基于FTA的渔船海损事故分析

事故树分析(FTA)是一种重要而常用的系统安全分析方法。将该方法运用到了渔船海事分析中,并以渔船触礁事故为例运用事故树描述事故的因果关系,进行定性分析,确定出事故的主要因素,提出了事故的控制措施。研究结果表明,在渔船海损事故分析中应用事故树分析方法,有利于对事故的全面分析,便于找出引发事故的直接原因,总结经验,提出事故预防措施,降低事故发生率,保障渔业生产的健康发展。     

船舶事故的特点与原因分析

文章在分析船舶运行环境特点的基础上,从事故船舶种类、事故类型、故障部位、故障模式、事故原因等几个方面综合探讨了船舶事故的特点,并从系统安全工程学的角度对船舶事故的影响因素进行了分析,为预防船舶事故提供了安全管理的重点,最后展望了船舶事故未来的研究方向。     

基于事故树分析的深水工作船作业安全管理

为提高深水工作船的作业安全管理水平,采用事故树分析法对一深水工作船的事故案例进行分析.通过对该事故的分析,建立了一套全面的事故树体系,并对其进行定性分析,得出该事故树的最小割集、最小径集以及各基本事件的结构重要度.利用事故树分析方法得出了导致该事故发生的直接和潜在原因.并根据事故树推导出该事故的成功树,依此得出相应的事故预防措施,为深水工作船的安全作业提供了保障依据,有助于我国深水发展战略的顺利实施.     

基于风险的舰船火灾爆炸评估方法研究

对目前基于风险的舰船火灾、爆炸风险评估方法进行了讨论和归纳.对如何进行舰船火灾、爆炸事故的危险源辨识进行了分析,并对该类事故危险源进行了归类.提出了舰船火灾、爆炸事故风险接受准则确立的建议,并将FTA法应用于舰船火灾、爆炸事故评估,构造了整个事故的故障树以及研究框图.从风险的角度评估及减少舰船火灾、爆炸事故提出了建议,指出了舰船火灾爆炸事故研究的方向.     

8M601型船舶主机抱轴事故分析

文章介绍了8M601型船舶主机抱轴事故的经过,并就主机抱轴事故原因进行了分析,此次主机抱轴事故纯属人为事故,警示船东要切实地执行ISM规则,以防止类似事故的发生。     

英国海事调查分析方法的介绍

受中国海事局的委派,笔者参加了为期6个月的英国海事调查局(MAIB)的交流学习,并参加了克兰菲尔德大学举办的事故调查官的基本培训。系统地学习了事故调查的基本分析方法,并在后来的MAIB交流工作中运用事故分析方法进行事故分析,基本掌握了事故分析方法。笔者希望通过本文同国内的事故调查官进行交流,以达到共同提高的目的。     

高处坠落事故的原因分析和防范措施

高处坠落事故是建筑施工伤亡事故的主要原因,有效防止高处坠落事故对预防建筑施工安全事故有着十分重要的意义.本文通过对某地区建筑业连续12年发生重大高出坠落伤亡事故的统计,突出了在建筑业"五大伤害"事故中高处坠落事故的发生率最高、危险性极大,将发生高处坠落事故的原因分为个性原因和共性原因,并且进行了比较科学的分析,并列举了发生高处坠落事故的几个常见原因,针对高处坠落事故发生的成因提出了一些预防措施,希望通过对高处坠落事故的原因分析和预防措施进行探讨,能够减少和避免高处坠落事故的发生.     

国外交通运输安全生产事故调查机制研究及启示

事故调查是查明事故原因,吸取事故教训,防范事故重复发生的关键环节。为充分借鉴国外交通运输事故调查机制的有益经验,完善我国事故调查机制,科学、客观、准确的把握新时期事故的发展趋势和特征,科学防范事故发生,本文系统研究了国外典型的交通运输安全生产事故调查机制模式,深入总结分析其中的共性特征,并结合我国具体国情,提出了进一步完善事故调查机制的对策建议。     

客滚船事故原因分析及应急措施

作为现代使用广泛的运输工具,客滚船对于人们的重要性越来越明显。因此我们要及时采取合理的措施来处理客滚船发生的事故。本文分析了客滚船的功能和经常发生的事故的特点,分析了事故原因,给出了针对事故的应急处理措施,以期更好地应对突发事故的发生。     

“建设12”轮右5舱爆燃事故的调查与思考

对“建设12”轮的油舱爆燃事故进行了分析,指出了这起事故发生的原因是由于向空油舱注油引起的,同时,分 析了事故发生的有关其他原因,提出了预防和避免此类事故的措施。     

Determinants of the property damage costs of bulk barge accidents

This study investigates determinants of the vessel, cargo, and other-property damage costs of bulk barge accidents in US inland waterways. Tobit estimation of a three-equation recursive model suggests that, in bulk barge accidents: (1) vessel damage cost is greater for collision, fire/explosion, and material/equipment failure accidents than for groundings; (2) cargo damage cost is greater at night and when the weather is foggy and increases with barge age; and (3) otherproperty damage cost is greater for multi-vessel accidents, but decreases with barge size. A dollar of vessel damage cost increases other-property damage cost by $1.38, while a dollar of cargo damage cost increases this cost by $6.90. An important result for formulating bulk barge accident cost-reduction policies is that a given determinant might have a negative effect on one type of damage cost but a positive effect on another.     

