污水回用深度处理中有机物对反渗透膜污染研究

应用牛血清蛋白（BSA）和海藻酸钠代表反渗透进水中的蛋白质和多糖,采用带有交互作用的正交试验分析污染因素的影响,使用环境扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对污染后的膜面进行监测．实验表明,海藻酸钠对膜污染的影响高于BSA的影响,BSA与海藻酸钠共同存在时会产生明显的交互作用,增大了有机物污染．溶液中Ca＾2＋会结合羧基官能团,以架桥作用连接有机物,能够显著影响有机物污染,Mg2＋对有机物污染的影响次之,离子强度会改变有机物的带电性,从而影响了有机物的污染．监测结果表明,有机物可在反渗透膜面形成厚密的凝胶层,引起严重的膜污染．     

基于成本效益的三种公路拥挤管理方案比较研究

近年来针对高速公路拥挤问题出现了一些新颖的交通需求管理方案,如高承载率车辆专用车道、高承载率收费道路和＂公平＂道路等。为评价、比较这些方案的实施效果,作者首先定性地比较了三种方案的系统特征,然后在同一实验网络上对方案的成本效益进行了分析。此外,考虑到交通需求总量、高峰持续时间和平均出行距离的变动,对三种方案效果进行了灵敏度分析。研究结论表明：三种收费方案相对不采取任何交通管理措施均有改善,其中高承载率收费道路和＂公平＂道路方案效益更加明显,经济可行性更好;在方案的灵敏度分析中,交通需求量对三种方案的＂效益成本比＂影响最大。基于方案灵敏度分析得出高速公路交通拥挤程度越严重,＂公平＂道路方案的效益成本比越高,并且,该方案利用信用补贴机制兼顾了社会公平性问题,有助于提高该方案的社会接受程度。     

重症脑出血早期肠外营养的前瞻性病例对照研究

采用前瞻性病例对照的方法 ,对 38例重症脑出血患者早期肠外营养支持的作用与价值进行研究。研究组与对照组各 19例。研究组在常规治疗的基础上 ,早期使用肠外营养 (Parenteral nutrition,PN)的方法进行营养支持 ,连续使用 7d。而对照组在常规治疗的基础上 ,仅用葡萄糖、胰岛素和适量的电解质。两组同时监测血清白蛋白、血清转铁蛋白、氮平衡 ,使用 APACHE 评分系统进行病情危重程度的评估。结果发现两组的各项指标均有显著性差异。同时记录两组治疗 10日内的死亡数、并发感染数以及褥疮发生数。发现研究组的病死数、感染与褥疮发生数明显少于对照组。因此认为对重症脑出血患者进行早期肠外营养支持 ,不但能改善患者的应激性营养代谢紊乱 ,而且能提高临床疗效 ,减少并发症。     

Analysis and determination of diterpenoids in unprocessed and processed Euphorbia lathyris seeds by HPLC-ESI-MS

Euphorbia lathyris （Caper spurge） is a toxic and potent Chinese materia medica （T/PCMM）. This study sought a method for identifying five diterpenoids （Euphorbia factors LI-L3, L7a, and Ls） with the spectra of UV and mass, quantifying three diterpenoids L1, L2, and L8 in crude extracts of unprocessed and processed E. lathyris seeds by liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS）. The analysis was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column （4.6 mm× 150mm i.d., 5 μm） with an isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min at column temperature of 30 ℃ and UV detection was set at 272 nm. An ESI source was used with a positive ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear in the ranges of 9.9-79 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor Lb 3.8-30.5μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L2, and 1.0-20.6 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor LB. The average recoveries （n=6） of three diterpenoids were 98.39%, 91.10% and 96.94%, respectively, with RSD of 2.5%, 2.4% and 2.1%, respectively. The contents of the three diterpenoids in processed E. lathyris seeds were 3.435, 1.367 and 0.286 mg/g, respectively, which decreased more sharply than those in unprocessed E. lathyris seeds which were 4.915, 1.944 and 0.425 mg/g, respectively. The method is simple, accurate, reliable and reproducible, and it can be applied to control the quality of unprocessed and processed E. lathyris seeds.     

