SimMechanics在转向架测试台运动仿真中的应用

振动试验台在各种车辆以及机械装备的道路模拟实验以及环境试验中发挥着越来越重要的作用.文中研究的六自由度转向架测试台是多自由度振动试验台的一种.研制转向架测试台的过程中,在计算机上基于系统的控制策略对测试台进行运动模拟仿真,可以缩短研制时间和降低研制成本.以一种七作动器六自由度转向架测试台为例,通过SimMechanics模块构建与实际测试台一致的模型,在Simulink环境中建立相应的控制模块,对振动试验台进行运动模拟仿真.通过对该问题的研究,扩展了当前SimMechanics模块在解决复杂机械系统问题中的应用.     

不同输入下汽车操纵稳定性响应品质的比较分析

建立汽车二自由度模型,进行受力分析,给出相应的汽车运动方程,并应用拉氏变换建立角位移输入与力矩输入的传递函数,通过MATLAB软件编程,求解角输入与力矩输入2种输入条件下汽车二自由度模型的特征参数,绘制特征参数随速度变化的关系曲线,分析变化趋势,从而对2种不同输入条件下的汽车操纵稳定性的响应品质进行比较分析。     

基于预瞄信息的主动悬架最优控制

在MATLAB／SIMULINK中建立了七自由度车辆主动悬架模型,以提高车辆行驶平顺性为控制目标,主动悬架作动器的输出力为控制对象,根据最优控制原理设计出了基于轴距预瞄信息的主动悬架控制策略．仿真结果表明,与无预瞄系统的控制策略相比,基于预瞄信息的最优控制策略能够有效地降低车身垂直振动加速度、车身侧倾角加速度和俯仰角加速度,车辆行驶平顺性明显提高．     

轴向板条对海洋立管涡激振动抑振的数值研究

涡激振动是一种在海洋工程领域普遍存在的流固耦合物理现象,易导致海洋立管等结构物发生疲劳损伤或失稳。本文为抑制涡激振动而提出一种附加轴向板条的方案,采用非定常流体数值计算方法求解分析不同分布形式下的轴向板条对海洋立管涡激振动特性的影响。首先定义轴向板条的分布形式;采用Newmark-β法求解立管双自由度振动方程并编写UDF,计算采用k-ω/SST湍流模型,并结合动网格技术模拟立管的振动过程。研究结果表明,轴向板条对海洋立管具有较好的抑振效果;当轴向板条数目n=20时,流向振动幅度减小78.57%,横向振动幅度减小58.10%。本文研究结果可为海洋结构物涡激振动的抑振提供参考。     

Development of simplified method for prediction of structural response of stiffened plates under explosion loads

During their lifetime, marine structures may be exposed to accidental loadings such as from collisions or explosions, as well as environmental loadings such as from slamming, sloshing and green water. Such loadings can cause damage to structures. Therefore, to minimize such damage, advanced and robust design guidelines should be formulated. Among those loads, in this study, explosions imparting an impulsive pressure loading containing a rapid increase in pressure and a short duration that can cause serious casualties, property losses, and marine pollution were considered. In this paper, a practical and robust method for damage assessment of marine structures exposed to explosion loads based on a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and numerical simulations is proposed. The SDOF method was improved by introduction of new and better idealization resistance for the system and consideration of the effect of strain-rate, and subsequently was verified by a numerical method developed using the commercial ABAQUS software package. The numerical method was itself validated by comparison with relevant pulse pressure test data available in the open literature (good correlation was shown). Based on the validated numerical models, a rigorous parametric study of the structural response of stiffened plates having actual scantlings of offshore structures was performed. The numerically obtained maximum deformations were compared with the results from the improved SDOF method in a parametric study, and the variation of both methods was verified. Finally, simple yet accurate and reliable formulations for prediction of structural response were empirically derived. These formulations are expected to be usefully employed as a first-hand tool for prediction of damage extent of marine structures (including offshore structures) due to explosion loads.     

对辛亥革命的认识和思考

针对历史教科书和辛亥革命论坛中的不同观点给中学生造成的认识混乱,本文从翔实的历史事实入手,揭示一些观点的片面性,让人们认识到孙中山先生所领导的这场资产阶级民主革命是一场没有任何遗憾的革命,它成功地传播了"民主、自由、共和"的人文精神理念。     

船用起重机主动式升沉补偿控制的研究

对海上作业的船舶运动和起重机升沉运动进行分析、建模,从速度补偿和位移补偿两个方面分析了船舶起重机主动式升沉波浪补偿控制的原理。     

船舶多自由度斜航运动水动力数值研究

计及多自由度运动的船舶斜航水动力预报对船舶航行安全具有重要意义。文章通过耦合求解船舶运动方程和雷诺平均N-S方程,并采用VOF方法和高精度自由面捕捉技术对作多自由度斜航运动船舶的粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。船舶动态平衡位置根据计算出的力和力矩来决定,得到包括升沉、纵倾和横倾在内的船舶浮态。文中采用的算例与爱荷华大学进行的模型试验相同,通过比较数值计算结果和试验值验证了该方法的有效性。对船模在受约束和自由运动两种状态下的船舶运动和流场进行模拟,通过比较分析船舶升沉、纵倾和横倾的影响。文中计算获得的详细流场细节特征,包括前体和舭部的涡以及船体表面上的压力,有助于理解船舶斜航运动浮态变化的机理。     

光学系统QTM在两船水池试验中的应用研究

光学系统QTM是一种有效的非接触式船模运动测量系统,其利用高速相机追踪红外反光Marker球在标定坐标系中的位置变化来解算船模六自由度运动响应,有效克服了对船模自身的运动产生的干扰效应。在空间几何理论框架内,构建了Marker球与高速相机的空间布局分析数学模型,推导获得了Marker球是否位于高速相机视野范围内的判别表达式。研究表明：光学系统QTM适用于两船多种复杂试验工况的运动测试,且具有高效的位置解析度和快速响应能力,在船模运动动态捕捉测量方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

A study of maneuvering control for an air cushion vehicle based on back propagation neural network

A back propagation (BP) neural network mathematical model was established to investigate the maneuvering control of an air cushion vehicle (ACV). The calculation was based on four-freedom-degree model experiments of hydrodynamics and aerodynamics. It is necessary for the ACV to control the velocity and the yaw rate as well as the velocity angle at the same time. The yaw rate and the velocity angle must be controlled correspondingly because of the whipping, which is a special characteristic for the ACV. The calculation results show that it is an efficient way for the ACV's maneuvering control by using a BP neural network to adjust PID parameters online.