大型集装箱船舷侧外飘砰击特性研究

基于概率随机理论研究大型集装箱船舷侧外飘砰击特性,预报不同海况和航速情况下船舶非线性运动响应时历,采用Chuang理论计算船艏舷侧区域的外飘砰击压力,对随机海浪下集装箱船外飘砰击概率、砰击压力极值沿船长和高度方向空间分布规律进行分析,在直接预报的基础上给出载荷的确定方法。     

适用于超大型集装箱船的外飘砰击规范要求对比

针对超大型集装箱船在恶劣海况下航行时的外飘砰击问题,总结目前各船级社规范的外飘砰击强度校核要求的特点,以某超大型集装箱船为例,对适用各规范要求下的砰击压力和最小板厚要求进行计算对比,分析其间的显著差异和参数敏感性,为超大型集装箱船结构设计提供参考。     

1.6万标准箱集装箱船外飘砰击及结构强度计算研究

超大型集装箱船面临首部特殊型线与高航速所带来的不容小视的首部外飘砰击载荷作用。文中以1.6万标准箱集装箱船为例,首先基于时域Rankine源法计算集装箱船的非线性运动响应;然后预报首部区域发生外飘砰击的概率和砰击压力极值;最后考虑外飘砰击对首部局部区域的作用,对1.6万标准箱船的首部结构进行了有限元分析,评估船体结构承受外飘砰击载荷的能力,为首部结构设计提供参考依据。     

超大型集装箱船艏艉砰击强度直接计算方法

超大型集装箱船的船艏显著外飘、船艉宽平外悬,使其在恶劣海况下航行时容易发生严重的砰击。为确保船体艏艉部结构在砰击中不发生损坏,需要研究作用到艏艉外板上的砰击压力,并以此为设计载荷来校核外板和相连结构的强度。目前对集装箱船砰击局部强度的校核要求仍以经验公式为主,但是为提高对超大尺度船舶强度校核的可靠性,近年来推出了砰击的直接分析方法。本文初步分析了砰击直接分析方法的基本原理,并运用该方法对20,000 TEU集装箱船的艏、艉部砰击压力以及最小板厚要求进行了研讨,其结果可为超大型集装箱船的结构设计提供重要的参考。     

船舶砰击强度计算方法研究

船舶在航行时发生砰击是一种高度非线性的物理现象。本文基于势流理论Rankine源法,研究用时域非线性方法计算船舶运动响应,获得船波垂向相对运动速度;并选取合适的砰击压力系数,计算船舶砰击载荷。最后用该方法评估了一艘集装箱船艏部砰击强度,验证了该方法的合理性。     

船首外飘砰击强度直接计算

基于船舶耐波性理论,建立了船舶首部外飘区域的砰击强度直接计算方法,并对相关的试验数据和规范进行了讨论,给出了可行的处理方法。对一艘大型集装箱船首部外飘区域砰击强度进行直接计算,验证了该方法的实用性。     

船首外飘砰击设计载荷直接计算

文章结合三维线性势流理论和砰击速度的长期分析方法,求解出船体外飘位置的设计砰击速度;以首垂线和静水面交点处的设计砰击速度为目标值,给出了用于确定船首外飘砰击设计载荷的等效设计波,进而得到了设计状态下船体外飘剖面与波面相对运动关系;将船体剖面与波面间的相对运动关系等效转化为船体剖面与静水面的相对运动,利用显式有限元方法实现了外飘剖面砰击设计载荷的预报。针对直接计算方法中涉及的设计砰击速度、砰击压力和砰击压力系数,对比分析了文中结果和相应的规范值或试验值,论证了文中船舶外飘砰击压力设计载荷直接计算方法的合理性。     

局部砰击载荷预报的规范算法研究与分析

通过比较不同船级社砰击规范的适用范围及要求,对砰击压力展开研究。通过对实例船型的计算和分析,比较不同规范计算得到的艏底和外飘砰击压力。分解砰击压力计算的经验公式,提出对砰击压力有显著影响的参数,比较这些参数对砰击压力影响的程度,以指导砰击载荷作用下船体局部结构的设计实践。     

