船舶横摇阻尼的CFD数值模拟研究（英文）

船舶横摇阻尼是影响参数横摇和瘫船稳性等大幅横摇运动的关键参数。文中基于非定常RANS方程在静水中对模型2792进行了自由横摇衰减的数值模拟,该模型是船舶第二代完整稳性衡准制定中瘫船稳性研究的国际标准船模,数值模拟中采用了两种网格类型,一种是滑移网格,另一种重叠网格。计算结果表明,数值模拟的自由横摇衰减曲线和模型试验结果吻合良好,另外CFD计算的横摇阻尼与试验值的误差小于Ikeda’s经验公式计算的误差,证明非定常RANS方程可用于预报横摇阻尼。     

基于渐进法的船舶横摇非线性阻尼系数识别

阻尼对于海浪中船舶的横摇运动响应预报至关重要。本文基于渐进法,利用自由横摇衰减数据,提出了一种适用于船舶大幅横摇运动的非线性阻尼系数识别方法。非线性阻尼选用线性加二阶模型,非线性回复力矩可以是任意形式的奇函数。通过数值方法模拟生成自由横摇衰减曲线,采用本文方法识别阻尼系数,验证方法的有效性。开展不同横摇角幅值下的参数研究,将不同船舶横摇方程的阻尼系数识别结果与其他方法的估算结果进行对比分析,验证了本文方法的高精度。最后,将本文方法应用于船舶自由横摇衰减实测数据,识别其非线性阻尼系数,数值模拟结果与试验数据一致性较好。研究表明该方法精度高,易操作,适用于大角度横摇和强非线性回复力矩条件下非线性阻尼系数的识别。     

基于数值水池的潜艇横摇运动仿真

以CFD软件FLUENT为计算平台并进行二次开发,利用UDF模块及动网格技术建立数值水池,对二维矩形剖面及三维SUBOFF潜艇模型的水下自由横摇运动进行数值模拟。采用一种边界滑移动网格技术,保证网格不会发生畸变与重生的前提下,对物体的流场控制方程及刚体运动方程进行同步的耦合求解,计算其横摇周期和横摇阻尼等参数。     

初稳性高时变特性对横摇运动的影响分析

文章研究纵浪中船舶初稳性高的时变特性对横摇运动的影响.假设升沉和纵摇是准静力平衡,建立纵浪中船舶横摇参数激励运动方程,提出了稳性高波动项的计算方法.以一艘渔政船为例,考虑不同航速,计算非规则波中参数激励横摇运动.计算结果表明在纵浪上,当船遭遇到一系列高波,特征波长接近船长,且参数激励频率集中在2倍横摇固有频率时,船舶会发生参数激励横摇.     

破损船舶瘫船时的横摇运动分析

为了研究破损船舶瘫船时的横摇运动,采用Davenport风谱计算定常风和阵风的风倾力矩,采用ITTC双参数波谱计算不规则波波浪力矩,采用增加重量法计算破损进水,建立了破损船舶瘫船时的横摇运动方程。最后以一艘船舶为例,计算了船舶非对称破损、对称破损以及完整状态下的横摇运动幅值,分析了破损船舶瘫船时的横摇情况。结果表明,船舶在破损时的横摇幅值远大于完整状态下横摇幅值且非对称破损时的横摇幅值最大。     

大型汽车滚装船参数横摇研究

对于航行在纵向波浪中的船舶,参数横摇是横稳性中典型的不利情形。文章对参数横摇作了介绍,并对某大型汽车滚装船进行了实例分析。首先,对船舶在纵向波浪中的稳性变化进行了计算;然后,根据衡准进行验证;最后,采用数值仿真方法,研究了稳性变化、横摇阻尼、航速、航向等参数对参数横摇的影响。     

基于能量法的船舶静水横摇试验阻尼估算方法研究

船舶横摇阻尼准确估算是正确预报波浪中横摇运动的前提。为获得船舶横摇阻尼,通常采用静水中船模自由横摇衰减试验的方法。文章基于模型试验的横摇衰减测量数据,采用能量法进行了船舶横摇阻尼系数的研究,主要研究了横摇衰减曲线拟合函数形式,横摇衰减周期截取个数对获取的横摇阻尼系数的影响。最后将采用能量法获取的横摇阻尼系数用于规则波中船舶横摇运动预报,验证了采用该方法获取的阻尼系数的适用性。     

二代稳性衡准纯稳性丧失直接评估方法研究(二)

针对国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定的船舶第二代完整稳性衡准中的纯稳性丧失直接评估衡准,本文提出了纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇4自由度运动耦合的标准数学模型,进行了纯稳性丧失直接评估.该方法首先基于MMG操纵性标准方法,构建纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇4自由度运动方程,同时考虑了舵控制方程,其次在纵荡、横荡、横摇、首摇方程右边考虑时域波浪力/力矩,且横摇方程右边进一步考虑了粘性横摇阻尼力矩和波浪中复原力臂变化.最后采用ONR内倾船进行了尾斜浪中纯稳性丧失直接数值计算,为纯稳性丧失直接稳性评估衡准的应用奠定了基础.     

