柴油发电机运行控制模型研究

决定柴油发电机组发电质量的因素有很多,其中之一是柴油机转速的控制质量。本文首先研究柴油发电机组硬件在仿真系统中的原理框架,接着通过研究实际的柴油机样本,基于NARX建模理论,建立了柴油发电机组的仿真模型。最后通过仿真模型获得的数据设计柴油发电机的转速调节装置,实现柴油发电机组各发电机转速动态调节的作用。     

基于AHP的舰艇柴油发电机组综合评估及实践

为了舰艇在特定时期执行任务需求及更好的指导柴油发电机组状态维修，论文首先分析了柴油机及附属系统典型故障；其次，分析发电机及附属系统典型故障；最后，结合层次分析法（AHP）和专家打分机制确定各指标权重值，建立舰艇柴油发电机组综合性能评估模型。通过层次分析法（AHP）对舰船柴油发电机组综合评估，解决单一指标在舰船柴油发电机组评估性能的不足。通过对某型船实例分析验证了该方法的合理性及符合状态评估指导状态维修工程实践。     

港口柴油发电机组滑油离心滤器故障分析

为解决海南某港口柴油发电机组故障起火问题,对起火原因进行分析。起火原因是滑油旁通离心滤器中心轴断裂、滤器破损导致滑油喷射至柴油机排气高温部位。为了保证柴油发电机组正常运行,应采取有效措施,加强滑油离心滤器的保养,并将外部滑油分油机投入使用,从而降低柴油发电机组故障频率。     

柴油发电机组并联运行典型故障分析

文章根据近十年船舶柴油发电机组控制系统及船舶电站系统修理经验,结合实际工作中遇到的柴油发电机组并联运行中出现的典型故障,从原理进行分析,梳理出典型故障的解决方法,通过实践验证后为后续修理工作提供有价值的参考。     

脉冲性负荷柴油发电机组特性分析

[目的]舰船系统的电能质量会受到脉冲性负荷的极大影响。脉冲性负荷种类、功率不同,其运行特性、影响及其解决方法也会有很大差异。为此,针对平均功率变化不大、可等效为恒稳负荷的雷达,[方法]提出采用柴油发电机组固有的机械储能来平抑其功率波动,通过对柴油发电机组工作特性进行研究和分析,找到调速器介入前、后的转速跌落、恢复规律和稳态过程转速的变化率,以得出利用柴油发电机组固有的机械储能来平抑负荷功率波动的量化标准。基于测量船雷达的实际工况,按照得到的量化标准计算出所配置柴油发电机组的容量及其性能指标,并通过2个典型工况仿真来验证理论推导的正确性。[结果]研究结果说明:在突加最严重工况下,对于2台柴油机以上带雷达阵面的负荷,在该工况下可满足突加功率时的转速特性,变化率可忽略不计;在波动最严重工况下,1台柴油机带雷达阵面的负荷,在该工况下可满足突加功率时的转速特性,转速变化率在允许范围内,且系统电压特性满足指标要求。[结结论]研究结果对于该类脉冲性负荷柴油发电机组在设计时的初步估算具有一定的指导意义。     

基于AMEsim的船用柴油发电机组仿真

柴油发电机组中柴油机与发电机相互耦合连接为一个整体,二者对机组的电能品质输出均具有重要的影响。以往柴油发电机组的仿真过程中,对柴油机部分的仿真总是处于欠缺或不够精确,基于此,文章引入系统建模与仿真软件AMEsim作为现有机组仿真方法的补充,对某柴油发电机组进行了详细的系统建模与仿真,并分析了机组在负载变化时输出电压、转速等参数的变化特性。结果表明,利用AMEsim软件建立的模型具有较高的仿真精度,可作为柴油发电机组设计与研究的辅助手段。     