船首外飘砰击设计载荷影响因素研究

船首外飘砰击压力设计载荷的影响因素包括船首与波浪之间的设计砰击速度和船首外飘砰击压力系数。论文结合船舶耐波性理论和概率分析方法,推导了船首外飘垂向设计砰击速度;利用落体砰击载荷试验技术,给出了船首外飘砰击压力系数的三维试验方法。以一艘实船为例,将该方法确定的垂向设计砰击速度、外飘砰击压力系数与劳氏规范值进行对比,分析二者的异同之处,为船首外飘砰击设计载荷的预报或相关规范的制定提供参考。     

外张砰击载荷

本文讨论了船在不规则迎浪中航行时,由于首外张砰击而引起的压力和弯矩的计算。在砰击压力计算中采用了两种方法:动量冲击理论和Wagner型冲击理论。以具有较大首外张的S-175集装箱船为例,计算结果同模型试验进行了比较,压力及弯矩的符合程度令人满意。     

参数横摇下大型集装箱船外飘砰击的近似计算方法（英文）

Since the research of flare slamming prediction is seldom when parametric rolling happens, we present an efficient approximation method for flare slamming analysis of large container ships in parametric rolling conditions. We adopt a 6-DOF weakly nonlinear time domain model to predict the ship motions of parametric rolling conditions. Unlike previous flare slamming analysis, our proposed method takes roll motion into account to calculate the impact angle and relative vertical velocity between ship sections on the bow flare and wave surface. We use the Wagner model to analyze the slamming impact forces and the slamming occurrence probability. Through numerical simulations, we investigate the maximum flare slamming pressures of a container ship for different speeds and wave conditions. To further clarify the mechanism of flare slamming phenomena in parametric rolling conditions, we also conduct real-time simulations to determine the relationship between slamming pressure and 3-DOF motions, namely roll, pitch, and heave.     

Efficient calculation of slamming pressures on ships in irregular seas

An efficient method for calculation of the slamming pressures on ship hulls in irregular waves is presented and validated for a 290-m cruise ship. Nonlinear strip theory was used to calculate the ship–wave relative motions. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event were input to the slamming calculation program, which used a two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) based on the generalized 2D Wagner formulation presented by Zhao et al. To improve the calculation efficiency, the method was divided into two separate steps. In the first step, the velocity potentials were calculated for unit relative velocities between the section and the water. In the next step, these precalculated velocity potentials were used together with the real relative velocities experienced in a seaway to calculate the slamming pressure and total slamming force on the section. This saved considerable computer time for slamming calculations in irregular waves, without significant loss of accuracy. The calculated slamming pressures on the bow flare of the cruise ship agreed quite well with the measured values, at least for time windows in which the calculated and experimental ship motions agreed well. A simplified method for calculation of the instantaneous peak pressure on each ship section in irregular waves is also presented. The method was used to identify slamming events to be analyzed with the more refined 2D BEM method, but comparisons with measured values indicate that the method may also be used for a quick quantitative assessment of the maximum slamming pressures.     

箱形驳船底部砰击载荷及结构加强要求研究

针对箱形驳船,建立了三维水动力计算模型,对箱形驳船系列在设计海况下的船体与波浪之间的相对运动和相对速度做了短期预报。运用Ochi船舶砰击理论,分析了箱形驳船在不同吃水和拖航速度时船首砰击的发生概率和砰击压力极值等,并讨论了吃水、拖航速度等因素对箱形驳船底部砰击特性的影响。在此基础上,提出了箱形驳船首部砰击加强的临界航速建议,为箱形驳船规范中有关底部砰击载荷的修订提供参考和依据。     

