汽车磁流变半主动悬架的控制研究

为了改善汽车的乘坐舒适性和行驶安全性,提出了一种汽车磁流变半主动悬架的控制策略。首先,设计了磁流变减振器的工作模式,通过试验获得了其速度特性和力学特性,建立了磁流变减振器的数学模型;其次,建立了带磁流变减振器的二自由度车辆简化模型及其参数表;最后,基于双环控制理论,设计了一种控制系统,其外环产生理想的结构阻尼力,内环调节电流驱动器的电流,以使磁流变减振器实时地产生控制阻尼力。仿真结果表明:以磁流变减振器为基础,通过半主动控制技术,悬架系统的振动动态性能得到了有效的控制。     

汽车单筒充气磁流变减振器特性的试验研究

分析了汽车单筒充气磁流变减振器的结构和基于磁流变液Bingham本构关系的阻尼力模型,对用于汽车悬架的国外某单筒充气磁流变减振器阻尼力示功特性、温度特性、活塞磁路磁场特性、磁流变液流变特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,磁流变阻尼器具有很强的耗能性和可控性;随控制电流增加,其阻尼力增大,电流达到一定时磁场出现磁饱和状态,阻尼力将趋于稳定;随着工作温度升高,减振器压缩阻尼力增大,拉伸阻尼力下降。     

小孔节流式磁流变减振器阻尼特性理论与试验研究

基于商用磁流变减振器的结构特点,将磁流变减振器简化成具有4个圆形阻尼孔和1个环形阻尼孔的平板模型.根据磁流变液的特性,推导出控制电流、活塞速度与阻尼力的关系式,并在MATLAB中仿真得到不同电流下的速度阻尼特性曲线.经台架试验验证,该理论关系式能够较好的表达磁流变减振器的特性.     

半主动悬架磁流变液减振器研究

针对Passat B5轿车前悬架,开发了双筒滑阀式磁流变液减振器,提出了簧载质量的绝对速度及其与非簧载质量间的相对运动速度估计算法,利用实测悬架参数和磁流变液减振器的非线性阻尼力特性,建立了带磁流变液减振器的半主动悬架模型。沥青路面试验结果表明:相对于被动悬架,采用磁流变液半主动悬架后车辆平顺性改善大于10%。     

汽车磁流变半主动座椅悬架动态特性的试验研究

为进一步提高汽车的乘坐舒适性,研发了一种汽车座椅半主动悬架用磁流变减振器,并对其进行阻尼特性试验,通过分析其受力情况,建立了汽车半主动座椅悬架动力学模型,设计了用于座椅磁流变半主动悬架的天棚控制策略,并在随机和正弦激励输入下进行了座椅天棚控制仿真计算,试制了磁流变半主动座椅物理样机及试验台架系统,开展了磁流变半主动座椅悬架的台架试验研究。结果表明,理论仿真和试验结果基本吻合,磁流变减振器阻尼可控性好;相对于被动座椅悬架,采用磁流变半主动座椅悬架后,座椅动态性能改善了30%左右,磁流变半主动座椅悬架减振效果显著。     

磁流变半主动悬架动力学特性的试验研究

通过台架试验为自制磁流变减振器建立可控阻尼力-励磁模型以便于计算机控制,并根据1/4车辆半主动悬架动力学模型确定天棚阻尼开关控制算法和LQR最优控制算法的相关参数;应用Labview模块化语言开发了数据采集与预处理、控制算法和计算机与PWM通信控制等模块,并在1/4车辆悬架试验台上进行半主动振动控制与无控制的对比试验.结果表明,自制的磁流变减振器结合所开发的控制算法能有效抑制车辆振动.     

基于MATLAB与ADAMAS的磁流变减振器整车联合仿真

在对磁流变减振器工作原理分析的基础上．针对目前理论研究中对阻尼力实施控制和没有建立精确的整车模型而带来的仿真与实际情况差别较大的问题,在SIMULINK中建立了磁流变减振器的数学模型。结合其工作原理设计了以车身加速度和簧载质量与非簧载质量相对速度为输入,控制电流为输出的模糊控制器。在ADAMS／CAR中建立了比较准确的基于磁流变减振器的半主动悬架及整车多刚体动力学模型,并进行了联合仿真。结果表明了磁流变减振器能够有效提高车辆的平顺性与舒适性,同时也为加快磁流变减振器研发提供了理论依据。     

