《钢质内河船舶建造规范》(2009)船体部分解读

《钢质内河船舶建造规范》（2009）已于2009年1月1日生效，较以前的《钢质内河船舶建造规范》有了较大的变更，为方便同行理解和使用，本文对船体部分进行解读，阐述修改的内容及执行该规范应注意的事项。     

Prediction of hull girder moment-carrying capacity using kinematic displacement theory

The hull girder moment capacity of a very large crude oil carrier (VLCC) called Energy Concentration (EC), for which many benchmark studies have been carried out using the simple progressive collapse method (SPCM), is predicted. In this study, three approaches are used to represent the load-shortening behavior, so-called average compressive strength, of a stiffened panel, comprising the hull section: 1) kinematic displacement theory (KDT); 2) nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA); and 3) simple formulas in the common structural rule (CSR) for tankers. Load-shortening curves for various kinds of stiffened panels in EC are compared for five different scenarios with variations of load-shortening approaches and initial imperfections. In order to verify the effect of load-shortening on the prediction accuracy of the hull girder moment-carrying capacity, load-shortening curves are imported into an SPCM-based in-house program called Ultimate Moment Analysis of Damaged Ships (UMADS). Comparison of the hull girder ultimate strength for general heeling conditions, including hogging and sagging conditions, reveals that the load-shortening curves significantly affect the hull girder moment-carrying capacities. Based on our comparison of these capacities with other benchmark results, it is concluded that nonlinear FEA provided the most conservative results, KDT provided the second most conservative results, and the CSR formulas predicted the upper bound.     

CCS万吨级船舶船体建造中多种新型胎架应用及探讨

阐述了胎架在中小型船舶建造中对于严格控制船体线型的重要作用,以及胎架在制造中必须具有足够的强度及钢度才能满足使用要求,对保证船体分段建造质量和精度控制起到了指导作用.     

船体结构角焊缝的应力分析与试验

采用焊缝强度计算理论、有限元数值分析及组合钢构件压弯试验,研究船体结构角焊缝的受力性能。对比理论分析、数值计算、模型试验的结果表明,角焊缝剪应力的理论计算方法正确,试验实测焊缝剪应力的大小及分布与理论焊缝剪应力较一致,焊缝剪应力的测定方法可靠,为焊接系数的验证研究工作打下了基础。     

船体低阶湿模态计算方法对比研究

以某豪华游轮船体为研究对象,针对船体梁的低阶湿模态特性,将虚质量法应用于船体低阶湿模态计算,并与基于Lewis经验公式的附加质量法进行了对比分析。结果显示两种方法前四阶船体湿模态相差均在4.5%以内,特别是船体首阶湿模态相差仅0.3%。但附加质量法计算附连水质量过程复杂,且高阶模态计算偏差大。虚质量法计算过程简单,计算结果准确可靠,并且可在一次计算中得到船体前几阶低阶湿模态。本文使用的计算方法适用于船体低阶湿模态计算,对工程实际问题有一定的参考价值。     

On the role played by turbulence closures in hull shape optimization at model and full scale

 The practical use of automated computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based design tools in the ship-building industry requires powerful flow solvers which are able to take into account realistic geometries as well as complex physical phenomena, such as turbulence. A shape optimization tool is developed in this framework. A derivative-free optimizer, yielding both flexibility and robustness, is preferred to the classical gradient-based method, which is more difficult to implement and is still limited to only moderately complex problems. The flow solver included in the design procedure solves the incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations on unstructured grids using a finite-volume formulation involving several near-wall low-Reynolds-number turbulence models. The design tool is used to optimize the stern of a modern hull shape at model and full scale, with different purposes being considered. More precisely, the drag reduction and the homogenization of the flow in the wake are expected by controlling the longitudinal vortex generated. Our interest is particularly focused on the influence of turbulence modeling in the design process. The effects of a two-equation model based on the eddy-viscosity assumption and a second-order closure relying on the Reynolds stress transport equations are compared. Received: September 24, 2002 / Accepted: April 14, 2003 RID="*" Acknowledgment. The authors thank the scientific committee of CINES (project dmn2050) for the attribution of CPU time.     

英语船舶保险合同的文体分析

海事英语中，船舶保险合同是以共核英语为基础的，具有法律英语共同特点的语言，但它同时也有一整套自己独有的核心术语、逻辑严密的句法结构和成分扩展。这些特点在准确理解和翻译的过程中必须受到充分重视。本文从词汇、词类使用和句型结构三方面对船舶保险合同的文体特征作了较细致地分析，旨在使读者对于船舶保险合同这种特殊的法律英语语体有一个更深入的认识，以求得对英语保险合同更准确的理解和翻译。     

大跨度预应力V形墩连续刚构桥线形施工控制

永康市西塔桥为V形墩连续刚构桥，采用支架法现浇施工．通过对大跨度V形墩连续刚构桥挠度控制影响因素的分析，采用自适应方法进行施工控制，最后成功合龙桥梁．文中重点阐述了结构线形控制的实施控制过程，对同类桥梁的线形控制具有参考价值．     

船舶建造分段搭载精度的控制和优化

文章通过全站仪对船舶建造的分段基准点精确定位,建立三维控制优化模型,优化船舶模拟搭载作业流程,使船舶搭载过程中的余量修正最小化。     

《船体生产设计》课程创新性实训教学的探索

实践教学的主要目的和任务是培养学生的技术应用能力,使他们掌握职业岗位所必需的职业行动能力。本文对船舶工程技术专业的创新性实训教学的实施进行了介绍。