DOC辅助DPF再生的二次污染研究

在氧化型催化转换器(DOC)前端的排气管中喷入柴油,通过提高柴油机尾气温度、燃烧并去除柴油机微粒捕集器(DPF)中的PM,实现了DPF再生。对整个再生过程中尾气成分进行分析和计算,发现碳氢化合物(HC)为主要二次污染物,且排放相对较大。通过试验方法,分别研究喷油流量和喷油时DOC前端排气温度对再生过程中HC排放的影响,并依此提出保温处理、分阶段喷油和低速再生等三项优化措施。优化后再生过程中HC排放降低了68%,且燃油经济性提高了21%。     

FBC对柴油机颗粒捕集器性能的影响

为了研究燃油添加型催化剂（FBC）对柴油机颗粒捕集器性能的影响，分别使用了不添加和添加FBC的燃油对两套柴油机颗粒捕集器（DPF）进行性能及耐久试验。结果表明：FBC不会影响DPF对颗粒物质量及数量的过滤效率；FBC可以有效协助碳烟燃烧，将DPF平衡点温度从350℃降低到325℃，提高DPF的被动再生能力；FBC可以降低DPF的主动再生温度，将DPF上碳烟的起燃温度由600℃降低到450℃以下，提高DPF再生速率及再生效率，从而提升DPF的主动再生性能；FBC可延长DPF的再生周期，提高DOC+DPF系统的耐久性。     

柴油机氧化催化器喷油助燃特性研究

基于发动机台架开展了柴油机氧化催化转化器(DOC)喷油助燃特性试验,研究分析了尾管喷油时DOC温升及对尾气后处理系统排放特性的影响.研究结果表明:尾管喷油能够使DOC在100 s内迅速升温,温升幅度随转速的升高而降低,并且来流温度越高、转速越高,温升速度就越快.为保证柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)前有足够高的温度,应对排气温度、空速、喷油脉宽进行合理的控制.在柴油喷射前,总碳氢(THC)排放浓度均接近零,在柴油喷射的瞬间,THC浓度飙升,高排气温度、低空速、小喷油量有利于控制碳氢泄漏,同时柴油喷射会降低NO2产率.     

采用缸内后喷和排气管喷油的DOC辅助DPF再生技术的研究

为克服传统喷油助燃再生方式存在的火焰难以形成、点火容易丢失和引起二次污染等问题,采用了缸内后喷与排气管喷油相结合的微粒捕集器(DPF)再生系统。利用台架试验研究了缸内后喷对发动机性能的影响。为满足氧化催化器(DOC)工作温度需求,在发动机排气温度250~350℃范围内的工况进行试验,得到不同工况下的最佳缸内后喷时刻、喷油量和排气管喷油量,并绘制了相应的MAP图。     

柴油机微粒捕集器被动再生平衡研究

建立了柴油机微粒捕集器（DPF）的三维仿真模型,并验证了模型的准确性。模拟计算了DPF连续被动再生过程中 m （NO2）/m （Soot ）比例、排气温度及450℃时 O2浓度对再生平衡的影响。结果表明：排气中m（NO2）/m（Soot）比例为5时再生达到平衡,比例越高越有利于去除微粒物;排气温度越高参与再生反应的O2越多,越有利于DPF再生达到平衡;排气温度为450℃及O2浓度为5％时达到平衡,其浓度越高则再生速率越高。     

排气管喷油再生的DOC辅助DPF系统起喷温度的试验研究

通过发动机台架试验,在固定发动机排气流量的条件下,试验研究了不同柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)前温度、排气尾管燃油喷射速率、贵金属(PGM)涂层含量时,DOC的碳氢化合物(HC)转化性能;得出DOC性能的变化规律、起喷温度的标定方法、PGM涂层含量对DOC催化器的影响规律。试验结果表明:随着DOC前温度的升高,DOC的HC转化能力增强,碳氢泄漏现象减弱。可通过标定达到柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)目标再生温度所需的DOC前温度(起喷温度)随喷油速率的脉谱图确定尾管喷射再生系统的起喷温度。随着喷油速率的增大,起喷温度先逐渐降低,然后缓慢上升。PGM涂层含量增大,DOC的HC转化能力增强,达到DPF目标再生温度所需要的起喷温度减小。PGM涂层含量为A和Bg/L时,达到目标温度所需的最低起喷温度为240~244℃。     

