车辆多目标自适应巡航显式模型预测控制

为了兼顾车辆自适应巡航控制(ACC)系统的跟踪控制效果和实时性, 提出了基于显式模型预测控制(EMPC)理论的车辆多目标自适应巡航控制方法; 基于车辆间运动学关系建立自适应巡航控制运动学模型, 根据预测控制理论推导预测时域内的跟踪误差预测模型, 并确定车辆安全性、跟踪性、经济性和舒适性等多性能目标函数和约束条件; 运用显式模型预测控制中的多参数规划理论, 将基于反复在线优化计算的闭环模型预测控制系统转化为与之等价的显式多面体分段仿射(PPWA)系统, 通过离线计算获得期望加速度与距离误差、速度误差、自车加速度和前车加速度等状态变量之间的最优控制律, 并设计在线查表的搜索流程, 通过定位当前状态所处分区, 并应用该分区的显式控制律实现自适应巡航控制; 进行了纵向跟踪工况仿真验证, 并与传统MPC-ACC控制方法进行对比。对比结果表明: 在前车正弦加减速工况下, EMPC-ACC控制器单步运算速度比MPC-ACC控制器平均提升了53.51%, EMPC-ACC控制下的平均距离跟踪误差为0.220 3 m, 平均速度误差为0.340 1 m·s-1; 在前车阶跃加减速工况下, EMPC-ACC控制器单步运算速度比MPC-ACC控制器平均提升了72.96%, EMPC-ACC控制下的平均距离跟踪误差为0.331 9 m, 平均速度误差为0.399 1 m·s-1。可见, 提出的EMPC-ACC控制算法在保证纵向跟踪性能的前提下, 有效地提高了自适应巡航控制的实时性。      

基于模糊补偿的RBF神经网络机械手控制

针对机械手系统的高精度轨迹跟踪控制,提出了一种基于模糊补偿的RBF（radial basis function）神经网络机械手控制方法.该方法首先利用PD（proportional-integral）控制器获得机械手的控制策略,将其输出作为RBF神经网络的输入,并学习得到系统模型;然后运用模糊逻辑补偿器对系统扰动和建模误差进行补偿;最后,在MATLAB/Simulink平台上针对两关节机械臂,进行了有模糊补偿和无模糊补偿系统跟踪的均方根误差测量仿真实验.研究结果表明,两关节机械臂的控制精度分别提高了60.8%和71.4%,本文提出的方法能够解决机械手实际模型很难精确建立的问题,并能对系统未建模部分和扰动部分进行自适应补偿.      

基于自适应动态面的航向跟踪控制器设计

针对船舶航向控制非线性系统模型中存在的不确定性和外界干扰的影响,采用动态面控制算法设计了一种鲁棒自适应控制器。由于在反步法设计过程中加入了一阶低通滤波器使得该方法无需对模型非线性多次微分,因而设计方法简单。所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器不仅能保证闭环系统的半全局渐近稳定,使得输出渐进跟踪期望轨迹;而且,跟踪误差可以通过控制器的设计参数加以调整。以中远集装箱船COSCO Shanghai号为例进行仿真研究,结果证明所设计的控制器是有效的。     

基于自适应非奇异终端滑模的悬浮控制策略

针对采用传统线性滑模控制的电磁悬浮系统存在响应速度慢以及抗干扰能力差的问题，提出了一种基于自适应非奇异终端滑模的悬浮控制方法，该方法将自适应控制引入到终端滑模控制，结合滑模控制对扰动不敏感的优点，利用自适应控制对滑模趋近律系数进行在线自适应调节，改善悬浮系统的动态性能. 首先，建立了电磁悬浮系统数学模型；然后，利用李雅普诺夫稳定理论证明了所设计控制器的稳定性；最后，进行了仿真和实验验证. 实验结果表明:自适应非奇异终端滑模对信号跟踪具有更快的响应速度和更小的稳态误差，对峰峰值为2 N的正弦或锯齿干扰力气隙波动可限定在0.2 mm以内，进行0.1 kg加减载实验时气隙波动为0.6 mm，各项性能均优于终端滑模和线性滑模.      

基于计算智能的高压直流输电系统自适应控制

HVDC系统的常规控制普遍采用PI控制策略,该策略是基于固定增益的稳定运行状态进行控制器设计的.由于HVDC系统的响应随运行状态的变化而改变,使得PI控制器的性能很难实现最优.本文基于计算智能理论(Computational Intelligence,CI),将粗糙集理论与粒度计算技术相结合,提出了一种新型的高压直流输电自适应控制器,该控制器可根据HVDC系统运行参数的动态变化对增益大小进行调节,从而使系统的控制性能得到优化,仿真试验结果证明了这一结论.     

车辆自适应巡航控制算法的设计与仿真

为实现智能车辆的自适应巡航功能,基于车速跟踪及PID控制理论设计了具有上下两层结构的自适应巡航控制系统.下层控制器根据上层控制器计算出的期望车速对节气门开度和制动力矩进行协调控制.在保证控制精度的前提下简化了算法.多种工况下的仿真实验表明控制器的控制效果良好.     

