盘管式蒸发冷却器的传热传质数学建模

国内外学者对蒸发式冷却的热质传递过程进行了大量的研究,但因影响因素较多,数学模型的结果相差迥异,没有形成统一,从而限制了蒸发式冷却器的研发进程。针对上述问题,就盘管式蒸发冷却器做了分析,建立了其传热传质数学模型,通过对模型的整理得出了对盘管式蒸发冷却器的设计、研究及其性能的分析评价有重要意义的四个关系式（冷却器内各温度及含湿量与距离蒸发器顶部的关系）。最后给出了传热传质系数关系式。     

质子交换膜燃料电池水管理研究

水管理是质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）可靠运行的关键，既维持适当的膜的水合程度，又不致水淹电极，是水管理的理想状况．燃料电池作为一个多相、多尺度、多物理场、动态复杂系统，其中的流动、传热、传质、相变、多相流和电化学过程相互影响、相互联系、相互制约．就PEMFC内流体流动，物质的传输，热量生成和传递，水的相变及两相流，电化学反应等方面综述了目前的研究进展，权衡利弊，以期达到最佳的燃料电池电化学性能．     

黄土路基内部水热传输规律分析

分析了路基内部水分存在形式和影响因素,通过建立数学模型对黄土路基内部水热传输规律进行分析。结果表明:路基中的水分从水势高处向水势低处迁移,从湿度高处向湿度低处流动;土体密度越大,水分迁移越困难,初始含水率越大,土体内部的水分容易迁移;路基冬季放热夏季吸热,内部温度保持10℃左右;在温度场影响下,距离路基表层和边坡表面越近,温度梯度越明显。     

隧道高地温的地质成因研究

为研究隧道高地温的地质成因，以云南某在建高速公路隧道——尼格隧道为研究对象，该隧道兼有高水温与高岩温，最高水温达63.4 ℃，最高岩温达88.8 ℃. 从区域地质构造及地震特征、水化学特征、地热储特征等对区域性的热因控制、水源、热源、导热通道等进行了分析，利用氢氧同位素分析法、锶同位素分析法、微量元素分析法、放射性元素分析法等对隧址区的热水来源及演变过程、热源成因进行了研究，并结合隧道工程地质、水文地质条件及开挖揭示状况，对隧道高水温段及高岩温段的地质成因过程进行了剖析. 研究结果表明:灰岩段高水温的成因过程与花岗岩段高岩温有所差异，隧道高水温的成因过程为热源（深部热异常体）—主要传热通道（深循环）—次级传热通道—浅表水体混合、水岩作用，其过程伴随着冷热水混合作用、离子交换作用等；隧道高岩温的成因过程为热源（深部热异常体、放射性元素衰变生热）—主要传热通道（深循环）—次级传热通道—热气沿裂隙传至隧道岩体，其过程伴随着S元素的富集，易形成H₂S或SO₂有毒有害气囊.      

Development and application of thermal mathematical model of iron ore pellet bed in grate

Based on the analysis of heat transfer mechanics, physical and chemical change of pellet drying and preheating process in grate, the mathematical model is established and solved by three-diagonal matrix algorithm. With Visual Basic 6.0 a simulation software is developed. The model is verified by measurements at a domestic pellet plant, and the temperature distribution of pellet bed is gained. Meanwhile, the influence of different operation parameters on the pellet thermal process is studied. The results can be taken as a basis of practical production control and the grate optimizing design.     

舰船发动机排气管内顺流喷雾降温的CFD分析

发动机排气管废气出口温度过高是影响舰船红外隐身性能的重要因素之一.在排气管内喷雾能有效降低废气出口温度.针对排气管内顺流喷雾时的气液两相湍流流动与热质传递,用Euler-Lagrange方法建立了数理计算模型,用CFD计算软件进行了数值模拟.考察了水雾出口温度、水流量、水雾喷射夹角及雾滴初始粒径对喷雾降温效果的影响.结果表明:排气管内顺流喷雾时,废气出口温度大幅降低,呈倒钟形分布;废气出口温度的大小和分布与水流量、水雾喷射夹角及雾滴初始粒径息息相关;水流量越大、雾滴初始粒径越小,则废气出口温度越低,废气出口温度与水流量的大小基本呈线性关系;雾滴初始粒径越小、水雾喷射夹角越大,则废气出口温度分布越均匀;而废气出口温度的大小与分布对水雾出口温度的变化并不敏感.     

PRETTA:A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR PWR PRESSURIZER’S TRANSIENT THERMODYNAMICS

Introduction　　 For a safe reator operation in PWR,the pre-diction of the pressure during various transients isessential.For this purpose,the pressure predic-tions made by the computer codes based on theequilibrium pressurizer models developed in theearly 1 96 0 ' s are not always satisfactory. TheThree Mile Island(TMI) accident has resulted inan increased emphasis on the capability of simulat-ing system transients with greater accuracy[1] . Fora pressurized waterreactor,the accurate pred…     

Coupled heat and mass transfer analysis of NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O falling film absorption on inner tube surface with low solution flow rates

NH₃-H₂O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature（concentration） difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH₃-H₂O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.     

沥青路面温差发电系统设计分析与试验研究

针对沥青路面集热研究现状,设计了一种利用导热铝片取代水流管网作为载热体的沥青路面温差发电系统,通过构建沥青路面集热数学模型、导热铝片传热数学模型和半导体温差发电数学模型等动态仿真模型,对系统进行理论分析和试验研究,结果表明采用导热铝片作为载热体可以增强沥青混凝土内的热量转移,从而降低路面的温度梯度,减少路面的热应力,同时温差发电模块可将路面热量转化为电能输出,作为城市市政工程用电的补充.     

