Numerical experiments on an ill-posed inverse problem for a given velocity around a hydrofoil by iterative and noniterative regularizations

For a given velocity distribution around a hydrofoil, the inverse problem of the hydrofoil is studied. The inverse problem is formulated by representing the hydrofoil in terms of vortices within the framework of linear potential theory. From the mathematical formulation, it is known that the inverse problem turns out to be ill-posed in the usual topology. In this paper, iterative and noniterative regularizations are applied to solve the problem and to find their suitability for the two-dimensional inverse hydrofoil problem. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the regularization methods are accurate and suitable for the inverse mathematical formulation for a given velocity distribution around a hydrofoil. Received: June 6, 2000 / Accepted: December 8, 2000     

An ill-posed inverse problem of a wing with locally given velocity data and its analysis

Using locally given vertical velocity data around a wing, an inverse formulation is presented to solve a lifting problem. The inverse problem is expressed by a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. In this paper, the kernel of the integral equation gives a Hilbert–Schmidt integral operator, and therefore the occurrence of ill-posedness in the sense of stability cannot be avoided in a normal topology. This difficulty is solved by using the regularization method for ill-posed problems. A composition mapping is introduced so that local velocity data can be available for this inverse problem. In this paper, the ill-posed inverse problem of a wing is studied using the Landweber–Friedman's regularization method within the framework of linear potential theory. A numerical example demonstrates that only with locally given velocity data is the regularization method accurate and suitable for the present physical problem of an inverse mathematical formulation. Therefore, the lifting problem can be solved by using a locally given fluid velocity instead of a wing geometry. Received: April 13, 2000 / Accepted: April 20, 2000     

动态载荷识别的自适应延迟逆模型方法

为减小载荷识别问题对原系统先验知识的依赖,采用系统的自适应延迟逆模型识别时域载荷。采用自适应算法辨识延迟逆模型,代替了一般识别方法中的系统特性矩阵求逆过程,避免了病态问题。随后将工作状态下的响应作为逆模型的输入,则其输出就是时域载荷的延迟估计。通过对两端简支梁结构进行载荷识别的仿真研究,以及对双层隔振试验台架的试验研究,识别了稳态激励和瞬态激励,验证了该方法的有效性。该方法不需要了解系统的数学模型及参数,因此能够应用于工程实践中。     

船舶机械振动源激励力的间接估计工程方法

船舶机械设备输出到船体上的激励力对船舶结构振动预报有着重要意义,文章讨论了两种间接估算激励力的方法,目的是希望在工程现场应用这些工程方法取代激励力的直接测量.对刚性安装的机器推荐采用最小二乘方法,该方法是基于支撑结构的加速度导纳特性进行估算.对弹性安装的机器而言,推荐采用基于隔振器阻抗特性的激励力间接估算方法.力的估算是逆问题,文中采用奇异值分解技术来处理会遇到的病态问题,从而尽量降低估算误差.文中还对估算的准确度、估算质量评价等进行了讨论.条件数的倒数在最小二乘法响应点的选取时可作为优选的先验判据,归一化残差可作为估算质量的后验判据.实验证明了间接估算方法是确定船舶机械激励力的恰当选择,实验结果的最小二乘法相对误差为3分贝.测试中的信噪比被认为在力估算过程中有重要影响,低信噪比很可能是实际测试时的首要误差来源.该文也可用于指导船舶振动源特性描述的研究.     

蛇形造波机计算机程序的设计

用C语言和汇编语言编制了蛇形造波机的控制和数据处理程序,用于生成规则波、斜向规则波、不规则波、斜向不规则波和多方向不规则波。介绍了驱动信号的生成、采样间隔的确定、方向函数的估计和方向谱的修正方法。     

Application of stochastic inverse theory to marine hydrodynamics

The objective of this article is to give an overview about the stochastic inverse method and its application to an ill-posed inverse problem in marine hydrodynamics. In stochastic inversion, it is possible to take into account inherent measurement and system uncertainties in the solution of an inverse problem in a very simple manner. The stochastic inverse method transforms the original inverse problem into the problem of a probabilistic question. Thus, the solution to an inverse problem is described by a distribution of the unknown parameters. These are some main differences with the deterministic inverse method. Stochastic inversion also provides lots of advantages over deterministic inverse methods such as quantitative parameter estimates, determination of confidence intervals, treatments of arbitrary forward maps, error estimates, or parameter estimates given noisy measurement data. In this work, the robust solution procedure from the perspective of the stochastic inverse method is discussed with two different ill-posed inverse problems in marine hydrodynamics.     