船舶参数横摇非线性力学特征数值分析

为研究船舶参数横摇发生的力学机理,文章基于计算流体力学方法,对DTMB5512船模规则波顶浪航行时的参数横摇运动进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:参数横摇复原力矩曲线会随横摇角增大而出现2个拐点,呈现出先增大、后减小、再增大的非线性特征;其零点、拐点及最大值点可以分别用垂荡、纵摇及船/波相对位置进行表征。文中方法实现了船舶参数横摇力学特征的数值分析,可为船舶波浪中的完整稳性评估提供新的方法。     

基于横摇衰减数据的横摇阻尼估算方法对比研究

基于自由横摇衰减曲线估算船舶横摇阻尼是一种常用工程手段,由于衰减曲线估算阻尼的方法众多,导致阻尼估算结果存在差异。为实现获取高精度阻尼预报方法的目的,本文首先对近年来出现的基于衰减曲线估算横摇阻尼的方法原理进行详细分析,扩展其适用范围,按照原理将方法分为基于分段线性假设与基于参数识别两类。其次利用标准模型（DTC）的横摇数据,验证并比较不同方法的特点,分析阻尼系数估算的误差来源。结果表明,横摇阻尼估算精度与使用的方法强相关,推荐物理意义明确、误差来源少、对测量噪声与误差不敏感的Froude能量法作为初步阻尼评估方法,若能找到足够精确的阻尼模型,则可进一步使用具有内在的噪声抑制机制、不需要预估阻尼系数初值、存在唯一解的Prony-SS方法以提高识别精度。     

RANS方法的螺旋桨与舵附推力鳍相互干扰水动力性能

The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method, along with the Fluent software package, was used to study the steady and unsteady interaction of propellers and rudders with additional thrust fins. The sliding mesh model was employed to simulate unsteady interactions between the blades, the rudder and the thrust fins. Based on the numerical results, the pressure distribution on the propeller and the efficiency of the fins were calculated as a function of the attack angle. The RANS results were compared with results calculated by the potential method. It was found that the results for the potential method and the RANS method have good consistency, but they yield maximum efficiencies for the fins, and thus corresponding attack angles, that are not identical.     

URANS analysis of a broaching event in irregular quartering seas

Ship motions in a high sea state can have adverse effects on controllability, cause loss of stability, and ultimately compromise the survivability of the ship. In a broaching event, the ship losses control, naturally turning broadside to the waves, causing a dangerous situation and possibly capsizing. Classical approaches to study broaching rely on costly experimental programs and/or time-domain potential or system-based simulation codes. In this paper the ability of Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) to simulate a broaching event in irregular waves is demonstrated, and the extensive information available is used to analyze the broaching process. The demonstration nature of this paper is stressed, as opposed to a validated study. Unsteady RANS (URANS) provides a model based on first principles to capture phenomena such as coupling between sway, yaw, and roll, roll damping, effects of complex waves on righting arm, rudders partially out of the water, etc. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method uses a single-phase level-set approach to model the free surface, and dynamic overset grids to resolve large-amplitude motions. Before evaluating irregular seas two regular wave cases are demonstrated, one causing broaching and one causing stable surf riding. A sea state 8 is imposed following an irregular Bretschneider spectrum, and an autopilot was implemented to control heading and speed with two different gains for the heading controller. It is concluded that the autopilot causes the ship to be in an adverse dynamic condition at the beginning of the broaching process, and thus is partially responsible for the occurrence of the broaching event.     

浅液深和挡板影响下遭受横摇激励的晃荡问题数值研究（英文）

Sloshing is relevant in several applications like ship tanks,space and automotive industry and seiching in harbours.Due to the relationship between ship and sloshing motions and possibility of structural damage,it is important to represent this phenomenon accurately.This paper investigates sloshing at shallow liquid depths in a rectangular container using experiments and RANS simulations.Free and forced sloshing,with and without baffles,are studied at frequencies chosen specifically in proximity to the first mode natural frequency.The numerically calculated free surface elevation is in close agreement with observations from experiments.The upper limit of the resonance zone,sloshing under different filling depths and roll amplitudes and sloshing with one,two and four baffles are also investigated.The results show that the extent of the resonance zone is reduced for higher filling depth and roll amplitude.It is also found that the inclusion of baffles moves the frequency at which the maximum free surface elevation occurs,away from the fundamental frequency.Finally,a submerged baffle is found to dissipate more energy compared to a surface piercing baffle and that the effect of several submerged baffles is similar to that of a single submerged baffle.     