Nonlinear pitch control of an underwater glider based on adaptive backstepping approach

Underwater gliders are highly efficient and long-ranged autonomous underwater vehicles. The typical dynamic modeling in the vertical plane is of multi-input multi-output(MIMO), which is underactuated while easily affected by the ambient environment. To resolve the problems of MIMO, the dynamic model is transformed into a single-input single-output(SISO) system with two dubious parameters, and an adaptive backstepping controller is designed and applied in this paper. A Lyapunov function has been established with the total energy of the system converged in the controller. Contrast result of simulation has demonstrated that the derived nonlinear controller has higher tracking precision and faster response than the proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control method,which indicates its excellent capability to deal with the controlling problems of underwater gliders.     

Real-Time Discrete Adaptive Control of Robot Arm Based on Digital Signal Processing

A discrete model reference adaptive controller of robot arm is obtained by integrating the reduced dynamic model of robot, model reference adaptive control (MRAC) and digital signal processing (DSP) computer system into an electromechanical system. With the DSP computer system, the control signal of each joint of the robot arm can be processed in real time and independently. The simulation and experiment results show that with the control strategy, the robot achieved a good trajectory following precision, a good decoupling performance and a high real-time adaptivity.     

Hierarchical control strategy of trajectory tracking for intelligent vehicle

In order to track the desired trajectory for intelligent vehicle, a new hierarchical control strategy is presented. The control structure consists of two layers. The high-level controller adopts the model predictive control (MPC) to calculate the steering angle tracking the desired yaw angle and the lateral position. The low-level controller is designed as a gain-scheduling controller based on linear matrix inequalities. The desired longitudinal velocity and the yaw rate are tracked by the adjustment of each wheel torque. The simulation results via the high-fidelity vehicle dynamics simulation software veDYNA show that the proposed strategy has a good tracking performance and can guarantee the yaw stability of intelligent vehicle.     

Finite-Time Attitude Tracking Control of Spacecraft with Actuator Saturation

The attitude tracking control problem of a rigid spacecraft with actuator saturation is investigated in this paper. A finite-time attitude tracking control scheme is presented by incorporating sliding mode control (SMC) and adaptive technique. Specifically, a novel time-varying sliding mode manifold is first developed that aims at regulating the attitude tracking error to equilibrium point within a certain finite time. Moreover, it can be specified a priori by the designer according to the mission requirement. Subsequently, an adaptive controller is derived by using the SMC in conjunction with adaptive technique. The designed controller is capable of ensuring that the state trajectories reach to sliding regime within a finite time, and hence that attitude tracking error can converge to zero in a finite time with the aid of the developed sliding dynamics, despite the presence of exogenous disturbances, unknown inertia properties and saturation nonlinearities. Finally, the simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

基于重复学习控制的高精度高速摆动扫描系统研究

采用重复控制,可以显著提高控制系统对周期性信号的跟踪精度,提高系统的鲁棒性.针对反射镜高速摆动扫描系统,设计了基于重复学习控制补偿的控制器,通过对扫描系统常规PD控制与重复学习补偿控制的仿真对比,对50Hz参考输入周期扫描信号,所设计的重复学习控制系统能够高精度地跟踪给定周期信号.     

Simulation of Adaptive Control Strategy for Electrical Discharge Machining Process

Electrode down-time is an important factor affecting the efficiency and stability of electrical discharge machining(EDM) process. In the research, a way of simulating the regulation of the electrode down-time in an EDM adaptive control system has been studied. All the simulations are performed on Matlab. The simulation results demonstrate that this adaptive controller by regulating electrode down-time can direct the gap state to follow the specified reference gap state with or without disturbances. Finally, the adaptive control scheme is also validated by experiments. The significance of the simulation of an EDM adaptive control system lies on the fact that it provides a convenient way to guide the actual production and provides a new study method for the research of EDM control strategy with no regard of experimental conditions.     

Adaptive control of active balancing system for a fast speed-varying Jeffcott rotor with actuator time delay

Due to actuator time delay existing in an adaptive control of the active balancing system for a fastspeed-varying Jeffcott rotor, if an unsynchronized control force (correction imbalance) is applied to the system,it may lead to degradation in control efficiency and instability of the control system. In order to avoid theseshortcomings, a simple adaptive controller was designed for a strictly positive real rotor system with actuatortime delay, then a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional was constructed after an appropriate transform of this sys-tem model, the stability conditions of this adaptive control system with actuator time delay were derived. Afteradding a filter function, the active balancing system for the fast speed-varying Jeffcott rotor with actuator timedelay can easily be converted to a strictly positive real system, and thus it can use the above adaptive controllersatisfying the stability conditions. Finally, numerical simulations show that the adaptive controller proposedworks very well to perform the active balancing for the fast speed-varying Jeffcott rotor with actuator timedelay.     

