The crack tip fields of Mode Ⅱ stationary growth crack on bimaterial interface

A mechanical model is established for mode Ⅱ interfacial crack static growing along an elastic-elastic power law creeping bimaterial interface. For frictional contact of boundary conditions on crack faces, asymptotic solutions of the stresses and strains of near tip-crack are got. It was shown that in stable creep growing phase, elastic deformation and viscous deformation are equally dominant in the near-tip field, the stress and strain have the same singularity and there is not the oscillatory singularity the field. Through numerical calculation, it is shown that the frictional coefficient η notably influence the crack-tip field.     

Analysis of signal-obtaining error factor of sensor in gyro

The digital signal-obtaining for gyroscope is given. The single optic-fiber sensor via modulating intensity of light is used as measuring eonlponent . The influence on static transmission properties resulting from the special working environnlent （e. g. cryogenic and vacuum） ,the measure error because of tile reflector shape of rotor,the abnormity of facula from sensor caused by the existence of engraving error,and tile fixing error of sensor and the error of machine tool＇s initial lignnlent are investigated. The mathematic model in every condition is founded, the simulation and relative experiments ale done and the outeome is analyzed. The mathematic model and method of compensating technology are studied and some relative experiments are made. The result of study is usefid to improvement of the signal-obtaining system.     

Electric Propulsion and Dynamic Positioning Significantly Improve the Total Performance of a Ship

In 1935, the Nomandie won the Blue Ribbon for a transatlantic crossing at 30.31 knots, with a 120,000kW electric propulsion system supplied by ALSTOM. Since then, the advance of power electronics mainly in the field of AC drives has allowed more ships to befitted with electric propulsion. This paper describes the ALSTOM products used in the Diesel-electric propulsion system, Mermaid Pod system, dynamic positioning system and their influences on the ship performances.     

The research on signal-obtaining pattern for a new type of gyroscope

In this paper, a photoelectric signal obtained scheme via equator triangle pattern engraved on rotor is discussed and the mathematic model is deduced in the case which is deflexion between rotor axis and the coordinate frame of case. The deflexion error and coupling error under the situation are analyzed. Finally, three methods of engraving based on the spherical triangle pattern are presented. The error models of various methods are built up and the simulation curves are provided respectively. We have done the primary experiments on the surface of rotor using this method. It can be seen from the enlarged figures that the rim of the pattern is smooth and the demand of sensor resolution is satisfied by and large. The results of study supply reference for signal obtaining.     

Free transverse vibration analysis of an underwater launcher based on fluid-structure interaction

A pneumatic launcher is theoretically investigated to study its natural transverse vibration in water. Considering the mass effect of the sealing cover, the launcher is simplified as a uniform cantilever beam with a top point mass. By introducing the boundary and continuity conditions into the motion equation, the natural frequency equation and the mode shape function are derived. An iterative calculation method for added mass is also presented using the velocity potential function to account for the mass effect of the fluid on the launcher. The first 2 order natural frequencies and mode shapes are discussed in external flow fields and both external and internal flow fields. The results show good agreement with both natural frequencies and mode shapes between the theoretical analysis and the FEM studies. Also, the added mass is found to decrease with the increase of the mode shape orders of the launcher. And because of the larger added mass in both the external and internal flow fields than that in only the external flow field, the corresponding natural frequencies of the former are relatively smaller.     

基于自适应平方根 CKF 的多传感器混合融合算法(英文)

In the normal operation condition, a conventional square-root cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) gives sufficiently good estimation results. However, if the measurements are not reliable, the SRCKF may give inaccurate results and diverges by time. This study introduces an adaptive SRCKF algorithm with the filter gain correction for the case of measurement malfunctions. By proposing a switching criterion, an optimal filter is selected from the adaptive and conventional SRCKF according to the measurement quality. A subsystem soft fault detection algorithm is built with the filter residual. Utilizing a clear subsystem fault coefficient, the faulty subsystem is isolated as a result of the system reconstruction. In order to improve the performance of the multi-sensor system, a hybrid fusion algorithm is presented based on the adaptive SRCKF. The state and error covariance matrix are also predicted by the priori fusion estimates, and are updated by the predicted and estimated information of subsystems. The proposed algorithms were applied to the vessel dynamic positioning system simulation. They were compared with normal SRCKF and local estimation weighted fusion algorithm. The simulation results show that the presented adaptive SRCKF improves the robustness of subsystem filtering, and the hybrid fusion algorithm has the better performance. The simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.     

