基于船体极限强度和碰撞剩余强度的HCSR对比分析

2013版HCSR对极限强度和船体梁载荷计算的诸多安全系数和公式做出了新的修正。第五章船体梁强度新增加针对船体梁剩余强度的计算和校核。本文基于Smith法,根据2013版HCSR中船体梁载荷计算公式和极限强度计算流程的规定,考虑材料屈服、结构单元屈曲及后屈曲的特性,应用Fortran程序设计语言编写船体极限强度计算程序,以某76 000 t散货船为例,对完整船体的极限强度进行计算,对碰撞状态下破损船体的剩余强度进行计算并校核承载能力。通过对比ABS和DNV规范中的碰撞模型,2013版HCSR指定的剩余强度校核公式及船体梁载荷计算公式中选取的校核公式更严格。     

循环载荷下箱型梁极限强度性能实验研究

通过系列箱型梁模型实验,研究了箱型梁在极值循环弯曲载荷下的极限承载性能。分别对四个加筋箱型梁模型进行了循环载荷下的四点纯弯实验,实验分别采取单向及双向循环载荷两种施加方式。在单向循环弯曲实验中,模型的后续循环的极限强度与前一循环的后极限强度阶段的卸载点接近,但塑性变形有明显增加,极限承载能力下降显著;双向循环弯曲中,反向弯矩虽然抵消了部分塑性变形,但箱型梁的极限承载能力仍有明显下降。实验表明,实验加载过程中,箱型梁在承受极值循环载荷初期,其构件崩溃速率较缓,而一旦进入后极限阶段,崩溃速率显著加快;箱型梁在极值循环弯曲载荷下的极限承载性能,即后极限强度性能,相比一次性极限强度值逐步下降。     

纵桁架对船体结构强度的影响研究

基于有限元分析方法分别对只设支柱、设双（单）向纵桁架和设纵舱壁3种结构形式的船型进行了总纵弯曲计算，并与等值梁理论的计算结果进行比较，得出了纵向桁架对船体梁上下翼板弯曲应力的分布、船体挠度及对船体横强度的影响程度。计算采用ANSYS软件，建立参数化有限元模型，利用APDL语言实现波浪载荷的自动施加。     

船舶总纵极限强度可靠性分析

船体梁的总纵弯曲失效是船舶最严重的破坏事件.本文引入随机过程理论,确定表征船舶总纵弯曲载荷和强度各随机变量的概率分布及统计特征.针对船体梁总纵弯曲的失效模式,利用JC法、复合形法及MonteCarlo法对船体结构强度进行可靠性分析,并对结果进行对比分析,都较好地满足了精度要求,为船舶总纵强度可靠性分析提供理论依据.     

船体梁纵向极限强度研究现状

介绍纵向强度计算的起源以及在实船和缩尺模型上所做的总纵弯曲试验。说明屈曲和屈服对承受纵向弯矩作用下船体梁渐进式压坏行为的影响，并给出实例计算结果。回顾纵向极限承载能力和渐进压坏行为的分析方法及研究工作，提供一些重要结果，并讨论在纵向弯矩下船体渐进式压坏的比较计算和分析。     

环境烈度因子在FPSO船体梁强度评估中的应用

由于作业方式不同,用于计算FPSO与不限定航线条件下船舶设计载荷的规范计算公式不一样,如何将现有的关于普通海船的规范用于FPSO的设计评估是FPSO研究中的关键问题。基于现有常规钢质海船规范,文章采用环境烈度因子(ESF)对用于计算运营于无限航区船舶设计载荷的规范公式进行修正,将修正后的公式作为FPSO设计载荷的计算公式。利用所得FPSO载荷计算公式计算某30万吨FPSO设计载荷,并采用薄壁梁理论对船体梁强度进行校核。将校核结果与未经ESF修正的船体梁校核结果进行比较,发现未经ESF修正的船体梁校核结果明显偏大。同时,采用薄壁梁理论进行船体梁剪切强度评估,可以避免建立全船有限元模型。     

环境烈度因子在FPSO船体梁强度评估中的应用

由于作业方式不同,用于计算FPSO与不限定航线条件下船舶设计载荷的规范计算公式不一样,如何将现有的关于普通海船的规范用于FPSO的设计评估是FPSO研究中的关键问题.基于现有常规钢质海船规范,文章采用环境烈度因子(ESF)对用于计算运营于无限航区船舶设计载荷的规范公式进行修正,将修正后的公式作为FPSO设计载荷的计算公式.利用所得FPSO载荷计算公式计算某30万吨FPSO设计载荷,并采用薄壁梁理论对船体梁强度进行校核.将校核结果与未经ESF修正的船体梁校核结果进行比较,发现未经ESF修正的船体梁校核结果明显偏大.同时,采用薄壁梁理论进行船体梁剪切强度评估,可以避免建立全船有限元模型.     