斜浪中二维潜体的二阶定常力

本文主要研究斜浪中作用于二维潜体（或看作为无限长的潜没柱体）上二阶定常波浪力的的力学机理和计算方法．研究表明．对圆柱而言，水平方向定常力在任意浪向中均可忽略．文中进而考察了潜没深度、浪向角和波浪频率对潜体垂向定常力的影响．同时，附带地证明了用于斜浪中二维绕射问题求解的格林函数在浪向角趋于横浪情况时可退化成横浪二维绕射问题中的格林函数．     

波浪与潮汐耦合模拟技术研究

波浪与潮汐耦合模拟技术相关研究,可为沿海防灾体系建设、灾害评估、预警及应对等提供技术支撑,对预防和减轻沿海台风暴潮和台风浪灾害具有重要的意义。回顾风暴潮和波浪物理模型试验的研究成果,分析波浪与潮汐耦合模拟的最新研究进展和发展趋势,通过将连续的风暴潮水位变化过程与加密离散后的波浪过程进行叠加,用造波机和生潮设备连续生潮造波的方法,在水槽中实现了潮位和波浪的同步变化,从而在实验室中实现波浪与潮汐的耦合模拟,并将之应用于模拟实例。     

基于OpenFOAM开源程序的无反射数值波浪水槽

基于计算流体动力学开源程序OpenFOAM,通过在质量守恒方程中添加质量源来实现域内源造波,结合VOF法捕捉自由表面,并采用阻尼消波,建立了二维无反射数值波浪水槽。算例结果表明,所建立的二维无反射数值波浪水槽可以较好地模拟行进波和立波,并且能够较好地避免边界反射及二次反射。     

非交错网格下Boussinesq方程的源函数产生波浪的方法

针对由Beji型的Boussinesq方程推导出的在计算域内产生波浪的源函数,应用有限差分法的Adams-Bashforth-Moulton预报校正格式,在非交错网格下进行数值模拟。在一维方向上进行离散,对一维平底地形和潜堤地形进行了数值模拟,数值计算结果与物理模型试验结果吻合较好,表明采用源函数的方法可以很好地在数值计算域内产生波浪。     

基于反向方法的船体冰载荷研究

船舶碰撞海冰引起的冰载荷分布是十分复杂的。文章选取Thikhonov正则化这一反向方法,根据极地科考补给船S.A Agulhas II号于2013-2014年间南极航行时实测的数据,分析得到了船体艉肩部的冰载荷。通过应用三种独立的冰载荷离散方式来模拟海冰的自然特性,在有限元中得到模型的影响矩阵,并应用Matlab对Thikhonov正则化方程进行了优化。研究结果表明,反向方法可以克服数据处理过程中的不适定性,并计算得到船体冰载荷。     

Estimations of on-site directional wave spectra from measured ship responses

In general, two main concepts can be applied to estimate the on-site directional wave spectrum on the basis of ship response measurements: (1) a parametric method which assumes the wave spectrum to be composed by parameterised wave spectra; or (2) a non-parametric method where the directional wave spectrum is found directly as the values in a completely discretised frequency-directional domain without a priori assumptions on the spectrum. The paper outlines the theory of these two concepts, and it is shown how to deal with the speed-of-advance problem for operating ships. In addition, the methods include an equivalence of energy in the governing equations and, as regards the parametric concept, a frequency-dependent spreading of the waves is introduced.The paper includes an extensive analysis of full-scale measurements for which the directional wave spectra are estimated by the two ship response-based methods. Hence, comparisons are made between these estimates and, moreover, the agreement with the corresponding directional wave spectra produced by the wave radar system WAVEX is studied. The agreement between the two methods is reasonable, as well is the agreement between the results of these methods and those of WAVEX. It is difficult to propose one of the ship response-based methods in favour of the other, since they perform equally well.     

船闸引航道推移波分析

船闸灌泄水过程中,在引航道内产生非恒定流,生成推移波,从而引起水面波动和流速、流态变化,不仅会影响船舶安全过闸,也可能对船闸自身运行和安全造成不利影响。针对这一问题,分析了推移波产生机理和传播特性,给出了推移波估算的简易方法,介绍了国外关于推移波的相关规定和降低影响的措施。     

SWT方法在内部充水弹性球壳散射的应用

采用Sommerfeld-Watson变换(SWT)方法研究了内部充水弹性球壳的散射,应用绕数积分求根方法在频率域复平面和波数域复平面求解环绕波的频散方程。比较了弹性球壳在内部真空和内部充水两种情况下环绕波相速度曲线和衰减曲线,结果表明内部流体负载使得相对于内部真空情况有大量流体环绕波产生,相邻流体环绕波相速度曲线的"排斥"现象是明显的,流体波向周围媒质的再辐射作用在其相速度接近内部真空球壳弹性环绕波相速度的时候达到局部极值。用镜反射波和环绕波的叠加合成反向散射形态函数,与简正级数解符合良好。     

