Optimal investment priority in container port development

The aim of this paper is to develop realistic and relevant investment planning models for inland container transportation systems. The models may be utilized to identify the most effective investment plan for inland transportation infrastructure development and to evaluate the inland container transportation system. The procedure enables determination of the optimal locations, sizes and time of container port developments as well as the optimal container cargo flows through transportation networks. A heuristic algorithm was developed for the purpose of evaluating alternative investment plans. Dynamic and linear programming methods are applied to each of the two planning problems: the former for the optimum container port capacity development problem and the latter for the optimal allocation of inland container traffic movements. The model has been applied to concrete inland container transportation system problems in Korea.     

集装箱船舶大型化的利与弊

分析集装箱船舶大型化所带来的港口水深、码头设施、堆场、起重机能力和内陆集疏运等一系列问题，认为应从运输系统全面考虑，把集装箱船舶尺度控制在经济效益最佳所对应的范围内。     

杭甬运河集装箱港口布局方案研究

运用层次分析法对杭甬运河集装箱港口布局进行规划研究,通过对港口腹地经济环境、集疏运网络、港口资源、港口服务管理水平、港口地理位置和投资等因素的权重分析,得到了以杭州港区为杭甬运河的主枢纽港,宁波海河联运港区和绍兴港区为重要港口,萧山港区、柯桥港区、上虞港区和余姚港区为一般港口的布局方案,其中主枢纽港和重要港口应以建设集装箱专用码头为主,其余应建设多用途码头。其结果对杭甬运河集装箱运输的发展具有重要的参考意义。     

浙江省内河集装箱运输适用船型研究

分析当前浙江省内河集装箱船型情况,结合浙江省内河航道、跨航桥梁、控制性船闸等基础设施现状及发展规划,提出适合浙江省的内河集装箱发展船型,并分析其节能、高效、经济、适应性等特点。本研究对行业主管部门研究制定相关标准具有参考价值,对全国内河集装箱运输发展具有借鉴意义。     

欧洲集装箱内河运输经验借鉴

随着全球和区域经济网络的形成和发展,内河集装箱运输得到了迅猛发展,人们日趋认识到内河集装箱运输在集装箱多式联运体系中的重要价值和未来持续增长的潜力。为此,以欧洲集装箱内河运输经验为借鉴,对集装箱内河运输模式进行了分析,内容包括:内河集装箱发展演变特点、给予政府层面的集装箱内河运输推进模式等,在此基础上,对我国的内河集装箱运输,提出了若干建议。     

国外内河集装箱运输的现状与趋势

介绍国外集装箱运输的主要航道、港口、船舶等基本情况,阐述内河集装箱运输在综合运输体系中的地位及促进内河集装箱运输的有关政策,阐明国外内河集装箱运输发展模式和趋势及对我国内河集装箱运输发展的借鉴意义。     

集装箱港区交通量计算模式探讨及道路系统的适应性分析

针对集装箱港区吞吐量增长给港区公路集疏运系统所带来的压力,研究公路交通量与集装箱公路集疏运量的关系。通过建立集装箱港区公路交通量的计算模式,并借助交通工程学的有关理论分析港口道路集疏运系统的适应性。本计算模式可指导集装箱港区公路集疏运系统的规划设计,保证集装箱港区公路集疏运系统的顺畅,为类似工程提供参考。     

集装箱船舶的大型化提出的新的要求

此文主要讨论了集装箱船大型化对港口基础设施、内陆集疏运系统、保险及环保等提出的新的要求和影响,以及超大型集装箱船的经济性问题。     

北亚得里亚海集装箱港口群市场前景分析

欧洲发达市场是全球集装箱海运重要板块,对其市场发展潜力分析是中资企业参与欧洲集装箱港口投资的必要前提。集装箱港口市场发展潜力受多种因素影响,以腹地生产法进行市场预测是当前的主流方法,但该方法主要以外贸需求作为变量,存在片面性。针对当前海外港口集装箱市场分析中存在的问题,提出最优路径模型下港口集装箱市场规模预测,并以亚得里亚海北部港口群作为典型案例予以说明。分析表明,最优路径模型在大范围集装箱港口市场规模分析中具有较好的适应性,能够为投资决策提供参考。     

外高桥现代集装箱港区规划与设计

上海港外高桥现代集装箱港区工程建设坚持可持续发展战略,创建了集装箱港区科学布置与港口高效运行的生产系统配置模式。港区的环境与景观体现了“自然、人与港口”和谐的主题。规划与设计的前瞻性和先进性,为港口运营不断适应集装箱运输的发展优势奠定了基础。外高桥现代集装箱港区建设与投产运营,标志着我国自行设计建造集装箱码头的能力和水平达到了世界先进水平。     

武汉新港花山作业区规划重点问题分析

基于武汉新港花山作业区的功能定位和发展要求,结合港口开发现状、区位和地形条件,针对港区平面布置、高程设计和交通组织等问题进行重点分析。充分利用陆域资源特点和条件,考虑不同港口功能区对陆域的要求,提出合理的平面布置方案;综合分析防洪、港区排水、交通及土石方平衡等要求,对港口高程系统、重要节点高程控制和港内交通组织进行设计,为复杂地形条件下的内河集装箱港区规划设计提供参考。     

Which terminals should expand investment: a perspective of internal non-cooperative competition in a port?