AFM试样复合加载下的计算断裂分析(英文)

Fracture processes in ship-building structures are in many cases of a 3-D character.A finite element (FE) model of an all fracture mode (AFM) specimen was built for the study of 3-D mixed mode crack fracture behavior including modes I,II,and III.The stress intensity factors (SIFs) were calculated by the modified virtual crack closure integral (MVCCI) method,and the crack initiation angle assessment was based on a recently developed 3-D fracture criterion––the Richard criterion.It was shown that the FE model of the AFM-specimen is applicable for investigations under general mixed mode loading conditions,and the computational results of crack initiation angles are in agreement with some available experimental findings.Thus,the applicability of the FE model of the AFM-specimen for mixed mode loading conditions and the validity of the Richard criterion can be demonstrated.     

Asymptotic field of mode Ⅱ dynamic growing crack in visco-elastic material

A mechanical model of visco-elastic material is established in order to investigate viscous effect in dynamic growing crack-tip field of mode Ⅱ. It is shown that in stable creep growing phase, elastic deformation and viscous deformation are equally dominant in the near-tip field, the stress and strain have the same singularity, namely, (σε) ∝r^-1/(n-1). The asymptotic solutions of separatied variables of stress, stain and displacement in crack-tip field are obtained by asymptotic analysis, and the results of numerical value of stress and strain in crack-tip field are obtained by shooting method. Through numerical calculation, it is shown that the near-tip fields are mainly governed by the creep exponent n and Mach number M. By the asymptotic analysis to the crack-tip field, the fracture criterion of mode Ⅱ dynamic growing crack of visco-elastic materials is put forward from the point of view of strain.     

Ocean planning focuses on scientific and technological innovations

With the advent of the 21st century,human beings have entered into a new era of large-scale ocean development. All competitions in terms of oceans are essentially competitions in science and technology,whatever the purpose is,either political or economic or military. Developing oceanic science and technology,especially high technology of oceans,has become an essential part of the world's new technologi-cal revolution. In the 11th Five-Year Plan period,China will take scientific develop-ment as the key instrument to develop our oceanic undertakings and use the inno-vative ability as the strategic base of science and technology development. In this context,innovation and re-innovation will become the central links in adjusting the oceanic industry structure and transforming the growth mode of oceanic economy.     

Analytical and experimental study of free vibration of beams carrying multiple masses and springs

The structures in engineering can be simplified intoelastic beams with concentrated masses and elastic spring supports.Studying the law of vibration of the beams can be a help in guidingits design and avoiding resonance. Based on the Laplace transformmethod, the mode shape functions and the frequency equations ofthe beams in the typical boundary conditions are derived. Acantilever beam with a lumped mass and a spring is selected toobtain its natural frequencies and mode shape functions. Anexperiment was conducted in order to get the modal parameters ofthe beam based on the NExT-ERA method. By comparing theanalytical and experimental results, the effects of the locations ofthe mass and spring on the modal parameter are discussed. Thevariation of the natural frequencies was obtained with the changingstiffness coefficient and mass coefficient, respectively. The findingsprovide a reference for the vibration analysis methods and thelumped parameters layout design of elastic beams used inengineering.     

基于DSP的船舶电力推进系统滤波装置控制器设计

小型船舶电力系统中非线性负载多、谐波污染严重。针对这一情况,本文设计一款基于DSP的电力系统滤波装置控制器,该控制器结构简单,稳定性好,实验证明该控制器能有效降低谐波污染,具有一定实用价值。     

基于扩张观测器的船舶动力定位系统反演滑模变结构控制

针对海洋平台船舶动力定位控制系统,结合反演滑模控制与扩张观测器的优势,提出一种基于扩张观测器的船舶动力定位反演滑模控制方法.考虑到系统存在未知外部干扰以及船舶模型参数不确定性的问题,将系统分为内环观测器和外环控制器分别设计,首先利用扩张观测器估计系统的未知状态及不确定项,然后在外环的反演滑模控制器中进行补偿,最后用Lyapunov方法证明系统的稳定性.通过船舶定点控制仿真实验表明,基于扩张状态观测器的反演滑模控制器使得船舶纵荡和横荡的位置及首摇角度逐渐保持在期望值,具有较强的鲁棒性和控制性,能够有效抑制传统滑模控制的抖振问题,有益于船舶工程应用.     