柴油机DOC辅助DPF再生燃油喷射规律的优化

为了有效降低柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)再生过程产生的二次污染物,优化了催化氧化反应器(DOC)辅助DPF再生的燃油喷射规律。采用AMESim建立了DOC和DPF模型,在Simulink中建立了发动机排放和DPF再生控制模型,将两个软件耦合搭建联合仿真平台。对模型进行了验证,提出了先缓后急的燃油喷射规律。结果表明:660是较为理想的DPF再生温度,优化后的燃油喷射规律能够大幅降低DPF再生的二次污染。     

柴油车排气后处理装置性能试验研究

对氧化催化转化器(DOC)和柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)进行了性能试验研究.分析了DOC对柴油车排放的影响规律;对DPF的压降特性和过滤性能进行了试验.最后还讨论了DPF再生过程中的安全问题.     

基于模型的国Ⅵ重型柴油机DOC辅助DPF系统控制策略研究

由于国Ⅵ排放法规的加严,本文研究了氧化催化器(DOC)辅助微粒捕集器(DPF)排放控制策略,并用模型实现仿真测试及试验验证。试验结果表明,本文的DOC辅助DPF系统控制策略估算DPF当前碳载量误差在允许范围内,模型DPF温度曲线与实际传感器温度曲线吻合度良好,能很好地完成再生。     

基于柴油机排气热管理的喷油策略控制试验研究

为有效满足柴油机中低转速、中小负荷工况下颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生时的工作温度需求,利用发动机台架试验研究了中低负荷稳态工况下主喷正时、近后喷及次后喷参数等排气热管理主动控制措施对缸内燃烧过程、排气热状态及排放性能的影响规律。稳态试验结果表明:推迟主喷提前角缩短了滞燃期,燃烧持续期延长,缸内最高燃烧压力及峰值温度下降,瞬时放热率峰值减小且燃烧重心后移,同时燃油消耗率及烟度略有增加,DOC入口温度提升也不明显;引入近后喷使得缸内最高燃烧压力降低,但放热率第二峰值及后燃期有所增加,近后喷油量与主-近后喷间隔角的合理匹配能适当提高DOC入口温度,最高增幅可达19.3%,同时也能有效改善NOx排放和烟度;次后喷油量的增加能显著提升DPF入口温度,最大增幅达70%,但会导致燃油消耗率及HC逃逸量增加。依据样机全工况排温分布状态提出各区域升温喷油控制策略:低负荷区域采用"近后喷+次后喷"的喷油组合,并且采用较大喷油量;中大负荷区域逐渐减少近后喷,直至无近后喷,同时将主喷适当提前。     

一种基于神经网络的氧化催化器出口温度控制方法

氧化催化器(DOC)出口温度控制是实现颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生控制的关键。本文介绍一种基于神经网络的氧化催化器出口温度控制方法,首先结合DOC系统的实际特征以及DOC传热及化学反应特性建立了一阶延迟DOC出口温度模型,然后在温度模型基础上基于神经网络建立了DOC出口温度预测模型,最后将DOC出口温度预测值作为闭环反馈输入建立反馈控制器计算HC喷射量进而控制DOC出口温度。本方法采用整车试验中连续变化工况来验证,试验结果表明DOC出口温度在DPF再生过程中控制在600±20℃范围内,满足DPF精确再生控制要求。     

采用燃烧器+氧化催化器的柴油机微粒捕集器复合再生控制策略的研究

设计了一种车载全流式燃烧器,从增压柴油机的涡轮增压器取出新鲜空气,从回油管路取油供给燃烧;将该装置安装在排气管尾端使捕集器进行再生.在燃烧器和捕集器之间增加氧化催化器,实现了在发动机所有稳态工况下捕集器的复合再生.在排气背压的再生控制策略基础上,根据经验公式对背压值进行温度修正,将三维背压MAP简化为二维,提出"恒温定时"的复合再生控制策略,分析了控制策略在不同工况区域的运用,给出了再生过程分析实例.对既定的控制策略进行了实车试验,结果表明微粒排放达到了国Ⅳ标准.     