加金属丝水平单圆管蓄冰数值模拟

盘管式蓄冰传热瓶颈出现在冰层处,考虑在管外加入一些金属丝来促进管外换热从而提高蓄冰效率.为了描述管外扩展表面给结冰过程带来的影响,把管外金属丝和水的混合区域考虑为多孔介质区域,建立了合理的数学物理模型,进行了理论计算,并采用了密度随温度接近抛物线变化来研究水的自然对流对结冰过程的影响.通过计算,发现自然对流对温度分布的...     

地铁车空调风道挡板对车厢内温度均匀性的影响

以某地铁中车为研究对象,采用标准的κ-ε湍流模型对空调风道及车厢内部三维空间区域定员230人工况下的空气流动和传热状况进行了数值分析,并对空调通风设计方案做量化评估,计算中综合考虑了车体壁面传热、人体散热等多种传热过程.由计算结果可知,风道第8个出风口有空气逆流现象且车厢内部温度分布不均匀.针对上述缺点,对第8个出风口周围挡板相对位置及数量进行调整.新方案消除了风道出风口逆流现象,车厢内人体舒适区的温度分布均匀性得到改善,温差由原方案的4℃降为2.5℃.     

地铁车空调风道及车室内气流组织数值仿真

以某厂地铁车厢头车为研究对象,结合计算流体力学软件——FLUENT对空调风道及车厢内部三维空间区域的空气流动和传热状况进行了数值分析,根据欧洲标准EN14750-1对空调通风设计方案进行了评估,计算中综合考虑了车体壁面传热、人体散热等多种传热过程.计算结果表明将空调机组下方的八个风道出风口去掉,地铁风道的出风口均匀性得到了有效地改善,风道出风口的平均速度最大差值由2.92 m/s变为2.23 m/s;条缝型送风口能够提供较好的空气品质;在车厢内定员226人的情况下,地铁车厢头车的空调通风系统满足了乘客热舒适性的要求.研究结果为地铁空调列车通风系统的合理设计提供了参考依据.     

氧和水蒸气浓度及升温速率对生物质燃烧的影响

采用热重实验法,实验研究了升温速率、氧浓度和水分浓度对生物质燃烧的影响．研究结果表明,升温速率过大时会发生热滞后现象,着火倾向发生在颗粒表面,对燃烧特征温度、失重速率和剩余质量百分数均有影响;当氧浓度较大时,氧向固体层的质量传递作用加强,使得挥发分与固体层同时发生燃烧,燃烧速率明显增大而燃烬温度降低;水分浓度影响了生物质的燃烧,湿空气燃烧不稳定的原因是水分的凝结与蒸发,湿空气燃烧会造成炉膛热负荷波动．     

秦岭特长隧道内温度预测

通过对隧道及岩体中热传递的分析，应用传热学的基本理论和公式，推导出岩体和隧道的热移动模型基本方程式，并用它对秦岭特长隧道运营期间的温度进行了预测，其结果可为特长隧道的通风设计提供一些依据。     

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of NH_3-H_2O Falling Film Absorption on Inner Tube Surface with Low Solution Flow Rates

NH_3-H_2O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature(concentration) difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH_3-H_2O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.     

主机缸套冷却水出口温度控制方法

利用传热学理论，对船舶主柴油机缸套冷却水系统的传热机理进行了分析，给出了其动态热力数学模型。针对其惯性较大，缸套冷却水出口温度经常超调的特点，提出了在现有的传统PID反馈控制的基础上，引入以船舶主柴油机输出“功率”作为反映缸套冷却水热负荷扰动信号的前馈控制，以减小缸套冷却水出口温度的动态偏差，并利用Matlab仿真进行了验证。仿真结果表明，这种控制方法比传统的控制方法具有更好的控制性能。     

Simulation of Temperature Field in Original Segment of Concrete Box-Girder Bridge

Temperature field and its variation with time are necessary for analyzing the thermo-mechanical performance of mass concrete structures at their early ages. This paper carries out a temperature field simulation analysis for an original segment of a real box girder bridge with the finite element software ANSYS. Two representative exothermic rate models are used to describe the heat-releasing process caused by the cement hydration in concrete. The exothermic rate model that conforms to reality more closely is recognized by comparing the simulation results with the data gathered from the optical fiber temperature sensors pre-embedded in the original segment. The air temperature and wind velocity that constitute thermal boundary conditions are determined in the light of the local meteorological department and correlative research achievements of recent years. Moreover, the consideration for the steel formwork acting as a barrier to heat loss is also proved to be beneficial to improve the simulation effect.     

涡强化扁管管片式散热器中流动与换热的数值模拟

以空气为介质,在Re=500～2 100的范围通过数值模拟的方法对涡强化扁管管片散热器中涡产生器形成的涡的相互干涉及其对散热器流动与换热性能的影响进行了研究分析.说明了当涡产生器呈线性布置而涡产生器的数量发生变化时对横截面上平均Nu数和涡旋强度Γ的影响,并对在本文所采用的模型参数下加装涡产生器的最佳数量进行了探讨.     

基于理论的船舶主机冷却水控制系统的设计

摘要本文对船舶主柴油机缸套冷却水系统的传热机理进行了分析,建立了船舶主柴油机缸套冷却水系统的动态热力数学模型。由于系统的参数具有不确定性,并针对目前船舶主柴油机缸套冷却水系统惯性较大,缸套冷却水出口温度经常超调的特点,设计了该系统的H∞控制器。通过仿真发现所设计的H∞控制器能有效地提高系统的动态精确度和抑制扰动的能力。