吊舱推进电机的无模型自适应滑模矢量控制

为解决半潜船吊舱推进电机控制系统中负载扰动造成的转速跟踪性能差的问题, 提出一种基于数据驱动的吊舱推进电机转速矢量控制方法; 对包含未知负载扰动的推进电机转速方程进行离散化处理, 给出关于输出转速与输入电流离散后的非线性转速系统; 由于非线性转速系统方程中变量较多且负载扰动模型未知, 设计了基于数据驱动的无模型自适应控制器, 并给出了伪偏导数估计算法; 采用滑模观测器观测螺旋桨负载扰动, 同时给出了滑模控制器; 结合无模型自适应控制和滑模控制给出了负载扰动下的无模型自适应滑模(MFASM)控制方案; 构建了吊舱推进电机无模型自适应滑模矢量控制调速系统, 并在MATLAB/Simulink环境下给出了仿真结果。研究结果表明: 在船舶正常作业恒定转速下, 在0.3~0.5 s时间区域内, 采用MFASM矢量控制方案和PI矢量控制方案的吊舱推进电机的转速误差分别为2、6 r·min-1; 在0.8~1.0 s时间区域内, 采用无模型自适应滑模矢量控制方案和PI矢量控制方案的吊舱推进电机的转速误差分别1、3 r·min-1; 对于船舶操车作业的可变转速情形, 采用MFASM矢量控制方案的推进电机转速和转矩达到稳态的时间比PI矢量控制方案少0.01~0.03 s。可以看出, 采用MFASM矢量控制方案可改善吊舱推进电机转速跟踪性能, 是一种有效的抑制负载扰动的数据驱动控制方法。      

Design of rail pressure tracking controller for novel fuel injection system

This paper proposes a rail pressure tracking controller based on a novel common rail system. A mathematical model, based on physical equations, is developed and used for feed forward control design. Rail pressure peak sampling mechanism is designed to remove the disturbance of rail pressure due to fuel injection. An enhanced tracking differentiator is designed to get smooth tracking signal and exact differential signal from signal with noise. Double loop control strategy is designed to decouple the system and to improve dynamic performance of the system. Experimental results indicate that fluctuation of rail pressure is within ±1 MPa in steady condition, while within ±3 MPa in transient condition, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed rail pressure control strategy.     

不完全驱动船舶非线性控制

介绍了不完全驱动系统及其意义，建立了船舶港内自动靠离泊模型和海上航运控制模型。以船舶在大洋航行或长距离转向点间航行中经常发生的直线轨迹跟踪为例，运用输入-输出线性化设计方法，给出了一个具有渐近跟踪能力的控制律。将该控制律应用于一个实例，并用Matlab语言进行了计算机仿真，结果表明该控制器可以解决船舶的不完全控制问题。     

Weighted Adaptive Generalized Predictive Control for Carding Autoleveler

In textile industry, carding process has decisive influence on produced yarn quality. From the system theoretic point of view, it is marked by stochastic disturbance, long delays, and parameter variation. So, a carding process is difficult to control with traditional control algorithms (such as PID). In this paper, a weighted adaptive generalized predictive control (GPC) law was developed to control such a process. The experimental results show that GPC autoleveller controller could greatly reduce the sliver‘s standard deviation and reject disturbance.     

船舶主机缸套冷却水温度灰色预测模糊PID控制

针对船舶主机缸套冷却水温度控制系统的大惯性、纯滞后和时变性特点,提出了将等维新息灰色预测控制与模糊自调节PID控制相结合的新型控制策略,这种控制器可根据系统预测误差和变化率自动调整控制器参数,使控制器对系统响应具有适应性.仿真结果表明:灰色预测模糊PID控制比常规的PID控制与模糊PID控制有更多的优越性,自适应能力强...     

气体燃料发动机空燃比的H∞控制

为了抑制外部扰动,改善空燃比控制精度,将H∞控制理论应用于气体燃料发动机空燃比控制系统中,通过对发动机空燃比控制系统的数学建模,进行H∞空燃比控制器的设计,然后对所设计出的H∞控制器进行仿真比较与实验测试。仿真与实验结果表明:H∞控制器能有效地提高系统的跟踪性、鲁棒稳定性与抗干扰能力,能改善稳定工况与过渡工况时发动机空燃比的控制精度。     

船舶航向非线性系统的动态面控制

针对船舶航向控制非线性系统模型中存在的不确定性和外界干扰的影响,采用动态面控制算法设计了一种航向控制器。由于在反步法设计过程中加入了一阶低通滤波器使得该方法无需对模型非线性多次微分,因而设计方法简单,所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的半全局渐近稳定,使得输出渐进跟踪期望轨迹。数字仿真结果表明,控制系统对给定航向的跟踪具有良好的动态特性,对系统的不确定性,具有较强的鲁棒性。