利用柴油机尾气后处理技术实现欧Ⅳ排放标准的试验研究

以某4缸增压直喷柴油机为样机,利用专业试验台架,在优化喷油提前角和EGR阀开度的前提下,联合利用氧化催化器(DOC)及微粒氧化催化转化器(POC)技术对柴油机尾气排放进行了试验研究,并总结了DOC和POC技术对柴油机排放的影响规律.试验结果表明,通过优化喷油提前角及EGR阀开度,并且选择正确的DOC与POC的布置形式,...     

DOC+POC对发动机燃用柴油与B20排放颗粒的净化性能研究

对一台车用高压共轨直喷式柴油机,分别燃用纯柴油和B20燃料,在未加装后处理装置的原机和加装柴油机氧化催化器与颗粒氧化催化转化器(DOC+POC)后处理装置的两种状态下,利用EEPS颗粒粒径谱仪,测试其排气颗粒数量排放及其粒径分布。结果表明:未加装后处理装置时,燃用B20燃料的核态颗粒数量排放略高于柴油;而聚集态颗粒的数量排放则低于柴油;加装DOC+POC后处理装置后,排气颗粒数量排放明显下降,颗粒净化效率存在两个较高的峰值,一个在粒径10nm附近的核态颗粒区域,另一个在粒径300nm附近的聚集态颗粒区域。燃用B20燃料时,总的来说排气颗粒数量排放低于柴油,一DOC+POC对多数工况下颗粒的净化效率明显高于柴油。     

车用柴油机冷EGR+降低PM技术排放试验研究

以一台柴油机为样机,研究了裸机、冷EGR及冷EGR+DOC+POC 3种配置状态的排放特性和POC入口处的排气温度变化情况.结果表明,与裸机相比,冷EGR状态下ESC、ETC循环NOx排放量分别降低了25%和26%,HC及CO增加了50%左右,PM分别增加了24%与16%;与冷EGR状态相比,冷EGR+DOC+POC状态下NOx排放量没有明显变化,PM、CO及HC,在ESC循环分别降低了56%、80%及91%,在ETC循环分别降低了50%、70%及86%.     

柴油机微粒捕集器催化再生技术

柴油机微粒捕集器（DPF）能降低柴油机的微粒（PM）排放量,文章提出了DPF催化再生技术方案,将氧化催化器（DOC）与DPF相结合,通过DOC催化氧化未燃HC等来提高排气温度达到微粒着火温度500～600℃,点燃微粒从而完成再生过程。以YN4100QB–1A柴油机为研究对象,对不同喷油量下的DPF升温特性进行了试验研究,试验结果表明：当喷油量大于60mL/min时,再生系统能迅速将排气温度提高到500℃以上。可变喷油量的喷油控制方案可使DPF升温平缓,降低再生造成的二次污染。     

柴油发动机满足欧Ⅵ排放排气后处理技术分析

<正>随着排放法规的逐步加严,仅依靠机内净化技术已不能达到法规限值要求,还必须使用排气后处理技术来控制污染物。参考国外柴油发动机从欧Ⅴ到欧Ⅵ阶段的技术路线,由于柴油机排放物PM与NOx存在折中效应,为达到欧Ⅵ排放标准,应采用组合式后处理技术。在各种后处理技术方案中,SCR+DOC+DPF/POC和EGR+DOC+DPF是两种主要的技术措施。     

催化剂涂覆量对POC降低柴油机排放的影响

在1台4缸柴油机上进行了POC催化剂涂覆量对柴油机污染物排放量影响的试验研究,分析了POC催化剂涂覆量对HC,CO,PM和烟度的影响规律。结果表明,催化剂涂覆量为0.706×10-3 g/cm3时对HC和CO均有较高的转化效率,分别为58.4%和72.5%;涂覆催化剂后,POC对PM的氧化率和捕集率随POC前温度的变化呈现相似的规律,最高捕集率与氧化率均出现在230℃左右,分别为73.2%和30.1%。     

不同路线国Ⅴ车用重型柴油机微粒物中SOF和PAHs的对比研究

采用AVL全流采样(CVS)系统,对2台国Ⅴ车用重型柴油机进行了ESC和ETC循环试验,并利用气相色谱—质谱联用仪等设备对颗粒物中的可溶性有机物(SOF)和多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析。通过对比采用DOC+DPF和SCR两种技术路线柴油机的SOF和PAHs及其组分,对它们的排放特性进行了研究。研究发现,无论是ESC循环下还是ETC循环下,DOC+DPF路线发动机PM排放中SOF含量以及PAHs排放总浓度都要明显低于SCR路线发动机,PM中菲和芘的浓度会降低一半以上。     