核电应急柴油发电机组监控系统设计

为了检测柴油发电机组的冷态状态、运行参数,控制柴油发电机的运行以及励磁,并进行故障保护,本文设计了由机旁速度控制柜、柴油发电机状态监控台以及发电机电压转速测验台组成的监控系统,配合现场操作人员实现对核电应急柴油发电机组的检验,实现了机组的自动化操作,控制、检测到的数据精确,故障保护措施齐全。     

大扰动下船舶柴油发电机组非线性建模与仿真

针对目前船舶柴油发电机组普遍采用低阶数学模型,在大扰动下分析计算时会造成误差偏大的缺陷。在分析船舶柴油发电机组系统构成的基础上,建立同步发电机、柴油机及调速系统和励磁系统的七阶非线性数学模型,采用隐式梯形积分法并用C#编程求解发电机组的非线性数学模型。在求解模型的基础上,画出船舶柴油发电机组在大扰动下的转速和电压变化仿真曲线,分析比较该曲线的各项指标,结果表明各项性能指标均在规范要求范围内,进一步验证了该数学模型的有效性。     

柴油发电机组并联运行典型故障及原因分析

船舶发电机之间有功功率和无功功率的合理分配,是船舶发电机组稳定并联运行的必要条件之一。文章结合多年船舶柴油发电机组修理及船舶电站调试经验,对柴油发电机组并联运行中出现的典型故障进行分析,并提出了排除故障的方法。     

船用柴油机冒黑烟及熄火故障分析与解决方案研究

柴油机组出现故障,如何在第一时间内判断故障产生的原因,是处理解决柴油机故问题的先决条件,直接决定了柴油机修理时效及成本。冒黑烟是柴油机常见的故障,其发生与柴油燃烧不全密切相关,处理这一故障时需要逐项排除,查找原因。     

Experimental uncertainty of a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal in a port

This paper presents the uncertainty modelling of experimental results for a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal inside a port. The physical model was built for an oil terminal at the port of Leixões in Portugal. The model incorporates the new modified port layout, as well as a future 300 m extension of the port outer north breakwater to enhance operational conditions. The physical model tests were performed on a scale of 1:80 in the Portuguese Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC). A generic mooring system of four mooring lines and two fenders is simulated using a nonlinear spring system. Decay tests are carried out to evaluate the natural periods of the moored model. Then, tests are carried out for the moored model in waves. The major aim of the experimental study is to obtain novel results for the wave elevation and direction at various locations inside the port, the ship motions at six degrees of freedom, and loads on mooring lines and fenders including the modified port layout. As the physical model measurements are subjected to different types of uncertainties, a systematic uncertainty analysis is carried out here, following ITTC guidelines and recommendations, to quantify all possible sources of uncertainties. The results are discussed, and several conclusions are reached. Based on the experimental results, the presented physical model study may replicate the results for waves and motions with uncertainties less than 9% of the significant amplitudes. The assessment of the applied nonlinear spring model reveals load predictions on the moorings, with uncertainties less than 4% of the maximum mooring loads.     

船用柴油发电机模拟机的设计

柴油发电机是舰船上重要的电源装置,它的性能直接影响到船上的电力系统性能。本文以某船用12相、8极柴油发电机为原型,详细阐述了其模拟机的设计方法。其模拟机的研制,对船上电力系统动态模拟和研究、船用柴油发电机的设计和研制提供了新的手段。     

电缆燃烧性能的实验与仿真研究

在剖析电缆火灾原因的基础上,利用实验方法对阻燃电缆的阻燃性能进行了研究,得出了其在火焰中具有良好的抗火能力;之后利用破坏性实验进一步证明了阻燃电缆的良好抗火性能;然后利用FDS火灾模拟软件对无电缆参与的火灾和有电缆参与的火灾进行了仿真研究,得出了电缆在火灾中是否被引燃主要取决于是否与火焰直接接触的结论;最后,建议人们在电缆防火设计时,重点关注那些容易接触火焰的电缆。     