基于RANS和非线性动力学方法的海洋平台供应船水舱减摇预报

在探讨带平面被动式减摇水舱的海洋平台工作船在横浪中的减摇问题上,采用RANS方法进行船舶和水舱的强迫运动模拟,通过数值处理得到船舶和水舱的水动力系数。假设在共振频率下船舶和水舱的横摇运动在达到稳态后可以解耦,由非线性动力学的方法求解船舶横摇运动,并在波浪中进行系列模型试验以研究减摇特性。海洋平台工作船具有多工况的特点,不同载况对应不同船舶固有周期,实际航行中对减摇水舱的使用就是通过改变水舱水深使水舱的周期等于船舶固有周期,而通过上述方法的快速计算,选择合适的水深和阻尼隔板可以达到理想的减摇效果。结论表明该方法可以预报不同方案下的船舶横摇运动,该思路在船舶的减摇水舱设计阶段可以提供参考价值,并且在实船航行中可以提供水深加载指导以适应复杂的多工况航行。文中研究结果被运用于一艘实船航行时水舱加水策略中。     

基于滑移网格技术计算螺旋桨水动力性能研究

基于RANS方程的CFD软件数值模拟螺旋桨定常和非定常的水动力性能.定常计算采用多重参考系MRF模型,分别采用标准k-ε的湍流模型,RNG k-ε湍流模型和Reliable k-ε湍流模型模拟在不同进速系数时的推力系数和转矩系数.将模拟的数值结果与试验值相比较,计算结果表明,采用Reliable k-ε湍流模型计算出的推力系数与转矩系数与试验值基本吻合,并以该结果为初始场,通过滑移网格技术,采用单机并行计算螺旋桨非定常水动力性能.相较于定常计算结果更加接近试验值,说明滑移网格技术具有更高的精准度,更加适用于计算螺旋桨的水动力性能.     

船后螺旋桨空泡数值预报及试验对比

文章研究了湍流模型对螺旋桨空泡计算结果的影响,结果表明常用的湍流模型均可较好地预报螺旋桨空泡形态。采用RANS求解器,结合SST k-ω湍流模型和Sauer空化模型,数值模拟了船后螺旋桨空泡。用对称面边界条件处理自由表面,滑移网格技术处理螺旋桨旋转,时间步长为1°。螺旋桨空泡模拟结果与大型循环水槽试验结果进行了对比,虽然由于计算网格稀疏的原因没能捕捉到螺旋桨梢涡空泡,但螺旋桨空泡随空间角度的动态行为与试验观察结果吻合较好。     

基于随机Melnikov方法的甲板上浪船舶混沌运动研究

应用随机Melnikov方法和庞加莱截面研究甲板上浪时船舶的混沌运动。考虑甲板上浪对船舶静稳性的影响,建立随机横浪中船舶横摇运动方程。由随机Melnikov过程结合均方准则确定船舶产生混沌运动的参数域,计算不同参数域中船舶横摇响应的庞加莱截面和时间历程。结果表明,增加船舶阻尼将抑制混沌运动的发生。甲板上浪时船舶横摇响应的庞加莱截面上有两个吸引域,船舶运动过程有两个横摇中心。在非混沌参数域中,船舶只围绕其中的一个横摇中心运动;在混沌参数域中,发生由一个横摇中心到另一个横摇中心的随机跳跃。     

Full six degrees of freedom coupled dynamic simulation of ship collision and grounding accidents

By taking advantage of the user-defined load subroutine (loadud) and the user common subroutine (usercomm) in LS-DYNA, the authors proposed a new coupled approach for simultaneously calculating structural damage and the planar 3DOF ship motions in ship collisions. The coupled procedure aimed at predicting the detailed structural damage together with reasonable global ship motions. This paper extends the method to consider the full 6DOF ship motions; thus, ship collision as well as grounding accidents can be properly handled. This method is particularly useful for design purposes because the detailed ship hull profile is not needed.A traditional ship maneuvering model is used for the in-plane surge, sway and yaw degrees of freedom with a series of nondimensional coefficients determined from experiments. It is assumed that the out-of-plane degrees of freedom are not coupled with the in-plane ship motions, and there is no coupling among roll, pitch and heave motions. The implementation is verified through free decay tests, and the obtained natural periods show good agreement with theoretical results.Several collision and grounding cases are simulated in which a supply vessel crashes into rigid plates with different orientations. The effects of the roll motion, the heave and pitch motions and the full 6DOF motions are studied. The results are compared with those from a 6DOF decoupled method. Ship motions through the proposed method compare reasonably well with SIMO results. It is found that several consecutive impacts may occur in the simulation of one collision case due to the periodic motions. This is not taken into account in the decoupled method, which makes this method unconservative.     

加装减摇鳍船舶横摇运动的计算研究

船舶加装减摇鳍目的是减小船舶的横摇运动.鳍的运动通过由PID控制的液压装置驱动.文章考虑了船舶的粘性阻尼系数,结合减摇鳍运动特性,通过PID控制法对加装减摇鳍船舶横摇进行预报并通过实船验证.     

粘性流中船舶横摇阻尼计算

船舶横摇阻尼的确定是准确预报船舶在波浪中运动的关键之一.本文以粘性流理论为基础,以连续性方程和N-S方程为控制方程.对Series 60船型的二维横剖面绕流进行了数值模拟,计算分析了不同工况下船体剖面的横摇阻尼系数,并与相关实验结果进行了比较.对比和研究表明,本文的方法能给出船舶横摇运动诱导的涡,船体的横摇阻尼等,可进一步拓展应用于船舶在波浪中运动的分析预报和优化设计等方面.