破损船体剩余强度衡准研究

本文研究了船体破损非对称淹水和刚度损失引起的船体外载荷变化,并利用破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度计算方法详细分析碰撞、搁浅和爆炸破损对船体极限强度的影响.然后基于破损船体极值载荷和极限强度,给出破损船体剩余强度衡准,并对破损船体临界海况进行预报.     

NK发布集装箱船船体梁扭转强度评估修订指南

NK发布集装箱船船体梁扭转强度评估修订指南．该指南是集装箱船结构指南的组成部分。2011年，NK开始全方位审核和更新集装箱船结构指南。该指南总共由四项单独的指南组成，包括集装箱船结构强度直接计算指南，船体梁扭转强度评估，疲劳强度评估以及极限总纵弯曲能力评估。船体梁扭转强度评估指南修订版本可以免费在NK网站上获得。     

循环载荷下船体板极限承载性能研究

研究船体板在轴向循环压缩载荷下的极限承载性能,对于保障船舶的总纵强度安全具有重要意义。本文运用系列方柱试件模拟船体板构件,对其在轴向循环压缩下的极限承载能力进行了试验研究,并运用非线性有限元方法对其中两个试件进行了数值分析。研究表明,船体板一次性崩溃压缩极限强度是循环压缩载荷下船体板极限强度的最大值,基于一次性崩溃理念的船体结构极限强度评估可能偏于危险。     

CFRP修复的FPSO点蚀船体梁极限强度分析

采用非线性有限元法对中拱和中垂工况条件下碳纤维增强聚合物(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, CFRP)修复的浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)点蚀船体梁极限强度进行仿真分析。对比FPSO的完整船体梁、点蚀船体梁和CFRP修复的点蚀船体梁的中拱极限弯矩和中垂极限弯矩，分析CFRP对FPSO点蚀船体梁的修复效果，并分析胶层失效规律。结果表明，CFRP可为船舶的高效修复提供一种新的方式。     

Progressive collapse analysis of ship hull girders subjected to extreme cyclic bending

This paper introduces a novel analytical method to predict the buckling collapse behaviour of a ship hull girder subjected to several cycles of extreme load. This follows the general principles of the established simplified progressive collapse method with an extended capability to re-formulate the load-shortening curve of structural components to account for cyclic degradation. The method provides a framework for assessing residual hull girder strength following a complex series of unusually extreme load events where the wave induced bending moment rises close to, or even surpasses, the monotonic ultimate strength. These load events may be sequential, such as might be caused by a series of storm waves, or they may occur as a collection of discrete events occurring over a longer period. The extreme cyclic bending amplifies the distortion and residual stress initially induced by fabrication in the flanges of the girder, which results in a deterioration of the residual ultimate strength. Validation is firstly completed through a comparison with previously published experimental work and secondly via comparison with numerical simulation on four ship-type box girders using the nonlinear finite element method.     

波浪中船体梁后极限强度特性的实验评估(英文)

Experimental investigations into the collapse behavior of a box-shape hull girder subjected to extreme wave-induced loads are presented.The experiment was performed using a scaled model in a tank.In the middle of the scaled model,sacrificial specimens with circular pillar and trough shapes which respectively show different bending moment-displacement characteristics were mounted to compare the dynamic collapse characteristics of the hull girder in waves.The specimens were designed by using finite element(FE)-analysis.Prior to the tank tests,static four-point-bending tests were conducted to detect the load-carrying capacity of the hull girder.It was shown that the load-carrying capacity of a ship including reduction of the capacity after the ultimate strength can be reproduced experimentally by employing the trough type specimens.Tank tests using these specimens were performed under a focused wave in which the hull girder collapses under once and repetitive focused waves.It was shown from the multiple collapse tests that the increase rate of collapse becomes higher once the load-carrying capacity enters the reduction path while the increase rate is lower before reaching the ultimate strength.     

190 m以下箱形驳总纵强度规范研究

针对目前超尺度箱形驳需要通过直接计算进行总强度校核的要求,采用有限元方法,基于船体梁理论,通过研究不同舱壁设置时,甲板和船底参与总纵强度的有效性,提出了保证超尺度箱形驳按规范进行设计的总强度附加要求,即对不同尺度比的箱形驳设置最低数量的水密舱壁来保证超尺度箱形驳的总强度,从而避免进行复杂的全船直接计算.     

