基于轴距预瞄的非匀速工况车辆悬架状态估计

为实现车辆在非匀速行驶时的悬架相对速度和簧上绝对速度估计，同时减小车载传感器的数量，构造了不考虑车轮动力学、以车轮垂直速度为输入的车辆悬架系统简化模型，设计了一种基于速度自适应轴距预瞄的结合卡尔曼滤波算法估计整车悬架相对速度和簧上绝对速度的方法。仿真结果表明，在车辆非匀速行驶通过低频正弦路面、减速带、凹坑以及典型随机路面时，所提出的方法可以准确估计车辆的悬架相对速度和簧上绝对速度，且速度自适应轴距预瞄的引入减少了传感器的使用数量。     

基于轴间预瞄的主动悬架研究

以某型汽车的1／2车辆模型为研究对象，提出了一种轴间预瞄控制的方法，并结合最优控制理论设计了车辆悬架的控制策略。通过模拟和仿真分析，验证了所提出的轴间预瞄比传统的轴距预瞄具有更好的控制效果。     

结合卡尔曼滤波器的车辆主动悬架轴距预瞄控制研究

利用轴距预瞄信息，即前后轮路面输入之关系，同时结合卡尔曼滤波器作为状态估计器，本文提出了一种算法用于车辆悬架控制律的设计，根据模拟结果，研究了算法的可行性，分析了卡尔曼滤波器对状态变量的估计精度，以及轴距预瞄控制对进一步改进车辆性能的潜力。     

基于轴距预瞄的半主动悬架模糊神经网络控制

应用模糊控制和神经网络控制理论,构建了1/2车辆的半主动悬架模型,设计了基于轴距预瞄的半主动悬架模糊神经网络控制系统.对前轮半主动悬架采用以对应处车身垂向加速度为目标的模糊控制,对后轮半主动悬架采用轴距预瞄模糊控制,并利用神经网络来调整模糊控制器的控制规则和隶属度函数.在不同车速下对所建的控制系统分别进行了白噪声和路面脉冲输入的仿真.结果表明,与传统的被动系统相比,轴距预瞄模糊神经网络控制的半主动悬架系统能有效降低车辆振动;与模糊控制的半主动悬架系统相比,质心垂向加速度和后轮对应处车身加速度均有显著减小,较好地改善了车辆的行驶平顺性.     

基于稳态特性的路程预瞄转向模型

为实现车辆稳态转向的理想状态,建立更真实的预瞄-跟踪行为,提出了2种基于稳态转向的路程预瞄转向模型,假设车辆处于稳态转向状态,预测车辆的行驶轨迹,基于预测轨迹的侧向误差最小原则,分别建立了将单点预瞄转化为路程预瞄的理想转向模型和修正转向模型。CarSim/Simulink联合仿真结果表明,2种转向模型均具有较好的路径跟踪精度、适应性和转向平顺性。     

多轴车辆操纵稳定性研究

采用基于综合曲率误差的预瞄PID驾驶员模型对HTF6轴车辆的稳态回转、车道变换和转弯制动3种典型操纵稳定性试验工况进行了仿真分析,对多轴车辆不同设计参数对整车操纵稳定性的影响进行了对比分析.结果表明,标准配置的1500×600轮胎可以综合平衡整车操纵稳定性;采用根据车速控制后桥转向模式的电控转向系统可同时满足多轴车辆几何通过性和高速侧倾稳定性的要求;车辆质心高度增加100 min对仿真计算结果无明显影响.     

智能车路径跟踪控制算法的简述

智能车主要分为路径规划、路径跟踪、自动泊车三大部分。路径规划主要研究车辆的避障问题,路径跟踪主要研究车辆跟随期望路径的有效性,自动泊车主要分析车辆在有限的几何空间内将车辆泊到指定的空间位置。其中路径跟踪是其核心部分,根据研究方法的不同,主要分为"预瞄跟随模型"和"智能控制模型"。文章根据预瞄点的不同,主要分析单点预瞄模型、两点预瞄模型、路程预瞄模型。根据智能控制方法的不同,主要分析模糊逻辑控制驾驶员模型、神经网络控制驾驶员模型、模型预测控制驾驶员模型。     

基于时间系数的单点预瞄驾驶员模型分析

本文中建立了一种车辆新的单点预瞄驾驶员模型,分析了预瞄时间和误差反馈系数对跟踪效果的影响。提出稳态误差存在的根本原因是"纵向预瞄时间和侧向加速时间没有解耦"的假设。通过增设表征侧向加速时间与纵向预瞄时间之间关系的时间系数F,该模型在保证系统振动频率可调的前提下,可无差地跟踪给定的弧形弯道。     

基于弧长预瞄的车辆侧向跟踪控制研究

为提高基于预瞄理论的路径跟踪控制算法的计算效率与适应性,本文中在预瞄最优曲率模型的基础上,提出了一种依据车辆实际行驶路程获取预瞄点侧向位移的弧长预瞄方法。并在该方法下,推导了预瞄点侧向位移与车辆前轮转角之间的关系,之后通过侧向跟踪闭环系统方框图,建立了路径跟踪的侧向控制模型。最后,在CarSim/Simulink联合仿真环境下,通过建立若干典型仿真工况,对该模型的有效性和人-车-路闭环系统转向盘稳定性影响因素进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该方法在侧向路径跟踪控制方面具有跟踪精度高、计算速度快和适应性好的特点。并且,当闭环系统同时满足期望路径点方向连续和预瞄距离大于临界前视距两个条件时转向盘趋于稳定。     