满足国Ⅴ排放的重型柴油机排气后处理技术

研究了国外重型发动机在欧Ⅳ到欧Ⅴ阶段(或US2007到US2010)的技术路线,并探讨国内重型柴油机达到国Ⅴ排放可采用的排气后处理技术方案。由于柴油机排放物PM与NOx存在折中效应,为达到国Ⅴ排放标准,应采用组合式后处理技术。在各种后处理技术方案中,SCR+DOC+DPF/POC和EGR+DOC+DPF是两种主要的技术措施,而LNT+DOC+DPF技术对排气中的S特别敏感。     

NSR催化技术的开发和应用

根据柴油发动机的不同情况和排放特点,现有五种NOx国Ⅳ解决方案(见表1),方案一为DOC、二为DOC+POC、三是SCR、四是DOC+DPF,第五个是NSR(NOx——StorageReduction Calalyst)路线,我们研发的NSR技术已成功应用于稀燃汽油车。技术路线分析不管采用DOC还是DOC+POC或者NSR都可以实现国Ⅳ的排放,但是选择某种路线还是要根据原     

柴油机微粒捕集器再生系统工作模式判别研究

在发动机急变工况下,喷油助燃+柴油机氧化催化转化器(DOC)微粒再生方式需对喷油助燃装置工作模式进行判断,降低能耗并增加再生系统稳定性。对一种采用滤波方式判断喷油助燃装置工作模式的方法进行台架试验和仿真,介绍了利用低通滤波进行工作模式判别的原理,分析了DOC对工作判别的影响,得到判别温度区和时间常数范围。     

车用柴油机氧化催化转化器的试验研究

对车用柴油机氧化催化转化器进行了发动机台架试验研究。结果表明,加装氧化催化转化器后,柴油机烟度、CO,HC和PM排放显著降低,对其动力性能、经济性能和NOx排放影响则很小。分别燃用含硫体积分数不大于500×10-6和350×10-6两种柴油的结果表明,燃油硫含量对氧化催化转化器的性能有一定的影响。     

一种多元催化系统对柴油机排气净化研究

对使用低温等离子体(NTP)辅助催化型颗粒物捕集器(CDPF)的多元催化净化系统对柴油机尾气污染物的净化作用进行了试验研究。结果表明,NTP可有效去除柴油机PM,最高净化效率可达67%,且受柴油机运行工况影响较小,但受能流密度影响较大,且NOx的浓度均有不同程度的增加;使用NTP/CDPF多元催化净化系统,两种净化措施能形成优势互补,对柴油机尾气中NOx、PM等污染物有良好催化净化性能,去除效率分别达82%、31%。     

一种新型DPF-SCR柴油机后处理技术

以柴油机尾气中NOx和碳烟颗粒(PM)两种主要污染物的后处理技术为重点研究对象,针对近年来正在应用及研究的柴油机的NOx和碳烟颗粒(PM)排放后处理控制技术,重点介绍了Nissan Diesel公司新近研制的一种新型的尿素选择性催化还原(SCR)柴油机微粒过滤系统的工作原理及特点,详细叙述了该系统通过改善催化剂材料、提...     

DOC辅助DPF再生的二次污染研究

在氧化型催化转换器(DOC)前端的排气管中喷入柴油,通过提高柴油机尾气温度、燃烧并去除柴油机微粒捕集器(DPF)中的PM,实现了DPF再生。对整个再生过程中尾气成分进行分析和计算,发现碳氢化合物(HC)为主要二次污染物,且排放相对较大。通过试验方法,分别研究喷油流量和喷油时DOC前端排气温度对再生过程中HC排放的影响,并依此提出保温处理、分阶段喷油和低速再生等三项优化措施。优化后再生过程中HC排放降低了68%,且燃油经济性提高了21%。     

Computational study on the effects of volume ratio of DOC/DPF and catalyst loading on the PM and NOx emission control for heavy-duty diesel engines

