一种基于摄像机标定的车辆视频测速方法

以Tsai两步法为摄像机标定原理,提出了一种车辆速度视频测量方法,并对摄像机标定误差和车速检测误差进行了分析。首先利用Tsai两步法得到摄像机的内部和外部参数,然后将图像空间提取出的运动车辆特征点位移转换到世界坐标系,最后利用帧差时间求得车辆的瞬时速度。实验结果表明,基于摄像机标定的车辆速度视频测量方法,具有简单实用、鲁棒性强、精确度高等优点,满足车辆视频测速系统的要求。     

一种基手双目线结构光视觉系统的简单标定方法

提出了一种基于双目线结构光主动三角法的视觉系统的简单标定方法．该视觉系统采用线结构光原理,使用双目摄像机避免了常用的单摄像机系统中容易出现的遮挡等问题．该系统的标定综合了线结构光传感器模型以及双目立体视觉模型,推导了各个标定坐标系之间的联系,依据蔡氏两步法,使用方格靶标和最小二乘法求得各种标定参数．实验结果表明,该标定方法操作简单、实用可行．     

交通事故摄影测量中相机标定的扩展两步法

为了利用摄影测量技术提高交通事故数据采集的效率,分析了交通事故与相机标定方法的特点,提出了交通事故现场摄影测量的扩展两步相机标定方法。在扩展两步标定方法中,首先对相机进行线性标定,然后进行非线性修正,最后进行图像校正,并提出了完整的标定步骤和程序,进行了相机标定实验。扩展方法标定的结果与线性标定结果相比,最大绝对误差和相对误差分别为10.9和1.7%,最小绝对误差和相对误差分别为4.1和1.0%,表明扩展两步相机标定方法能够显著提高相机标定精度,抗噪性能稳定。     

基于时空模型的交通流故障数据修正方法

为了提高交通流数据的准确性,从时间相关性、空间相关性和历史相关性三方面分析了交通流大数据的特点,建立了基础交通流时空模型。为保证数据处理的精度和速度,进行了时空模型的简化和标定。将时空模型简化,抽象为双层规划模型,上层模型通过控制时空相关参数的数量实现运算速度的优化,下层模型通过控制误差实现计算精度的优化。应用数据驱动法进行双层规划模型的求解,完成时空模型的标定。在时空模型的基础上,提出了交通流故障数据修正方法。以北京市某路段为例,对交通流故障数据修正方法进行有效性和可行性验证。验证结果表明:基于历史趋势、空间相关与时间序列的交通流故障数据修正方法的精度分别为79.65%、85.16%、89.84%,基于时空模型的交通流故障数据修正方法的精度为90.91%,具有较高的精度,而且可准确描述交通流大数据的特点。     

基于遗传算法的多关节扫描仪参数标定

对多关节机械臂式三维坐标采集系统中使用的空间坐标模型和参数标定方法进行了研究，建立了多关节机械臂式三维坐标测量机构的坐标模型，讨论了模型中各系统参数的标定问题，在研究基于最小二乘法的标定方法之后提出了一种基于遗传算法的标定方法，它具有定标点数不受限制，精度高等优点，实验结果证明这种标定方法有较好的实用性和鲁棒性。     

基于贝叶斯决策的航空影像自动配准

为消除像点投影差对航空影像目标监测中影像配准的影响,提出了一种基于贝叶斯决策理论的像点投影差消除方法.该方法通过推导分析像点投影差的分布规律及其对影像配准的影响,设置训练样本区,提取大量特征匹配对,计算得到投影差分布参数,并基于贝叶斯决策理论构建了像点投影差消除准则.为验证其有效性,选用KIT AIS影像数据进行了实验,比较分析了投影差消除前后的配准影像结果.分析结果显示,消除后差分视觉效果得到改善,信息熵减小10%,表明本文方法可有效提高航空影像配准的精度.      