灰色系统理论在海上交通事故预测中的应用

以某港口2001～2007年海上交通事故统计数据为依据,应用灰色系统预测理论,建立该港口海上交通事故的GM(1,1)模型和UGM(1,1)模型,进行定量计算,结合定性分析,从而预测出该港口2008年海上交通事故的数量,以及2008年各种海上交通事故的比例.     

台湾海峡水域搁浅事故的方差分析

船舶搁浅事故造成的经济损失和海洋环境污染是台湾海峡水域主要危害之一.为减少搁浅事故的发生,使台湾海峡水域的船舶航行更安全、海洋环境更清洁,以台湾海峡水域搁浅事故为例,在统计分析船舶搁浅事故特征的基础上,选用方差分析法对搁浅事故因素相关性和差异性进行了系统的分析.提出了台湾海峡水域搁浅事故中人为因素所占比例最高,水深不足...     

同一水域两起船舶碰撞事故引发的思考

广州港沙角水域发生了两起大型拖带船组碰撞锚泊船的事故，其发生的时间、地点、性质有惊人的相似之处，本文从两起事故的共同点出发进行了详尽的原因分析，并提出了在狭窄水道进行大型拖航时应采取的安全措施。     

The analysis of life safety and economic loss in marine accidents occurring in the Turkish Straits

The increase in the world's trading capacity, which has been spurred by globalization, has caused problems in marine transportation, namely congestion. Despite the safety measures currently in place, marine accidents are still not being prevented. This study focuses on marine accidents in the Turkish Straits that have done serious harm to humans, the natural environment, and the economy. To reduce the negative impacts mentioned above, this study considered the most common types of accidents, their causes, and their results. For this purpose, 850 serious marine accidents, which took place in the Turkish Straits between the years of 2001 and 2010 (as recorded by the Undersecretaries for Maritime Affairs), have been analyzed and the data obtained have been systematically tabulated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. According to the data, the most significant cause of marine accidents in the Turkish Straits is human error. This study proposes measures to ensure that ship personnel are competent, mentally and physically, to navigate narrow and dangerous waterways in order to minimize the amount of accidents caused by human error.     

港口工程重大事故隐患辨识的研究

我国目前尚未制定港口工程重大事故隐患辨识的相关规定或标准,人们对港口工程重大事故隐患的认定没有统一的认识,差异很大,为此,提出了港口工程重大事故隐患辨识的3种研究方法(事故演绎、事故隐患风险评估和专家咨询),为以后制定港口工程重大事故隐患辨识标准提供了技术支持。     

Causes of casualties and the regulation of occupational health and safety in the shipping industry

The aim of this paper is to investigate maritime safety from an occupational hazards perspective as opposed to a maritime casualty perspective. It is recognised that safety in shipping should encompass casualties arising from accidents occurring in the course of performing normal seafaring duties, not just those arising from technical defects or maritime disasters. The paper discusses an investigation involving a survey of 19 flag states and two detailed studies of records kept at the Hong Kong and Singapore maritime administrations. The results indicate that occupational accidents account for a significant proportion of fatalities at sea. The statistics presented specify the ship types that are most at risk, as well as the types of occupational hazards that can most frequently lead to accidents and fatalities. The results of this study indicate voids in the process of investigating fatalities that relate to occupational accidents. These results also indicate inadequate investigation of events and causes. The creation of a database of such information could potentially be used for the development of appropriate regulations that could prevent fatal and non-fatal occupational accidents through regulatory processes.     

对我国《船舶交通事故统计规则》中事故分类的再设计

通过对比我国与IMO对船舶事故分类类别和各类事故定义的不同,指出我国《船舶交通事故统计规则》中事故分类存在的缺陷,并对船舶交通事故类别进行了重新划分。     

Determinants of the severity of passenger vessel accidents

This study investigates determinants of the number of injured, deceased and missing occupants and the damage cost of passenger vessel accidents that were investigated by the US Coast Guard for the years 1991-2001. Negative binomial and Poisson regression estimates suggest that: (1) passenger-freight combination vessel accidents incur greater injuries than other types of passenger vessels, (2) deaths are greater when precipitation weather and poor visibility exist and (3) missing occupants are greater for capsize accidents and larger the vessel. The damage cost per vessel gross ton is less for ocean cruise and steel-hulled vessels. The major conclusion of the study is that human (as opposed to environmental and vessel) causes of passenger vessel accidents result in increases in the number of injured, deceased and missing occupants.     

舟山辖区事故多发原因与对策

最近5年来,舟山辖区发生重大事故16起,死亡130人。文中通过对这期间辖区发生的123起一般等级及以上事故进行的归类统计和逐案剖析,对辖区事故的成因、规律及对策进行了深入研究,并提出了应采取的预警预防预控等措施。