水下通信定位导航技术分析及一体化展望

水下通信定位导航技术在海洋勘测、资源开发、海洋环境保护以及海洋军事行动等各种作业任务中都发挥着重要作用。本文通过对近年来水下通信技术和水下定位导航技术的文献进行收集整理,从而对以上技术进行分析,并且着重分析水下定位导航技术中的几种不同的方向。最后对水下通信定位导航一体化设计中所需要解决的关键技术进行分析及展望,对形成水下通信定位导航一体化组网、进一步提高水下通信的距离与可靠性以及提升定位导航的精确度提供研究基础。     

基于实船抗爆炸冲击试验的爆源定位方法

对实船抗爆炸冲击试验中鱼雷爆炸点的几种定位方法进行了阐述,并结合实船抗某型鱼雷爆炸冲击试验的实际测量情况,对各种定位方法的应用效果、适用条件进行了综合比较和分析,提出了实船抗爆炸冲击试验爆炸点定位测量的一种有效方法,适用于其他实船抗爆炸冲击试验和其他型号鱼雷实航打靶试验,具有通用性和推广价值。     

船舶动力定位模拟器自动定位功能研究与实现

为了自主研发功能完备、扩展性好的船舶动力定位模拟器,分析船舶动力定位模拟器中各个模块的功能,对现有航海模拟器的系统架构进行改进,提出适用于多单元协同仿真的船舶动力定位模拟器系统架构。根据动力定位系统自动定位模式的原理,设计动力定位控制器和推力分配算法,提出使用 Direct2D图形技术来设计动力定位人机交互界面。最后在所设计的动力定位模拟器系统架构下,以1艘动力定位供给船为仿真对象实现在不同海况条件下的自动定位功能和系统信息显示,并验证算法的有效性。     

北斗双星定位算法精度的研究

通过对北斗双星导航定位系统定位原理进行研究,分析传统双星定位的三种算法,其本质都为由迭代运算计算出用户所在的位置。为比较定位算法的精度,在卫星的工作区域内选取有代表性的点,采用三种定位算法分别求出近似解和真值之差,得出算法定位误差。提出采用对定位误差的协方差矩阵取F-范数,比较三种定位算法的精度。仿真结果表明,三种定位算法精度接近,计算时间、程序量相当。从精度、计算时间和程序量三个指标综合考虑,得出三点交会法优于其他两种算法。     

一种改进的卡尔曼滤波定位算法研究

研究了一种改进的卡尔曼滤波导航信号定位算法:通过测量每次接收机得到的伪距观测量及伪距变化量,估算出接收机的位置、速度,实现无线电导航系统的定位解算.该方法不直接使用卡尔曼滤波器来估计载体的状态,而是用滤波器来确定状态的误差,减小了运算误差,有效提高了定位精度.在进行参数估计时不需要贮存大量的测量数据,能够方便地进行动态测量数据的实时处理.该方法已经应用在导航定位解算中,仿真结果和实际应用验证了该方法具有快的收敛速度和高的定位精度.     

基于解析解的GPS伪距量测定位趋近算法

用几何方法,给出了二维、三维测距定位问题解的解析表达式,在此解析解的基础上对GPS测码伪距定位问题提出一种趋近计算方法,并讨论了其收敛性,给出了其收敛的一个充分条件和解析求解中多解的裁决方法.     

1000T自升式风电安装船动力定位系统的设计

风电安装船在风场中不同机位之间迁移和定位过程中受到环境载荷的作用，需要设计合理的定位方案以满足定位要求。根据动力定位原理设计了1000t自升式风电安装船的动力定位方案，计算了风、浪、流的环境载荷及推进器推力值并进行比较。实际工程应用表明改定位系统的设计方案在一定的海况条件下满足动力定位的精度，航速也能达到风场中不同机位的迁移，具有良好的机动性，在风电安装船初期制定方案时指明方向和解决思路。     

半潜平台推力器失效模式下的动力定位能力分析

动力定位能力分析对于推力器选型和推力器的配置选型,以及对于一条新设计的动力定位船舶的定位能力的初步检验具有重要意义。动力定位能力分析能够得到船舶在各个艏向角抵抗环境力的能力。文章通过自主开发的程序研究了半潜平台在推力器失效模式下的定位能力,对该程序中的推力分配方法进行了详细的阐述,并对某半潜平台的动力定位能力分析验证了该程序的可行性。研究推力器失效时船舶的动力定位能力,不但可以验证船舶定位时的安全性,而且还可以为推力系统的设计提供适当的建议。