柴油车微粒捕集器再生控制系统硬件设计

控制系统在柴油车微粒捕集器再生过程中起着重要作用。采用“燃烧器＋DOC＋添加剂＋DPF”的喷油助燃催化再生技术,设计了基于TMS320F2812单片机的再生控制系统硬件电路,分析了控制系统各硬件组成部分。实践证明,控制系统能够实现DPF可靠再生。     

柴油机颗粒物后处理技术综述

通过调研国内外文献,介绍了柴油机颗粒物污染现状、颗粒物后处理技术、壁流式颗粒捕集器(DPF)的工作原理、材料和结构类型、捕集器再生技术和控制策略等。堇青石陶瓷壁流式DPF具有成本和性能方面的优势,占据主要市场份额,再生技术是DPF应用的关键。与主动再生技术相比,被动再生具有结构简单、节约油耗等优势,可通过涂敷催化剂、前置DOC和辅助主动再生等方法确保再生效果。     

Computational study on the effects of volume ratio of DOC/DPF and catalyst loading on the PM and NOx emission control for heavy-duty diesel engines

The use of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in a diesel aftertreatment system has proven to be an effective and efficient method for removing particulate matter (PM) in order to meet more stringent emission regulations without hurting engine performance. One of the favorable PM regeneration technologies is the NO₂-assisted regeneration method due to the capability of continuous regeneration of PM under a much lower temperature than that of thermal regeneration. In the present study, the thermal behavior of the monolith during regeneration and the conversion efficiency of NO₂ from NO with an integrated exhaust system of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and DPF have been predicted by one-channel numerical simulation. The simulation results of the DOC, DPF, and integrated DOC-DPF models are compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the present model for the integrated DOC and DPF modeling. The effects of catalyst loading inside the DOC and the volume ratio between the DOC and DPF on the pressure drop, the conversion efficiency, and the oxidation rate of PM, have been numerically investigated. The results indicate that the case of the volume ratio of ‘DOC/DPF=1.5’ within the same diameter of both monoliths produced close to the maximum conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM. Under the engine operating condition of 175 kW at 2200 rpm, 100% load with a displacement of 8.1, approximately 55 g/ft³ of catalyst (Pt) loading inside the DOC with the active Pt surface of 5.3 m²/g_pt was enough to maximize the conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM.     

Carbon Deposit Incineration During Engine Flameout Using Non-Thermal Plasma Injection

In order to investigate the influence of initial regeneration temperatures on diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration, an experimental study of DPF regeneration was implemented using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, aided by exhaust waste heat after engine flameout. DPF trapping characteristics and carbon deposit mass were discussed to facilitate further data analysis and calculation. DPF regeneration was then investigated by comparison analysis of deposit removal mass, backpressure drop, and internal temperature change. The results revealed that a large amount of particulate matter (PM) was deposited in DPF with a high filtration efficiency of about 90 %. The deposit removal rate and percentage drop of the backpressure both maximized at the initial temperature of 100 °C. During DPF regeneration, the sharp rise of internal temperature indicated vigorous PM incineration and high CO₂ emission. The results successfully demonstrated DPF regeneration using non-thermal plasma injection during engine flameout, and prominent heat durability was achieved in this method.     

DPF再生中断研究与验证

DPF再生中断是一种异常现象,不及时处理会对车辆正常行驶造成影响。为了减少DPF再生中断发生,本文通过研究和验证增加保温套、增加再生后喷和再生次后喷喷油量等方法来提高DPF入口温度,减少DPF再生中断发生。同时,增设手动再生开关作为DPF再生中断发生后的备用方法,当DPF发生再生中断且碳载量达到警示阈值后驾驶员可以使用手动再生开关来启动DPF手动再生,恢复DPF初始状态,使车辆发生限速限扭事件、DPF堵塞、出现发动机无法启动等极端情况成为小概率事件,保证DPF再生正常进行,车辆正常行驶。     

Estimation of soot oxidation rate in DPF under carbon and non-carbon based particulate matter accumulated condition

By high particulate matter(PM) reduction performance, diesel particulate filter(DPF) is applied to almost all of modern HSDI diesel engine. PM emitted from diesel engine is consist of carbon based and non-carbon based material. Representative carbon based PM is soot. Non-carbon based PM is produced by wear of engine and exhaust component, combustion of lubrication oil and sulphur in fuel. Accumulation of non-carbon based PM affects pressure difference of DPF and thus accuracy of soot mass estimation in DPF can be lowered during normal and regeneration condition when the pressure difference caused by non-carbon based PM is not recognized correctly. Also unevenly accumulated PM inside of DPF can produce locally different exhaust gas temperature and thus it can lower accuracy of soot mass estimation during regeneration. This study focuses on estimation of soot oxidation rate not by conventional pressure difference but by exhaust gas analysis at up and downstream of DPF. Results, strong correlations between CO₂ -fuel mass ratio and soot oxidation was observed.