ABSTRACT

With the increasing container cargo throughput and the arising of port congestion, container ports start to choose the investment expansion strategy to increase the port efficiency and then to figure out the problem of port congestion. To analyze this strategy, we formulate a non-cooperative game model for a two-terminals-one-port system, and derive the optimal equilibrium outcomes of the investment expansion strategy and investment constant strategy. In the game, we find that when the investment parameter of expansion strategy and impact of handling efficiency on demand changes, both pure-strategy Nash equilibrium and mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium exist, and two terminals are more likely to choose the investment expansion strategy in most cases. Numerical simulation is applied to explore the equilibrium strategy under different circumstance.     

基于模拟减少集装箱船待港时间的实用方法(英文)

The main challenge for container ports is the planning required for berthing container ships while docked in port.Growth of containerization is creating problems for ports and container terminals as they reach their capacity limits of various resources which increasingly leads to traffic and port congestion.Good planning and management of container terminal operations reduces waiting time for liner ships.Reducing the waiting time improves the terminal’s productivity and decreases the port difficulties.Two important keys to reducing waiting time with berth allocation are determining suitable access channel depths and increasing the number of berths which in this paper are studied and analyzed as practical solutions.Simulation based analysis is the only way to understand how various resources interact with each other and how they are affected in the berthing time of ships.We used the Enterprise Dynamics software to produce simulation models due to the complexity and nature of the problems.We further present case study for berth allocation simulation of the biggest container terminal in Iran and the optimum access channel depth and the number of berths are obtained from simulation results.The results show a significant reduction in the waiting time for container ships and can be useful for major functions in operations and development of container ship terminals.     

自动化集装箱码头水平运输设备的路径规划

为保证自动化集装箱码头能够实现水平运输设备的高效自动化作业,水平运输设备行驶路径的规划能力成为评价系统好坏的决定性因素。针对自动化集装箱码头水平运输系统如何生成最优行驶路径的问题,从码头布局、任务划分、车道选择及路径优化等多方面进行深入探究,提出一套自动导引车运行路径规划系统方案,明确路径规划需要考虑的因素,简化路径规划系统的计算逻辑,缩短自动导引车的运行距离,对提高水平运输效率具有重要意义。     

An energy-cost approach for evaluation of operating systems in container terminals

The planning, design and development of a container terminal with optimum size and capacity and with a minimum capital cost is fundamentally dependent upon the loading and discharging operations at the quayside. Achieving this purpose, terminal operators have to choose the best operating system in the container yard. The decision on which equipment is used at container terminals depends on several factors. The purpose of this study is to provide a new decision making tool using the first law of thermodynamics. It considers a port as a control volume of a fluid system and models the port and its traffic on it. The results of this study evaluate container yard operating systems and set up a basis for decision making to select the best alternatives.     

熵权值模糊综合评判法在港口竞争力评价中的应用

通过对影响集装箱运输的各种因素进行深入分析,建立了评价集装箱港市场竞争力的指标体系。运用熵权值的方法确定各个指标的评价权重值,建立多级模糊综合评判模型。通过该模型对集装箱港口的市场竞争力进行评价,该模型在实际应用中取锝了较好的效果。     

Weekly container delivery patterns in liner shipping planning models

This paper addresses a fundamental question related to nearly all container liner shipping planning models: whether the implicit assumption of identical container delivery pattern every week is valid in a situation of identical shipping services and identical cargo demand every week. We prove that when the number of containers transported from one port to the next is formulated as a continuous variable, the resulting mathematical model with an identical container delivery pattern is equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns which can be different in different weeks. When the number of containers transported is formulated as an integer variable, the model with an identical container delivery pattern is not equivalent to the model with general container delivery patterns. However, the difference between the optimal objective values of the two models is negligible for practical applications. In sum, little, if not nothing, is lost by assuming an identical container delivery pattern in liner shipping planning models.     

大型集装箱港口近港集疏运道路服务水平提升

公路集疏运是港口集疏运的主要方式之一。针对大型集装箱港口吞吐量较大造成的近港主要集疏运道路拥堵问题,进行现状情况的分析研究,总结近港道路的交通特征和拥堵原因。在此基础上,采用节流和开源的方法,从降低小时流量和提高通行能力的角度出发,提出设置港外堆场的方式平衡公路流量和引入无人驾驶降低平均车头时距两个方面的措施。并以上海洋山深水港区为例,应用本文提出的改善措施,详述港外中转堆场规模、选址和在无人集卡运输要求下集疏运道路断面调整方案,计算得出"改善后集疏运道路服务水平显著提升"的结果,印证了本文提出措施的可行性,为港口集疏运规划决策提供思路。     

Determining optimal inland-empty-container depot locations under stochastic demand

Maritime freight volumes fluctuate with changes in consumer demand and global economies. In this paper we analyze the stochasticity in the container trade volumes and perform a two-stage stochastic analysis with recourse to determine an optimal set of inland depots to be opened within a 10-year time horizon. The work builds on our previous effort that introduced the concept of an ‘Inland-Depots-for-Empty-Containers’ (IDEC) system for effective regional repositioning of empty containers. We evaluate the proposed approach by performing a case study based on the port region of New York/New Jersey. Results obtained demonstrate greater expected benefit from the proposed approach as compared to the corresponding deterministic or single-stage stochastic models.     

全自动化集装箱码头水平运输方式对比

自动化集装箱码头水平运输方式优选是码头装卸工艺及总平面设计需要解决的问题。基于目前世界全自动化码头水平运输工艺系统应用现状,围绕技术参数、效率、能力、能耗、成本及技术先进性等要素,对两种主要的运输方式进行了定性及定量对比分析。