基于简化摄像机自定标模型下的三维重建方法

提出一种基于简化摄像机自定标模型下的三维重建方法，在假定摄像机主点位置已知的条件下，采用射影几何中的Kruppa方程计算内部参数的初始值，并利用未定标图像之间的对极几何关系得出一个关于内部参数的非线性最优化方程，进而求出运动参数，从而实现未定标系统下的三维重建，实验证明本方法在很大程度上减小了运算量，并可以得出较为鲁棒的参数估计，提高了三维重建的精度。     

城市主干路路段行程时间估计的BPR修正模型

为提高城市主干路交通流平均行程时间的估计精度,根据路段上游检测器采集的截面流量,建立了3种BPR(bureau of public roads)修正模型,包括全状态累积流量BPR修正模型、分状态标定的BPR模型和分状态累积流量BPR修正模型.仿真结果表明:全状态累积流量BPR修正模型明显优于传统的BPR模型;分状态标定的BPR模型和分状态累积流量BPR修正模型可以进一步提高估计精度,且后者可将阻滞交通状态下的平均估计误差降低至8.05%.     

基于参数修正灰色模型的时延估计

针对网络时延的估计问题,提出了基于参数修正灰色模型的时延预测方法.首先,建立传统灰色时延预测模型,将网络时延看成是一个非平稳的随机时间序列;通过传统灰色预测方法对参数α和u进行计算,并依据修正方法在线调整两个模型参数,进而通过修正处理的参数重新建立灰色预测模型,来提高时延的预测精度.仿真结果表明了该算法具有很好的预测精度和实时性.     

提高经济型数控车床加工精度的方法

针对经济型数控车床位置精度问题,提出了编程法、参数修正输入、机构调整、采用误差修正软件、合理调配工艺流程等误差补偿修正方法,使数控车床位置精度得到了有效控制,达到了提高经济数控车床加工精度的目的。     

Camera calibration with 1D rotating objects

In this paper, we use 1D rotating objects to calibrate camera. The calibration object has three collinear points. It is not necessary for the object to rotate around one of its endpoints as before; instead, it rotates around the middle point in a plane. In this instance, we can use two calibration constraints to compute the intrinsic parameters of a camera. In addition, when the 1D object moves in a plane randomly, the proposed technique remains valid to compute the intrinsic parameters of a camera. Experiments with simulated data as well as with real images show that our technique is accurate and robust.     

Geometric calibration algorithm of polarization camera using planar patterns

Polarization pattern provides additional information besides spectral signatures. It can be used in many applications, such as navigation, defect detection and object identification. A novel polarization camera composed of four synchronized cameras is proposed, and it can realize real-time polarization measurement. This study particularly concentrates on the geometric calibration of the system. The projection model is analyzed and the multi-camera calibration algorithm is proposed. Firstly, each camera is calibrated separately using planar patterns, and then the geometric calibration algorithms are performed. Due to the geometrical constraint, a global optimization method results in smaller estimation uncertainties. A mean rotation error of 0.025° and a mean translation error of 0.26mm are achieved after geometric calibration. The images are rectified to establish a correspondence among cameras and are combined to acquire the polarization measurement. The polarization pattern of the skylight is measured by the system and the results are consistent with the previous studies.     

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微观交通仿真模型在交通系统管理、控制和优化中得到了广泛的应用. 然而微观交通仿真模型参数标定是一项复杂且系统的工作,特别是对于较复杂网络,其参数标定耗时长,且不容易找到最优解. 本文选取了应用较为广泛的VISSIM仿真模型作为基础平台,针对遗传算法（GA）的不足,建立了基于同步扰动随机逼近（SPSA）算法的微观仿真模型参数标定方法,并实现了程序的自动化标定;最后将该方法应用于北京市快速路仿真模型的驾驶员行为参数标定中,以速度的相对误差平方和作为收敛函数,通过对比GA算法,SPSA算法收敛速度快1.7倍,且在标定后的流量检验中相对误差的平方和小0.16,验证了SPSA算法在VISSIM参数标定上的优越性.     