一种异步电动机故障诊断系统设计

文章分析了传统故障诊断系统的特点，介绍了一种高分辨率谱估计算法-MUSIC算法，并针对该算法特点，提出了一种基于ARM微处理器的异步电动机嵌入式故障诊断系统，重点阐述了系统硬件电路和软件系统的设计，并进行了实验验证。结果表明系统具有硬件电路简单、可操作性较强、实时性可靠等优点。     

Characteristics of a bubble jet near a vertical wall

A numerical model of a coupled bubble jet and wall was built on the assumption of potential flow and calculated by the boundary integral method. A three-dimensional computing program was then developed. Starting with the basic phenomenon of the interaction between a bubble and a wall, the dynamics of bubbles near rigid walls were studied systematically with the program. Calculated results agreed well with experimental results. The relationship between the Bjerknes effect of a wall and characteristic parameters was then studied and the calculated results of various cases were compared and discussed with the Blake criterion based on the Kelvin-impulse theory. Our analyses show that the angle of the jet＇s direction and the pressure on the rigid wall have a close relationship with collapse force and the bubble＇s characteristic parameters. From this, the application range of Blake criterion can be determined. This paper aims to provide a basis for future research on the dynamics of bubbles near a wall.     

Study of a simple sensor for stress history measurements of a structural member using a piezoelectric element

This paper describes a stress sensor using a piezoelectric element which was developed to monitor features of the stress history of a structural member. The sensor is 90 mm long, 60 mm wide, and 25 mm thick. A stress-level meter can turn on and off different colored light-emitting diodes (LED) according to the changes in a stress level. A stress-level cross counter can display the number of cycles which exceeds a specified stress level during a monitoring period. The sensor is bonded onto a structural member using an adhesive agent. In order to see the performance of the prototype sensor, experiments were carried out using a fatigue-testing machine. The sensor was bonded onto a smooth specimen and multiple repeated stresses were applied to that specimen. There were three main findings. (1) The sensor can operate under a stress range from −150 MPa to 150 MPa, and a frequency from 0.05 Hz to 5 Hz. (2) The stress-level meter can turn the lights of the LED on and off accurately under any stress amplitude and frequency. (3) When the stress frequency is 1 Hz or less, the stress-level cross counter can count accurately the number of cycles which exceed the predetermined stress levels. Received: February 25, 2000 / Accepted: April 11, 2000     

一类运输优化问题求解过程分析

通过对运输决策问题中某种基本情况的研究，建立运力有限情况下单个需求点单一物资运输的研究模型，给出求解模型的算法，通过一个算例进行了验证。与目前文献资料中类似研究模型相比较，在决策中考虑运达概率对运输决策的影响是本文模型的一大突出特点。     

高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室的排放特性

为优化某船用柴油机的燃烧室的"油-气-室"匹配,降低有害物排放,运用AVL Fire对原型燃烧室改用不同燃烧室进行额定工况模拟.结果表明,高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室能在上涡流室形成"飞轮效应",相对于原型燃烧室,不仅能增加功率,而且能降低Nox和SOOT的排放.对高低型双涡流室双缩口燃烧室设置不同的高低涡流室的半径比r/R和喷油夹角进行计算.结果表明:随着r/R从0.3增加到1.3,Nox和SOOT的排放量均先减少后增多;当r/R为0.7时,Nox和SOOT的排放量均最少.当喷油夹角为140°～165°时,随着喷油夹角的增大,Nox的排放量先减少后增加,随后再减少,最后又升高;SOOT排放量先减小后增大,随后再减小.     

两层流体中运动物体的兴波特性

研究了在两层流体中定常运动的三维物体产生的内波尾流场特性.在势流理论假设下,基于Green第三公式,建立了一组基于Rankine源的分层变形边界积分方程,提出了一种基于四节点双线性等参元的数值实现方法,有效地处理了在场点处立体角的计算和数值积分中的奇异性问题.对定常运动三维球体产生的表面波和内界面波进行了数值模拟,并与定常运动点源的结果进行了比较.