协调版共同结构规范对港口工况下散货船的影响分析

协调版共同结构规范（CSR-H）对港口工况下船体梁强度和船体构件局部强度的要求与先前的油船共同结构规范（CSR-OT）基本一致,而相比散货船共同结构规范（CSR-BC）有明显变化。通过对比分析CSR-H和CSR-BC对于港口工况具体要求的差异,并结合实船数据分析,阐述基于CSR-H要求的港口工况对散货船结构设计的影响;并探讨针对符合CSR-H的散货船,如何合理选取船体梁许用静水弯矩值和许用静水剪力值。     

散货船隔舱重载下极限强度简易计算方法研究

散货船在装载矿石等重货时,通常只装载在奇数货舱内,这就是所谓的隔舱重载工况。在这种工况下,中间舱的双层底结构除受到总纵弯曲作用外,还会受到邻舱重货引起的局部弯曲作用,而且该局部弯曲的作用会降低中拱状态下船体梁的极限强度。文章提出了一种简易计算方法,顶边舱结构和底边舱结构可以看作两根梁,双层底结构可视作正交异性板,运用双梁理论和正交异性板理论可推导出局部弯曲的影响。然后,考虑该局部弯曲的作用,用Smith法计算船体梁的极限强度。最后,将文中方法计算的结果与FEM结果进行比较,并对结果进行了分析。     

基于完整船体极限强度和搁浅剩余强度的协调共同结构规范对比分析

文章基于Smith法,根据国际船级社协会发布的2013版协调共同结构规范(HCSR)中破损模型、失效模式和载荷模型,考虑材料屈服、结构单元屈曲及后屈曲的特性,应用FORTRAN程序设计语言编写船体极限强度计算程序,以某76000吨散货船为算例,对完整船体的极限强度进行计算,对搁浅状态下破损船体的剩余强度进行计算并校核承载能力。通过在中拱和中垂工况下与其他规范的对比验证,2013版HCSR指定的剩余强度校核公式及船体梁载荷计算公式中选取的安全系数要求更高,校核更严格。     

破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析及可靠性评估

在船体发生破损后,其剩余有效剖面是非对称的,船体还可能倾斜。本文首先对破损船体非对称弯曲进行了弹性和塑性分析,在此基础上假设了破损船体发生整体破坏时的剖面应力分布,给出了破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析方法,并采用了比较精细的方法计算加筋板格的屈曲极限强度。以箱型梁模型和超大型油船为例,将本文的计算结果与试验、ＩＳＵＭ法及解析公式的结果进行了比较。基于破损船体极限强度,结合重要性样本法,对６５,００     

Analysis of the accident of the MVNakhodka. Part 1. Estimation of wave loads

MVNakhodka collapsed and broke in two on January 2, 1997 in the Sea of Japan, giving rise to a serious and disastrous oil spill on the coastline of Japan. During the inquiry into the cause of the accident, one of the main tasks of the inquiry committee was to identify the external loads which made the ship structure collapse. Among the several possible scenarios for the accident, after careful examination, the wave loads in the heavy weather at the time of the accident were taken to be the most plausible cause. The results of that research are described in two papers, and the present paper deals with the way in which wave loads on theNakhodka at the moment of the accident were estimated. We first describe the details of the accident such as the location, the sea condition, the loading condition, and the ship's heading speed. Then the static loads resulting from the distribution of the cargo weight and the buoyancy are given to show that the static bending moment at the time of the accident caused extreme sagging. Next the wave loads in the irregular waves, calculated by the nonlinear time domain simulation program SRSLAM, are presented. It is shown that the bending moment in the waves reaches 1 087 800 KN^*m at maximum SS 6.9, which is where the hull girder collapse took place. It was concluded that the ship broke in two because the bending moment exceeded the hull girder strength which had been reduced due to corrosion, taking into account conclusions derived from the research dealing with the structural strength aspect. We also discuss the stochastic significance of the estimated value and nonlinear nature of the peak distribution, in addition to the effects of the ship speed and wave heading on the wave load estimation. This article is based on an article that appeared in Japanese in the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 183 (1998).     

船体总纵极限强度可靠性分析的拉丁超立方抽样法

本文将拉丁超立方抽样法与条件期望和对偶变数方差减缩技术组合用于分析船体总纵极限强度可靠性。在一系列不同的极限状态函数条件下，对随机抽样法和拉丁超立方抽样法以及是否使用方差减缩技术进行了比较研究，使用组合方法获得了稳定的结果和较大的方差减缩，最后，基于极限强度，将该组合方法用于评估散货船在极值弯矩作用下的船体梁安全性。