汽车磁流变非线性悬架模糊控制

建立了整车悬架系统的三维模型,根据试验数据得出了前后悬架弹簧的非线性特性曲线。前后悬架减振器均采用磁流变减振器,采用Bouc-Wen参数化模型为其阻尼力模型。采用模糊控制算法为整车半主动控制算法,采用ADAMS和Matlab联合对整车平顺性进行仿真。结果表明,采用模糊控制算法控制磁流变非线性悬架可提高整车的平顺性。     

汽车非线性半主动悬架的模糊神经网络控制

考虑磁流变减振器阻尼力和悬架弹性元件非线性特性，建立车辆6自由度的半主动悬架非线性动力学模型。提出了一种基于模糊神经网络系统结构的模型参考自适应控制方法来研究汽车半主动悬架的非线性控制问题，并考虑半车模型前后悬架的输入时滞，对其进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明：运用模糊神经网络非线性控制方法能够使人体和车身垂直加速度、俯仰角加速度都得到很大的衰减，证实这种模糊神经网络控制方法可大大减少路面对车身的振动冲击，提高汽车行驶平顺性。     

汽车悬架用磁流变阻尼器的性能试验研究

介绍了用于汽车悬架的磁流变阻尼器(MR阻尼器)的特点及其性能试验系统,并在大范围控制电流、不同频率和幅度组合的单谐波激励下对MR阻尼器进行了试验数据的处理与分析.结果表明,MR阻尼器的输出阻尼力一相对速度特性曲线存在严重的非线性滞环特性,表现为半主动的电流控制特点,且阻尼力随控制电流的增加而增加并趋于饱和;在控制电流为零的情况下,MR阻尼器表现为普通的无源液压阻尼器件的工作特性.     

Inverse neuro-fuzzy MR damper model and its application in vibration control of vehicle suspension system

In this paper, a magneto-rheological (MR) damper-based semi-active controller for vehicle suspension is developed. This system consists of a linear quadratic Gauss (LQG) controller as the system controller and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) inverse model as the damper controller. First, a modified Bouc–Wen model is proposed to characterise the forward dynamic characteristics of the MR damper based on the experimental data. Then, an inverse MR damper model is built using ANFIS technique to determine the input current so as to gain the desired damping force. Finally, a quarter-car suspension model together with the MR damper is set up, and a semi-active controller composed of the LQG controller and the ANFIS inverse model is designed. Simulation results demonstrate that the desired force can be accurately tracked using the ANFIS technique and the semi-active controller can achieve competitive performance as that of active suspension.     

Skyhook and H8 Control of Semi-active Suspensions: Some Practical Aspects

Summary This paper deals with single-wheel suspension car model. We aim to prove the benefits of controlled semi-active suspensions compared to passive ones. The contribution relies on H 8 control design to improve comfort and road holding of the car under industrial specifications, and on control validation through simulation on an exact nonlinear model of the suspension. Note that we define semi-active suspensions as control systems incorporating a parallel spring and an electronically controlled damper. However, the type of damper used in automotive industry can only dissipate energy. No additional force can be generated using external energy. The control issue is then to change, in an accurate way, the damping (friction) coefficient in real-time. This is what we call semi-active suspension. For this purpose, two control methodologies, H 8 and Skyhook control approaches, are developed, using a linear model of the suspension, and compared in terms of performances using industrial specifications. The performance analysis is done using the control-oriented linear model first, and then using an exact nonlinear model of the suspension incorporating the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension spring and damper.     

Skyhook and H8 Control of Semi-active Suspensions: Some Practical Aspects

Summary This paper deals with single-wheel suspension car model. We aim to prove the benefits of controlled semi-active suspensions compared to passive ones. The contribution relies on H 8 control design to improve comfort and road holding of the car under industrial specifications, and on control validation through simulation on an exact nonlinear model of the suspension. Note that we define semi-active suspensions as control systems incorporating a parallel spring and an electronically controlled damper. However, the type of damper used in automotive industry can only dissipate energy. No additional force can be generated using external energy. The control issue is then to change, in an accurate way, the damping (friction) coefficient in real-time. This is what we call semi-active suspension. For this purpose, two control methodologies, H 8 and Skyhook control approaches, are developed, using a linear model of the suspension, and compared in terms of performances using industrial specifications. The performance analysis is done using the control-oriented linear model first, and then using an exact nonlinear model of the suspension incorporating the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension spring and damper.     

