Resonance of Tumblehome Hullforms in a Longitudinal Seaway

This work presents a numerical study of the influence of topside shape on parametric roll in longitudinal seas. The ONR 3 Topsides hulls are used to compare the single degree-of-freedom rolling response of a destroyer-sized vessel with flared (model 5613), tumblehome (model 5613-1), and wallsided (model 5613-2) shapes above the waterline. Through this relative comparison, the key aspects of parametric resonance of a tumblehome hullform are highlighted, namely the reduction in head seas forward speed required to encounter parametric roll. A variant on the Mathieu equation is used to simulate roll motions.     

纵向规则波中参数横摇的数值模拟

基于ITTC推荐的参数横摇运动方程,采用估算方法确定方程中的阻尼系数和复原力矩系数,数值模拟出船舶在规则波中的参数横摇情况,将上述方法具体应用于一艘滚装船船模的参数横摇预报,并与试验数据进行对比,验证了所采用方法的有效性。     

三体船横摇运动试验研究

三体船的侧体对其周围的流场及其自身的耐波性能会产生复杂的影响,导致三体船横摇运动的纯理论计算比较困难。因此,采用耐波性模型试验（包括自由衰减试验、规则波及不规则波中的航行试验）考察侧体横向位置、舭龙骨的设置以及航速等因素对三体船横摇运动的影响,研究结论对相关专业设计人员具有较好的参考价值。     

大型汽车滚装船参数横摇研究

对于航行在纵向波浪中的船舶,参数横摇是横稳性中典型的不利情形。文章对参数横摇作了介绍,并对某大型汽车滚装船进行了实例分析。首先,对船舶在纵向波浪中的稳性变化进行了计算;然后,根据衡准进行验证;最后,采用数值仿真方法,研究了稳性变化、横摇阻尼、航速、航向等参数对参数横摇的影响。     

中高速船加装减纵摇组合附体模型试验

对某常规单体排水式圆舭导弹护卫艇进行加装减纵向运动组合附体的模型快速性试验和耐波性试验。首先进行了小尺度模型的静水阻力试验和规则波试验，优选出阻力和减摇效果均较优的方案。进行了较大尺度模型的静水阻力试验、规则波试验和不规则波试验。试验结果表明减纵向运动组合附体可显著抑制舰船的纵向运动，包括垂荡、纵摇、艏、中、艉部加速度，以及砰击、上浪、波浪增阻等，经优化设计的组合附体尺度和布局对艇静水阻力基本没有影响。     

Wave slamming loads on wave-piercer catamarans operating at high-speed determined by hydro-elastic segmented model experiments

Catamaran vessels operating at high-speed can be exposed to deck diving and bow damage and one resolution of this problem is the wave-piercer design of INCAT Tasmania. Owing to the complexity of the unsteady non-linear flow in the bow area during large wave encounter model testing has been undertaken to identify the peak dynamic slam loads on the ship structure. This paper provides experimental benchmark information relating to the wave slam loads on wave-piercing catamaran ferries. Since the time frames of transient slam loadings and whipping vibration of the entire hull in its first bending mode are similar it is important that the test model replicates the whipping response and therefore needs to be a hydro-elastic model. A 2.5 m hydro-elastic segmented catamaran model has been developed based on the 112 m INCAT Tasmania wave-piercer catamaran to establish the peak wave slamming loads acting on the full-scale vessel. Towing tank tests were performed in regular seas at a maximum full-scale operating speed of 38 knots. The model was instrumented to measure the dynamic slam loads acting on the centre bow and vertical bending moments acting in the demihulls of the catamaran model as a function of wave frequency and wave height. Peak slam loads measured on the centre bow were found to approach the total weight of the model, this being a broadly similar result to the peak loads measured at full-scale. It was found that global dimensionless heave and pitch accelerations peaked in the same range of encounter frequency as did the peak slam load.