SPSA算法在微观交通仿真模型VISSIM参数标定中的应用

微观交通仿真模型在交通系统管理、控制和优化中得到了广泛的应用. 然而微观交通仿真模型参数标定是一项复杂且系统的工作,特别是对于较复杂网络,其参数标定耗时长,且不容易找到最优解. 本文选取了应用较为广泛的VISSIM仿真模型作为基础平台,针对遗传算法（GA）的不足,建立了基于同步扰动随机逼近（SPSA）算法的微观仿真模型参数标定方法,并实现了程序的自动化标定;最后将该方法应用于北京市快速路仿真模型的驾驶员行为参数标定中,以速度的相对误差平方和作为收敛函数,通过对比GA算法,SPSA算法收敛速度快1.7倍,且在标定后的流量检验中相对误差的平方和小0.16,验证了SPSA算法在VISSIM参数标定上的优越性.     

Calibration for 3D Structured Light Measurement

A calibration procedure was developed for three-dimensional(3D) binocular structured light measurement systems. In virtue of a specially designed pattern, matching points in stereo images are extracted. And then sufficient 3D space points are obtained through pairs of images with the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of each camera estimated prior and consequently some lights are calibrated by means of multi point fitting. Finally, a mathematical model is applied to interpolate and approximate all dynamic scanning lights based on geometry. The process of calibration method is successfully used in the binocular 3D measurement system based on structured lights and the 3D reconstruction results are satisfying.     

Analysis of the pencil of conics with double complex contact and its application to camera calibration

In this paper,we introduce a novel class of coplanar conies,the pencil of which can doubly contact to calibrate camera and estimate pose.We first analyze the properties of con-axes and con-eccentricity ellipses, which consist of a natural extending pattern of concentric circles.Then the general case that two ellipses have two repeated complex intersection points is presented.This degenerate configuration results in a one-parameter family of homographies which map the planar pattern to its image.Although it is unable to compute the complete homography,an indirect 3-degree polynomial or 5-degree polynomial constraint on intrinsic parameters from one image can also be used for camera calibration and pose estimation under the minimal conditions.Furthermore, this nonlinear problem can be treated as a polynomial optimization problem(POP) and the global optimization solution can be also obtained by using SparsePOP(a sparse semidefinite programming relaxation of POPs). Finally,the experiments with simulated data and real images are shown to verify the correctness and robustness of the proposed technique.     

Model-based gait representation via spatial point reconstruction

This paper proposed a novel model-based feature representation method to characterize human walking properties for individual recognition by gait. First, a new spatial point reconstruction approach is proposed to recover the coordinates of 3D points from 2D images by the related coordinate conversion factor (CCF). The images are captured by a monocular camera. Second, the human body is represented by a connected three-stick model. Then the parameters of the body model are recovered by the method of projective geometry using the related CCF. Finally, the gait feature composed of those parameters is defined, and it is proved by experiments that those features can partially avoid the influence of viewing angles between the optical axis of the camera and walking direction of the subject. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60675024)     

基于平板标定工具的机器人工具中心点标定方法

为在工业现场便捷、准确地获取工具中心点（tool center point，TCP）参数，降低机器人末端工具的定位误差，提出了一种基于平板标定工具的机器人TCP标定方法. 利用机器人TCP与平板多次触碰所形成的空间触点应共面的约束条件，建立了机器人TCP参数标定模型；针对TCP名义参数未知和已知的情况，分别提出了基于粒子群算法的TCP直接求解和线性化的偏差求解算法. 通过数值仿真和标定试验验证所提出方法的可行性和准确性，结果表明:TCP直接求解和偏差求解算法求解的结果与传统四点标定法相比，误差分别在0.5 mm和1.0 mm以内.