The use of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in a diesel aftertreatment system has proven to be an effective and efficient method for removing particulate matter (PM) in order to meet more stringent emission regulations without hurting engine performance. One of the favorable PM regeneration technologies is the NO₂-assisted regeneration method due to the capability of continuous regeneration of PM under a much lower temperature than that of thermal regeneration. In the present study, the thermal behavior of the monolith during regeneration and the conversion efficiency of NO₂ from NO with an integrated exhaust system of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and DPF have been predicted by one-channel numerical simulation. The simulation results of the DOC, DPF, and integrated DOC-DPF models are compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the present model for the integrated DOC and DPF modeling. The effects of catalyst loading inside the DOC and the volume ratio between the DOC and DPF on the pressure drop, the conversion efficiency, and the oxidation rate of PM, have been numerically investigated. The results indicate that the case of the volume ratio of ‘DOC/DPF=1.5’ within the same diameter of both monoliths produced close to the maximum conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM. Under the engine operating condition of 175 kW at 2200 rpm, 100% load with a displacement of 8.1, approximately 55 g/ft³ of catalyst (Pt) loading inside the DOC with the active Pt surface of 5.3 m²/g_pt was enough to maximize the conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM.     

Comparison of fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions between the aged and new DPF systems of Euro 5 diesel passenger car

This study was conducted to examine the impact of aged and new DPF systems of the Euro 5 diesel passenger car on fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions. Test diesel vehicle used in this study was equipped with diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) as aftertreatment systems, and satisfied the Euro-5 emissions standard. The displacement volume of engine was 1.6 L and the cumulative mileage was 167,068 km before the test. The FTP-75 test procedure was used, and the time resolved and weight based exhaust emissions of total hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were measured. The results show that the vehicle with the new DPF system has lower emissions of THC, CO and NOx than the aged one, and fuel efficiency also increased about 5 percent. The aged DPF system had higher backpressure due to the particulate matter (mostly in the form of ash) accumulated in the DPF. As was shown in the analysis using X-CT (X-ray computer tomography), the aged DPF system had particulate matter (PM) accumulated to a length of 46.6 mm. In addition, a component analysis of PM through XRF (X-ray fluorescence) analysis found that 50 % or more of the components consisted of the P, S, Ca, and Zn.     

Estimation of soot oxidation rate in DPF under carbon and non-carbon based particulate matter accumulated condition

By high particulate matter(PM) reduction performance, diesel particulate filter(DPF) is applied to almost all of modern HSDI diesel engine. PM emitted from diesel engine is consist of carbon based and non-carbon based material. Representative carbon based PM is soot. Non-carbon based PM is produced by wear of engine and exhaust component, combustion of lubrication oil and sulphur in fuel. Accumulation of non-carbon based PM affects pressure difference of DPF and thus accuracy of soot mass estimation in DPF can be lowered during normal and regeneration condition when the pressure difference caused by non-carbon based PM is not recognized correctly. Also unevenly accumulated PM inside of DPF can produce locally different exhaust gas temperature and thus it can lower accuracy of soot mass estimation during regeneration. This study focuses on estimation of soot oxidation rate not by conventional pressure difference but by exhaust gas analysis at up and downstream of DPF. Results, strong correlations between CO₂ -fuel mass ratio and soot oxidation was observed.     

Morphology and oxidation kinetics of CI engine’s biodiesel particulate matters on cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters using TGA

The impact of small compression ignition (CI) engine operation conditions and fuel properties on diesel and biodiesel particulate matters (PMs) quantity using opacity smoke meter is investigated. The biodiesel engine’s PMs are around a half of diesel engine PMs under the same engine operation conditions. Morphology of both engine’s PMs are also studied using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and image processing method. The average primary nanoparticle sizes of diesel and biodiesel engine’s PMs are approximately 34 nm and 32 nm, respectively. The result shows that engine operation condition and fuel property are strongly impact on the quantity and size distribution of primary nanoparticles emission. PM oxidation kinetics on conventional cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) powders by Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) is also successfully studied. The calculated apparent activation energies of biodiesel engine’s PM oxidation on conventional cordierite DPFs powders are lower than that of diesel engine’s PM and carbon black because of unburned oxygenated molecule. The calculated apparent activation energy of biodiesel engine’s PM and diesel engine’s PM oxidize on conventional cordierite DPFs powders with pure air are in the range of 109 ~ 131 kJ/mole and 117 ~ 130 kJ/mole, respectively. It might be expected that smaller primary nanoparticle size of biodiesel engine’s PMs and bio-oxygenate unburned hydrocarbon can promote more PM oxidation rate during vehicle’s DPF regeneration process.