社会治理视阈下的民族习惯法

社会治理要求形成政府引导、社会多元主体共同参与的治理模式,这必然需要多种社会规范共同发挥作用,民族习惯法就是这样一种社会规范体系。习惯法在民族地区社会治理中具有相当程度的价值正当性和实践合理性。民族习惯法在社会治理中具有参与协商、民意认同、灵活变通、成本低廉等优势,但在社会治理中也会产生负面的影响,因此,必须引导习惯法自身与国家治理现代化的进程相适应。     

基于旅客步行距离的停机位均衡优化指派建模

针对机场停机位指派问题,从旅客服务质量角度出发,以缩短机场旅客步行总距离和均衡各航空公司的旅客平均步行距离为目标,建立停机位指派优化模型.采用Lingo软件对国内某大型机场的停机位指派进行仿真验证.结果表明：旅客步行总距离会影响航空公司间公平性;与随机指派相比较,该模型能同时缩短旅客步行总距离和提高航空公司公平性.     

城市交通公平性与轨道交通

阐述交通公平性的内涵,分析我国城市交通公平性存在的问题、影响因素及判断标准。通过对轨道交通优点的分析,得出轨道交通项目符合城市交通公平性的判断标准：有利于大多数人的出行,满足弱势群体的出行要求;社会效益显著,通行能力大,运输速度快,能源消耗低,环境污染小,占地面积少;安全,准时。最后提出提高城市交通公平性的有效措施。     

道路交通安全管理与经济、社会发展关系研究

道路交通安全与国家经济、社会发展存在密不可分的关系。该文采用了上海市、广东省、吉林省处于不同发展阶段的三个地区的数据,通过对比可以衡量经济发展水平的GDP、人均GDP和公路通车里程、公路运输量等经济指标来建立它们与道路交通安全管理水平的联系。     

探索FIDIC合同条件的市场经济运作

以市场经济的观点,剖析了国际通用的FIDIC合同条件的商品观念、时间观念、经济管理体制观念,并阐述其作用。     

对体育院校人才培养社会评价机制的探讨

参照当前教育评价最新发展趋势和先进的评价思想,结合当前体育院校的实际情况,参考工商业界质量保障的ISO9000系统以过程为基础的质量管理体系模式,试图构建教育社会评价的发展性评价模式.即通过教育系统内外各方广泛参与、紧密联系、和谐运作,使评价成为真正推进全国体育院校教育质量全面提高的“杠杆“.     

The Dependency of People on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

Understanding how people are dependent on Large Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) is important for understanding how people might be sensitive to changes that affect these seascapes. We review how resource dependency is conceptualized and propose that it be broadened to include cultural values such as pride in resource status, scientific heritage, appreciation of aesthetics, biodiversity, and lifestyle opportunities. We provide an overview of how local residents (n = 3,181 face-to-face surveys), commercial fishers (n = 210, telephone surveys), and tourism operators (n = 119 telephone surveys) are potentially dependent on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), a region currently experiencing significant environmental, social, and economic change. We found that commercial fishers and tourism operators were dependent not only financially on the GBR, but also because of their age, years in the industry and region, lack of education, and the number of dependents. These stakeholders lacked flexibility to secure alternative employment. All stakeholder groups, regardless of economic imperatives, were dependent on the GBR because of their cultural connections. We propose that resource dependency also provides an umbrella concept to describe the cultural services provided by an ecosystem, which can be described through place-based dependence and place-identity.     

考虑结伴行为的地铁通道行人仿真建模研究

结伴是行人运动中的普遍行为，且对行人的整体运动具有显著影响，因此仿真行人运动时，有必要考虑结伴行为. 本文以地铁内一般通道为空间背景，首先利用视频观测数据，深入分析了通道内的结伴行为特征. 然后，区分普通个体行人、结伴行人及结伴群体中的不同角色(领导者、跟随者)，基于社会力模型原理，结合颗粒流理论，建立了包含驱动力、接触力、排斥力3 个子模型的行人运动模型，并构建了考虑结伴行为的行人仿真平台. 最后，以某一地铁通道作为实例，通过观测数据及对结伴行为的刻画验证了该仿真模型的真实性及有效性，并分析了不同结伴比例对行人流平均速度的影响，得出行人速度随着结伴比例增大而减小的结论. 该模型可为进一步完善地铁枢纽的行人运动仿真模型提供理论支持，为通道内行人组织提供帮助.     

Social Networks of Alaska Fishing Communities

Fishing community social networks function as channels for transfer of fishery knowledge, resources, and business transactions that help mitigate risks and shocks associated with altered access to fishery resources. Research on such networks in Alaska is limited despite their cultural importance and community reliance on fisheries. We contribute to scholarship of fishery social networks by assessing Alaska fishing community perspectives of challenges related to fisheries policy and management, and the existing social networks that aid in overcoming these challenges. Our findings show that the greatest challenges fishing communities face pertaining to fishery management are high costs of participating in catch share programs, restricted subsistence fishing activity due to decline in salmon, and complex regulations. Social networks exist for coping with these challenges; fishery information, and resources such as food, fuel and medicines are shared between communities. However, networks for accessing fishery support services are centralized in fewer larger communities and hubs such as Anchorage. Smaller and remote communities are the most compromised in this regard given the distance they must travel to access fishery support services. Leveraging social networks for sharing resources and improving fishery support services in smaller communities will increase their adaptive capacity and ability to maintain participation in Alaska fisheries.     

高职"两课"教学走社会实践教育的探索与偿试

针对目前高职院校学生学习“两课”积极性不高,效果不太理想的现象,本文提出了在“两课”教学中开展社会实践教育的新体系,分析了“两课”教学走社会实践之路的重要性,并提出了相应的实施措施。