Semi-active H∞ control of high-speed railway vehicle suspension with magnetorheological dampers

In this paper, semi-active H∞ control with magnetorheological (MR) dampers for railway vehicle suspension systems to improve the lateral ride quality is investigated. The proposed semi-active controller is composed of a H∞ controller as the system controller and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) inverse MR damper model as the damper controller. First, a 17-degree-of-freedom model for a full-scale railway vehicle is developed and the random track irregularities are modelled. Then a modified Bouc–Wen model is built to characterise the forward dynamic characteristics of the MR damper and an inverse MR damper model is built with the ANFIS technique. Furthermore, a H∞ controller composed of a yaw motion controller and a rolling pendulum motion (lateral motion+roll motion) controller is established. By integrating the H∞ controller with the ANFIS inverse model, a semi-active H∞ controller for the railway vehicle is finally proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed semi-active suspension system possesses better attenuation ability for the vibrations of the car body than the passive suspension system.     

Force Control of a Semi-Active Damper

Two strategies are investigated for controlling a semi-active damper to track a prescribed force demand signal: (i) 'open loop' control, using a model of the damping force versus velocity characteristics; and (ii) force feedback (closed loop) control.

The damping characteristics and switching transients of a prototype damper were measured, and used to develop a mathematical model of the dynamics of the damper. The two control strategies were investigated using an idealised (constant velocity) test. Their performance was also simulated and measured under realistic operating conditions using the Hardware-in-the-Loop testing method.

Open loop damper control was generally found to give superior performance to force feedback control, due to its smaller phase lag at high frequencies.     

应用于汽车减振的磁流变液阻尼器的设计原理

应用智能材料磁流变液（MR）构造出的半主动悬架减振系统，可以用于对车辆振动的控制。MR流体具有的独特性质在于：在强磁场的作用下，可由牛顿流体变为粘塑流体，而变液阻尼器则具有结构简单、体积小、工作连续可逆，能耗小等优点。本文介绍了磁流变液的材料特性，建立了磁流变液阻尼器的阻尼力数学模型，并提出设计变阻尼器时参数的选取原则。     

基于磁流变阻尼器的发动机振动模糊PID控制

在对发动机激振力及动力学模型分析的基础上,提出一种模糊PID控制方法,设计出了基于磁流变阻尼器的发动机振动控制的半主动模糊PID控制器,并运用MATLAB/Simulink对隔振控制系统进行了对比仿真.仿真结果显示,与橡胶隔振垫和PID控制相比,采用模糊PID控制的磁流变阻尼器的发动机有更明显的隔振效果,表明了磁流变阻尼器在汽车发动机上运用的可行性.     

一种用于车辆半主动悬架控制的磁流变阻尼器模型

文中对适用于车辆半主动悬架控制器设计的磁流变阻尼器模型进行研究.首先分析阻尼力与位移、速度以及输入电流之间的关系,并结合现有阻尼器模型的优点,提出一种精确的便于控制的双曲正切磁滞模型.接着,将磁流变阻尼器安装在硬件在环仿真平台上进行试验,利用试验得到的阻尼器动态特性数据,进行阻尼器模型的参数辨识和曲线拟合.最后,将基于拟合参数的模型仿真结果与试验数据进行比较,验证了模型的正确性.     

Force Control of a Semi-Active Damper

SUMMARY

Two strategies are investigated for controlling a semi-active damper to track a prescribed force demand signal: (i) ‘open loop’ control, using a model of the damping force versus velocity characteristics; and (ii) force feedback (closed loop) control.

The damping characteristics and switching transients of a prototype damper were measured, and used to develop a mathematical model of the dynamics of the damper. The two control strategies were investigated using an idealised (constant velocity) test. Their performance was also simulated and measured under realistic operating conditions using the Hardware-in-the-Loop testing method.

Open loop damper control was generally found to give superior performance to force feedback control, due to its smaller phase lag at high frequencies.     

Generalized magnetorheological (MR) damper model and its application in semi-active control of vehicle suspension system

In this paper, analytical characterization of the magneto-rheological (MR) damper is done using a new modified algebraic model. Algebraic model is also more preferable because of its low computational expenses compared to differential Bouc-Wen’s model which is highly computationally demanding. This model along with the obtained model parameters is used as a semi-active suspension device in a quarter car model and the stationary response of the vehicle traversing on a rough road is obtained. The control part consists of two nested controllers. One of them is the system controller which generates the desired damping force and the other is the damper controller which adjusts the voltage level to MR damper so as to track the desired damping force. For the system controller a model reference skyhook Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is used and for the damper controller a continuous state algorithm is built to determine the input voltage so as to gain the desired damping force. The analytical model is subsequently used in the quarter car vehicle model and the vehicular responses are studied. A simulation study is performed to prove the effectiveness and robustness of the semi-active control approach. Results show that the semi-active controller can achieve compatible performance as that of active suspension controller except for a little deterioration.