A rapid method for the determination of dopamine in porcine muscle by pre-column derivatization and HPLC with fluorescence detection

A rapid method has been developed based on the sample preparation procedure named as QuEChERS （Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe）, combined with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector and C18 column after precolumn derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol to determine dopamine in porcine muscle. Methanol and deionized water （0.1% acetic acid, v/v） with a ratio of 60：40 was used as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min and dopamine was eluted within 15 min. The linearity range was 0.003-8 μg/mL with r=0.9992. The detection limit for dopamine was 4 μg/kg and the quantification limit was 9 μg/kg. Recovery studies were carried out at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg fortification levels and the average recoveries obtained ranged from 90.4% to 98.2% with relative standard deviations between 3.5% and 8.1%. The method was found to be suitable for detection of dopamine in animal product tissues at the maximum residue level.     

Preliminary characteristic of alginate,heparin-chitosan-alginate,heparin microencapsulated hepatocytes system

Alginate, low mole mass heparin-chitosan-alginate, low mole mass heparin microcapsules (ALCAL) with good mechanical stability were made from the high voltage pulsing microcapsule shaping device. ALCAL was made of low-mole-mass heparin (LMWH), alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CS) by supramolecular layer upon layer self-assembled technique. It was found from the microscopic observation that the microcapsules had smooth surface and a porous structure with interconnected pores. The results of the permeability experiment of microcapsules using fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-immunoglobulin G (FITC-IgG) showed that the ALCAL membrane could provide cell immuno-isolation; meanwhile, the ALCAL membrane had good biocompatibility. The potential of ALCAL microcapsules for the encapsulation of liver cells had been investigated and showed that the ALCAL membrane supports the survival, proliferation and protein secretion on encapsulating hepatocytes. The ALCAL microcapsule had several advantages compared to more widely used alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) microcapsules for the application of cell therapy.     

特发性膜性肾病患者尿中足细胞与蛋白尿的相关性分析

目的探讨特发性膜性肾病患者尿足细胞与尿蛋白之间的关系。方法选取40例特发性膜性肾病患者及30例健康人,采用独立样本t检验法比较试验组与健康对照组尿中足细胞的数、收缩压、舒张压、血清白蛋白、24 h尿蛋白量,并将试验组各项指标与尿足细胞作相关性分析,寻找与尿足细胞相关的因素。结果实验组患者尿足细胞数、尿蛋白水平明显高于健康对照组。Pearson相关分析显示试验组患者尿足细胞数与24 h尿蛋白量呈负相关,而与血压、血清白蛋白等指标无相关性。直线回归分析显示尿足细胞数和24 h尿蛋白量呈直线关系。结论特发性膜性肾病患者尿足细胞数较正常人升高,尿足细胞与24h尿蛋白量有一定的关系,尿足细胞数随着尿蛋白量的增加而减少。     

Chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay based on magnetic nanoparticles for detection of hepatoceUular carcinoma marker glypican-3

Glypican-3 （GPC3） is reported as a great promising tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） diagnosis. Highly sensitive and accurate analysis of serum GPC3 （sGPC3）, in combination with or instead of traditional HCC marker alpha-fetoprotein （AFP）, is essential for early diagnosis of I-ICC. Biomaterial-functionalized magnetic particles have been utilized as solid supports with good biological compatibility for sensitive immunoassay. Here, the magnetic nanoparticles （MnPs） and magnetic microparticles （MmPs） with carboxyl groups were further modified with streptavidin, and applied for the development of chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay （CLEIA）. After comparing between MnPs- and MmPs-based CLEIA, MnPs-based CLEIA was proved to be a better method with less assay time, greater sensitivity, better linearity and longer chemiluminescence platform. MnPs-based CLEIA was applied for detection of sGPC3 in normal liver, hepatocirrhosis, secondary liver cancer and HCC serum samples. The results indicated that sGPC3 was effective in diagnosis of HCC with high performance.     

视距在忻阜高速公路交通安全性评价中的应用

视距是公路线形设计的宏观体现,与驾驶员操作行为密切相关。为更科学、客观地评价忻阜高速公路线形设计的安全性,在介绍国内外视距分类及常用评价方法的基础上,充分考虑了公路线形的空间特性,引入了基于三维动态视距的评价方法,从静态和动态视距角度对忻阜高速公路线形设计进行了评价。     

纤维高性能混凝土早龄期抗裂性能研究

在工作度和抗压强度研究的基础上,对比研究了不同纤维类型（玻璃纤维、聚丙烯纤维、钢纤维和混杂纤维）及掺量对高性能混凝土早龄期塑性开裂的影响.结果表明,单掺纤维或掺入混杂纤维可明显提高高性能混凝土的早龄期（1d）抗压强度;聚丙烯纤维和钢纤维可有效减小高性能混凝土早龄期塑性收缩裂缝的面积及宽度;二元混杂纤维比单一掺入玻璃纤维、聚丙烯纤维或钢纤维具有更好的限裂效果.     