透空式梳式防波堤的数值模拟和波浪透射系数的研究

基于FLUENT求解器,采用源函数造波方法建立了三维数值波浪水槽,应用不同的造波源函数生成线性波浪、二阶Stokes波浪和不规则波浪.建立了规则波浪和不规则波浪与梳式防波堤相互作用的数值模型,验证了水平波浪力折减系数和堤前反射率的数值结果;并对梳式防波堤有效减小波浪力的机理进行数值解释.对透空式梳式防波堤的透浪特性进行...     

Higher-order boundary element method for the interaction of a floating body with both waves and slow current

A hybrid boundary element method is suggested to solve the problem of the interaction of floating structures with both waves and slow current. A pulsating source and its mirror image referring to the sea bottom are adopted as the Green's function. The velocity potentials are expanded into an eigenfunction expansion in the outer region of the fluid domain while higher order elements are used to discretize the boundary surface surrounding the inner region. The method is validated by comparing calculated results for a circular cylinder with the semi-analytical solutions. The method is then applied to ellipsoids of various breadth and draft to investigate the influence of body shape on the wave drift damping.     

基于Laguerre函数对圆柱面绕射势的数值逼近

无限深圆柱表面绕射势沿水深方向的变化是连续的、不断衰减的。基于无穷区间Laguerre多项式并引入的伸缩系数s定义了Laguerre函数,既保证了函数在无穷区间的正交性,又使函数具有灵活性。绕射势的变化,可以用一系列Laguerre函数表示成级数形式。文中对该方法的收敛性进行了证明,并以一条FPSO为例对其在圆柱面的绕射势进行了逼近。求解级数展开式的系数时会遇到无穷积分问题,采用多次使用Gauss-Legendre积分和Gauss-Laguerre积分相结合的方法代替传统的Gauss-Laguerre积分方法,获得更高的积分精度。利用Laguerre函数可以对Rankine源法或者Rankine-Kelvin法的控制面上速度势进行逼近。     

A practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures

Container ship structures are characterized by large hatch openings. Due to this structural property, they are subject to large diagonal deformations of hatch openings and warping stresses under complex torsional moments in waves. This necessitates torsional strength assessment of hull girder of container ships in their structural design stage. In this paper, a practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures with transparent and consistent background is discussed based on the results from up-to-date analyses. In order to estimate the torsional response characteristics as accurately as possible, three-dimensional Rankine source method, after being validated by tank tests, is employed for estimation of wave loads on a container ship, and FE analyses are conducted on the entire-ship model under the estimated loads. Then, a dominant regular wave condition under which the torsional response of the container ship becomes maximum is specified. Design loads for torsional strength assessment that give torsional response equivalent to the long-term predicted values of torsional response are investigated based on the torsional moments on several container ships under the specified dominant wave condition. An appropriate combination of stress components to estimate the total hull girder stress is also discussed.     

超低频雷达反演海洋内波波长和振幅

利用超低频雷达探测海洋内波是海洋内波探测的新方法,该方法使用1Hz～100Hz频段的电磁波探测海洋内波并反演得到内波振幅和波长等参数.根据超低频电磁波在海水中、海气界面和内波界面处的传播特性以及海洋内波水下结构特点,建立了超低频雷达反演海洋内波振幅、波长模型,并分析了探测的回波信号,仿真结果表明,使用超低频雷达可以反演得到内波振幅和波长.     

The estimation of wave elevation and wave disturbance caused by the wave orbital motion of a fully submerged hydrofoil craft

The current control system of a fully submerged hydrofoil craft has manual input of fore-foil depth and control mode selection to improve the performance of the control system. However, the manual input needs skillful human operation and observation of waves the encountered to work well over a wide range of waves. In order to use information about the waves encountered in the control system, we considered the estimation of wave elevation and wave disturbance which was caused by the orbital motion of the waves in irregular waves. First, we investigated the wave disturbance by a fully submerged hydrofoil craft, in a state-space model of wave disturbance, and in hydrofoil craft motion, etc. We than considered estimations of the wave elevation and wave disturbance using a shaping filter, a Kalman filter, an autoregressive (AR) model, etc. Finally, we confirmed through simulations that the estimation results and estimation error of wave elevation and wave disturbance were valid.