砰击载荷作用下双体船强度计算方法研究

舰船的砰击载荷与结构响应的研究一直备受关注.对于双体船来说,砰击按部位可分为底部砰击、外飘砰击和甲板上浪,和连接相邻船体的甲板下侧,即湿甲板砰击.目前对于双体船的砰击计算还不完善,因此对于该船型的砰击研究十分必要.本文分别利用规范计算和直接计算的方式,对砰击载荷作用下双体船强度影响进行研究.规范计算主要基于中国船级社规范计算砰击载荷,直接计算则是通过线性势流理论预报船波相对速度,借助相关规范确定砰击压力系数,实现砰击载荷的直接计算.通过有限元软件加载计算,分析比较2种载荷计算方法对双体船强度的影响,以指导砰击载荷作用下双体船局部结构的设计实践.     

船艏底部砰击压力概率预报方法研究

在Ochi概率统计方法的基础上探索一种适合于非常规船型船艏底部砰击压力的概率预报方法。该方法在时域中计算船舶在波浪中的运动响应,基于Msc.Dytran计算砰击压力系数,在此基础上采用蒙特卡罗法对砰击压力的概率特性进行预报。分析了砰击时的船波相对速度和波面倾角对压力系数的影响。研究结果表明,船舶在静水和波浪中的砰击压力特性有很大差异,在波峰与波谷处发生砰击时产生的砰击压力大于在波面其它位置产生的压力值,相对速度对砰击压力系数的影响在波面不同位置呈现出不同的特点。     

排水型船外飘砰击和甲板淹湿的经验估算方法（英文）

The paper presents an empirical method to calculate bow flare slamming pressure and the green water load. Many empirical formulae for various types of vessels have been provided by rules of ship classification societies. In the present work, attempt is made to develop generalized formulations for all types of displacement vessels. Extreme sea conditions are considered. Bow flare pressure is derived in terms of flare and waterline angles. Specific condition for limiting waterline angle is derived based on 2 D numerical simulations. Deck wetness is derived in terms of static and dynamic swell-up and the relative motion. Variation of static swell along the length is determined based on potential solution based analyses considering variation in vessels' hull. 2 D wedge simulations are carried out to validate the formulation of dynamic swell-up. Results of the calculated bow flare and deck pressures are compared with various ship classification society formulations and the trends are found to be in good agreement in general barring at bow flare where lower pressure is found in most of the presented cases. Also IACS UR S21 A(2018) governing minimum pressure for deck scantlings is found to be conservative in few of the presented cases. Although scantlings assessment is not performed, the presented new formulations may help in realistic assessment of scantlings.     

Numerical and experimental analysis of bow flare slamming on a Ro–Ro vessel in regular oblique waves

A method for the prediction of slamming loads on ship hulls is presented and validated for a 20-knot, 120-m car carrier. A nonlinear strip theory is used to calculate the relative motions of ship and wave. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event are given as input to the slamming calculation program, which is based on a generalized two-dimensional Wagner formulation and solved by the boundary element method. The method is fast and robust. Model tests of a car carrier have been carried out in regular head, bow, and bow quartering waves of various heights. Slamming on two panels in the upper part of the bow flare has been studied. It has been found that the water pile-up around the bow due to the forward speed of the vessel significantly increases the slamming pressures. A simplified way of including this effect is presented. When the calculated slamming pressures are corrected for 3D effects, they compare well with the measured data. Since the effect of the wave elevation due to the forward speed and the effect of three-dimensional flow act in opposite directions, excluding both of them produced results that also agreed quite well with the experiments, especially for the most severe slamming events.     

基于有限元方法的船首底部结构砰击强度分析

船艏底部作为整船中的重要受力区域,船舶航行时,其与波浪会发生相对碰撞,即产生砰击现象,从而对船体的结构安全造成隐患。本文以某型半潜运输船为例,结合中国船级社(CCS)规范,根据Ochi-Mottor理论进行砰击压力极值计算,并采用有限元方法对该型船舶艏部区域的结构强度进行分析。