共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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文中分析了长输油气射线数字成像检测的3种技术类型,及其在油气管道环焊缝检测方面的优缺点和发展趋势。开展了在役输油管道动火作业中射线数字成像检测技术(DR)的现场应用试验,初步验证了在役管道环焊缝DR检测的技术可行性和对缺陷检测的较高灵敏度。结合中俄东线输气管道建设,进行了传统射线胶片照相检测技术(RT)和DR检测技术工程应用效果的对比试验,试验结果表明现阶段RT检测胶片数字化技术能够较好地解决存量胶片检测影像资料的数字化存储和管理,而DR技术在缺陷检测数字成像方面呈现出较高的对比度,但目前DR检测效果不稳定。DR检测技术在长输管道工程的大规模应用推广,需进一步完善DR设备校验等方面的技术管理体系。 相似文献
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对压力管道射线检测中的缺陷处理及安全状况等级评定是需思考的问题.文中在总结工业管道全面检验中经常发现的裂纹、未焊透、未熔合、圆形缺陷及夹渣在底片上的形貌特点的基础上,分析了各自对在用管道的危害,并根据缺陷的特点,依据相关标准对管道进行安全状况等级评定,从而确定是否进行返修处理,并通过实例加以说明. 相似文献
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埋地压力管道具有泄漏和爆炸的潜在危险。提高压力管道的检测技术,确保压力管道的安全运行具有十分重大的意义。近几年,由于TOFD技术可以精确测量平面缺陷在壁厚方向的高度,为设备的可用性评估提供试验数据,在管道检测方面得到越来越多的应用。文中重点分析了实际工程应用中TOFD存在近表面盲区、横向裂纹的检测、管内介质的影响等技术难点,总结了各种技术难点产生的原因及解决方案。指出满足大量现场工况要求的检测设备和数字化超声信号的采集在管道检测中将有良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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Tzay-An Shiau 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2012,17(6):427-432
This study uses a hybrid approach to deal with incomplete information in evaluating and prioritizing transport sustainability strategies for Taipei City. Fifteen strategies taken from the three categories of land use planning, shifting modes, and using clean energy are examined. A sustainability compound index covering aspects of society, economy, environment, energy, and finance is constructed to measure transport sustainability. 相似文献
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AbstractDespite the wide use of utility theory to model travellers' behaviour, the interest in non-expected utility theories has increased due to their potential to capture more realistic behaviour. A main question raised is whether travellers are better described as utility maximizers or should be qualified differently.This paper presents a literature review on the use of expected utility theory (EUT), prospect theory (PT) and regret theory (RT) to model travellers' behaviour. Gaps in the literature are identified and a discussion about advantages and disadvantages of each theory is presented. A case study illustrates the differences between the theories.Under certain conditions, PT and RT restrict themselves to EUT. Their added value, however, is the possibility of capturing loss aversion, risk aversion and risk-seeking (PT) and regret aversion (RT). On the practical level, the use of EUT is well established, while contributions of PT and RT are marginal. On the theoretical level, however, RT seems to be (marginally) more suitable to model travellers' behaviour, while EUT and PT are equally suitable. This suggests that the large use of EUT is highly influenced by its very tractable framework. We do not claim the superiority of any theory, but propose to compare them through a systematic review. 相似文献
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Habitual travel behaviour: Evidence from a six-week travel diary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper introduces different methods to measure similarity of travel behaviour addressing the question of how repetitious travel behaviour actually is. It compares empirical results of the different methods based on the data from a six-week travel diary. In general, the results show that the day-to-day behaviour is more variable if measured with trip-based methods instead of methods based on time budgets. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the similarity declines if the method captures more of the complexity of the travel pattern. It is also shown that travel behaviour is neither totally repetitious nor totally variable. Even for the whole observation period, it is demonstrated that two days always have some common elements. Additionally, it is found that the different methods yield the same pattern of variability for different types of day. Travel behaviour is clearly more stable on work days. Similar results for all methods are also obtained concerning the question of how long the minimum period of observation should be. All measures show that the period should not be less than two weeks if one aims at measuring variability. 相似文献