关于图的反符号圈控制数

摘要：引入了图的反符号圈控制的概念,设G=（V,E）是一个非空图,一个函数f：E→{＋1,-1}对G中每一个无弦圈C均有∑e∈E（G）f（e）≤0成立,则称厂为图G的一个反符号圈控制函数,而γ′rsc（G）=max{∑e∈E（G）f（e）｜f为图G的反符号圈控制函数｜称为图G的反符号圈控制数。给出了图的反符号圈控制数的界限,刻画了满足γ′rsc（G）=-｜E（G）｜＋2的所有连通图G,并且确定了图与补图以及几类特殊图的反符号圈控制数。     

白细胞介素13在原发性肾小球肾炎肾组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨白细胞介素13(IL-13)在几种常见病理类型的原发性肾小球肾炎(PGN)患者肾组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测81例PGN患者及10例对照组肾组织中IL-13的表达情况,并与各项临床指标进行相关性分析。结果PGN患者肾组织中IL-13表达均较对照组明显增强;IL-13在PGN患者肾组织中的表达与血尿素氮、肌酐水平、24h尿蛋白定量以及肾小球新月体形成呈正相关(r分别为0.325,0.275,0.291,0.231),而与肾小球滤过率(GFR)、血清白蛋白水平呈负相关(r分别为-0.448,-0.296)。结论IL-13参与PGN患者肾组织的炎症反应及肾小球新月体的形成过程,并与肾功能进展及尿蛋白严重程度密切相关。     

图的符号控制数的下界

设G是一个图,一个函数,f.V→{-1,+1}如果∑v∈N[u]f(v)≥1对于每个点u∈V成立,则称f为图G=(V,E)的一个符号控制函数.一个图G的符号控制数定义为γs(G)=min｛∑v∈V(G)f(v)|f为图G的符号控制函数｝.该文主要给出了一个图G的符号控制教γs,(G)的若干新下限,并刻划了满足γs,(G...     

免疫渗滤法实验中非特异性染色封闭方法的改进

目的 选择理想的非特异性抗原封闭方法以适应基于免疫渗滤法的蛋白芯片制备.方法 以杆状病毒-昆虫表达系统制备的人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)L1蛋白抗原为例,采用脱脂奶粉、小牛血清、牛血清白蛋白及不同组合等5种方法对非特异性抗原进行封闭,检测其在免疫渗滤实验中对消除非特异性染色的效果,寻找最佳封闭非特异性染色的方法.结果 经过多次重复试验,并以PBS代替血清作空白试验,结果显示,目前常用的先固相然后封闭的几种方法,其封闭效果的稳定性和重复性不佳,且空白对照易出现假阳性;同时发现使用脱脂奶粉做封闭剂封闭后,由于奶粉颗粒易堵塞NC膜的孔径,影响NC膜的渗滤速度;使用小牛血清做封闭剂封闭后,由于NC膜对小牛血清的吸附而产生背景,影响结果判读;而采用20g/L BSA先封闭后固相的方法,在实验中得到满意的结果.结论 先封闭后固相的方法,在免疫渗滤实验中对非特异性抗原封闭的效果理想、结果稳定、重复性好,为一种理想的新的封闭方法.     

Microfluidics-based assay on the effects of microenvironmental geometry and aqueous flow on bacterial adhesion behaviors

Abstract A new microfluidic system with four different microchambers （a circle and three equilateral concave polygons） was designed and fabricated using poly（dimethylsiloxane） （PDMS） and the soft lithography method. Using this microfluidic device at six flow rates （5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μL/h）, the effects of microenvironmental geometry and aqueous flow on bacterial adhesion behaviors were investigated. Escherichia coli HB101 pGLO, which could produce a green fluorescent protein induced by L-arabinose, was utilized as the model bacteria. The results demonstrated that bacterial adhesion was significantly related to culture time, microenvironment geometry, and aqueous flow rates. Adhered bacterial density increased with the culture time. Initially, the adhesion occurred at the microchamber sides, and then the entire chamber was gradually covered with increased culture time. Adhesion densities in the side zones were larger than those in the center zones because of the lower shearing force in the side zone. Also, the adhesion densities in the complex chambers were larger than those in the simple chambers. At low flow rates, the orientation of adhered bacteria was random and disorderly. At high flow rates, bacterial orientation became close to the streamline and oriented toward the flow direction; All these results implied that bacterial adhesion tended to occur in complicated aqueous flow areas.The present study provided an on-chip flow system for physiological behavior of biological cells, as well as provided a strategic cue for the prevention of bacterial infection and biofilm formation.     