一种模拟整车环境的电驱系统测试方法

基于综合测试台架搭建整车模型，嵌入预瞄控制方法，有效消除指令传递、响应等过程对分析造成的影响。该方法保证了模拟整车环境测试的准确性、有效性。     

四轮转向汽车自适应模型跟踪控制研究

使用单点预瞄驾驶员模型，针对确定性汽车模型探讨了４ＷＳ汽车在单移线行驶过程中后轮的最优转向控制规律。通过引入状态反馈，改善了整车的转向特性，将实际汽车的前后轮胎侧刚度及外界干扰视为有界的不确定性参数，采用自适应模型跟踪变结构控制方法，使得不确定的实际汽车模型能够很好地跟踪确定的最优理论模型，仿真结果表明该方法的可行性，控制系统能够有效地克服参数摄动及外界干扰对系统稳定性的影响。     

基于驾驶员行为模拟的ACC控制算法

基于驾驶员最优预瞄加速度模型建立了一种适用于多种典型行驶工况的ACC控制算法。该算法采用基于多目标模糊决策方法的驾驶安全性、工效性、轻便性与合法性评价指标以及基于预瞄跟随理论的微分校正函数，描述了ACC控制系统对自由工况、跟随工况和切入工况等不同行驶条件及汽车动力学系统强非线性特性的考虑。     

智能交通系统中基于机器视觉的数字车辆控制

在描述成像模型与视觉坐标系的基础上，给出了基于计算机视觉的车道与障碍物辨识检测算法，应用预瞄转向以及车辆控制等技术手段来实现数字车辆的道路跟踪。     

Optimal Preview Control of a Two-dof Vehicle Model Using Stochastic Optimal Control Theory

An optimal preview control algorithm is applied to a two degree of freedom(dof) vehicle model travelling with constant velocity on a randomly profiled road. The road roughness is modelled as a homogeneous random process being the output of a linear first order filter to white noise. The input from the road irregularity is assumed to be measured at some distance in front of the vehicle and this measured infonnation is utilized by the active controller to prepare the system for the ensuing input. The preview control algorithm is obtained by minimizing a quadratic performance index and by describing the average behaviour of the system by the covariance matrix of the vehicle response state vector. Results are presented for full state feedback and significant improvements in sprung mass acceleration, suspension working space and road holding are observed.     

基于动力学模型的车辆转向控制器不足与变结构控制方法的研究

本文从理论上分析了基于车辆二自由度转向动力学模型的转向控制器在低速时产生失稳的原因。为解决失稳问题,本文提出了相应的解决方法,建立了基于预瞄运动学的车辆转向控制模型,采用滑模变结构控制理论设计了车辆的转向控制器,使车辆转向控制具有良好的跟踪性能和鲁棒性。     

Optimal Linear Preview Control of Active Vehicle Suspension

The problem of linear preview control of vehicle suspension is considered as a continuous time stochastic optimal control problem. In the proposed approach minimal a priori information about the road irregularities is assumed and measurement errors are taken into account. It is shown that estimation and control issues can be decoupled. The problem formulation and the analytical solution are given in a general form and hence they apply to other problems in which the system disturbances are unknown a priori, even in a stochastic sense, but some preview information is possible.

The solution is applied to a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) vehicle model. The effects of preview information on ride comfort, road holding, working space of the suspension and power requirements are examined in time and frequency domains. The results show that the greatest potential is for improving road holding properties. This effect could not have been observed in previous studies based on a 1-DOF vehicle model. It is also demonstrated that the presence of preview drastically reduces power requirements, thus relieving the performance versus actuator power dilemma.     

A Reusability Study of Vehicle Lateral Control System

The architecture of the PATH vehicle lateral control system is presented in this paper. The two main modules are an intelligent reference/sensing system, and an Frequency-Shaped-Linear-Quadratic/preview control algorithm. The whole lateral control system was formerly evaluated on a two-door test vehicle. It was transplanted to a four-door vehicle which is considerably different from the older two-door test vehicle in dynamic characteristics. The objective of this study is to investigate the reusability of our control system.     

Optimal Linear Preview Control of Active Vehicle Suspension

SUMMARY

The problem of linear preview control of vehicle suspension is considered as a continuous time stochastic optimal control problem. In the proposed approach minimal a priori information about the road irregularities is assumed and measurement errors are taken into account. It is shown that estimation and control issues can be decoupled. The problem formulation and the analytical solution are given in a general form and hence they apply to other problems in which the system disturbances are unknown a priori, even in a stochastic sense, but some preview information is possible.

The solution is applied to a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) vehicle model. The effects of preview information on ride comfort, road holding, working space of the suspension and power requirements are examined in time and frequency domains. The results show that the greatest potential is for improving road holding properties. This effect could not have been observed in previous studies based on a 1-DOF vehicle model. It is also demonstrated that the presence of preview drastically reduces power requirements, thus relieving the performance versus actuator power dilemma.