不同血液净化方式透析效果及对营养状态的影响

目的探讨不同血液净化方式的透析效果及对长期血液透析患者营养状态的影响。方法将20例晚期肾病患者,随机分为2组:HD组应用标准血液透析治疗;HDF/HD组采用2次血液透析+1次血液透析滤过(HDF)。比较两组患者治疗前后血清尿素、磷、β2-MG、血浆白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均动脉压、Bun及Cr的变化,以及患者对治疗的耐受性。分别计算KT/v及PCR值。结果经过血液透析滤过治疗5个月,患者精神好转、食欲增加、体力恢复、自理能力增强。HDF/HD组与HD组比较,血清磷、β2-MG、KT/v明显降低,血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白和血红蛋白均明显升高;PCR值两组之间无明显差异。结论HDF治疗效果好,能明显改善患者的透析充分性和营养状态,是值得向长期维持性血透患者推荐的透析方式之一。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者抗苗勒氏管激素与干细胞因子的相关性

目的研究多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)和干细胞因子(SCF)的表达情况及二者的相关性。方法选择年龄均小于35岁行体外受精与胚胎移植的PCOS患者102例,正常对照组90例,采用ELISA法检测血清和卵泡液中AMH和SCF的蛋白水平,分离并培养颗粒细胞;采用Real-time PCR检测PCOS患者颗粒细胞中AMH和SCF mRNA的相对含量,并对其进行相关性分析。结果①PCOS患者血清、卵泡液及颗粒细胞中AMH的相对表达较正常对照组明显升高,而SCF较对照组显著降低(P<0.01);②PCOS患者血清、卵泡液及颗粒细胞中AMH与SCF的表达均呈极为显著负相关(P<0.01)。结论多囊卵巢综合征患者血清、卵泡液及颗粒细胞中AMH与SCF的表达呈显著负相关。     

肺组织灌注前后双向电泳的比较

目的寻找更加有效的双向电泳方法以展示肺组织蛋白。方法取6只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和灌注组,用丙酮/三氯醋酸法提取肺组织蛋白并进行双向电泳分离,将2-D胶银染后用ImageScanner扫描仪扫描,采用ImageMaster 2-D Elite 3.10软件进行图象分析。结果对照组2-D胶的蛋白点计数为1 095±5,灌注组蛋白点计数为1 569±10。在分子质量30-70 ku范围内,灌注组的蛋白点计数显著高于对照组(P<0.01),在其他分子质量范围内二者蛋白点计数无显著性差异。在pH值5-8、9-10范围内,灌注组的蛋白点计数显著高于对照组(P<0.01),在其他pH值范围内二者蛋白点计数无显著性差异。结论生理盐水灌注法可显著减少肺组织中的血液蛋白成分,使得肺组织蛋白可以更好的在2-D胶上展示。     

班车通勤次数选择行为研究

通过对私家车通勤出行者RP和SP调查,分析了性别、年龄、驾龄、燃油价格等因素对班车通勤次数选择行为的影响,建立了基于Ordinal Logit（OL）模型的私家车转向班车通勤出行的频率选择模型。模型系数表明,驾龄小于3a的私家车出行者,在燃油价格上涨时,更倾向于班车通勤出行;驾龄大于3a的私家车通勤出行者,随着驾龄的增加,受燃油价格的影响越小,转向班车出行的频率越低。     

索菲那新的合成

以β-苯乙胺为原料,经酰化生成N-苯乙基苯甲酰胺,再与多聚磷酸（PPA）反应生成1-苯基-3,4-二氢异喹啉,经还原生成1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉,拆分得到（S）-1-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉,最后经酰化、酯化得到最终产物索菲那新（1-（S）-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-2-甲酸-3-（R）-奎宁环酯）,反应总收率21.79%,产物结构由1 H-NMR光谱表征.该工艺制备索菲那新的方法简单,原料便宜,后处理容易,适用于工业化生产.